C++ programming (Array)

Tareq Balhareth
Supersized by: Eng. Ibrahim Alodayni

 C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size
sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to
store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array
as a collection of variables of the same type. Instead of declaring
individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99, you
declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0],
numbers[1], and ..., numbers[99] to represent individual variables. A
specific element in an array is accessed by an index. All arrays consist of
contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the
first element and the highest address to the last element.

 To declare an array in C++, the programmer specifies the type of the elements and
the number of elements required by an array as follows:
This is called a single-dimension array. The arraySize must be an integer constant
greater than zero and type can be any valid C++ data type. For example, to declare a
10-element array called balance of type double, use this statement:
type arrayName [ arraySize ];
double balance[10];

 You can initialize C++ array elements either one by one or using a single statement
as follows:
The number of values between braces { } can not be larger than the number of
elements that we declare for the array between square brackets [ ]. Following is an
example to assign a single element of the array.
double balance[5] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 17.0, 50.0};

 If you omit the size of the array, an array just big enough to hold the initialization is
created. Therefore, if you write:
 You will create exactly the same array as you did in the previous example.
double balance[] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 17.0, 50.0};

 The above statement assigns element number 5th in the array a value of 50.0. Array
with 4th index will be 5th, i.e., last element because all arrays have 0 as the index
of their first element which is also called base index. Following is the pictorial
representation of the same array we discussed above:
balance[4] = 50.0;

 An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by placing the
index of the element within square brackets after the name of the array. For
example:
 The above statement will take 10th element from the array and assign the value to
salary variable. Following is an example, which will use all the above-mentioned
three concepts viz.
double salary = balance[9];

 Declaration, assignment and accessing arrays:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <iomanip>
using std::setw;
int main ()
{
int n[ 10 ]; // n is an array of 10 integers
// initialize elements of array n to 0
for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
{
n[ i ] = i + 100; // set element at location i to i + 100
}
cout << "Element" << setw( 13 ) << "Value" << endl;
// output each array element's value
for ( int j = 0; j < 10; j++ )
{
cout << setw( 7 )<< j << setw( 13 ) << n[ j ] << endl;
}
return 0;
}

 This program makes use of setw() function to format the output. When the above
code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Element Value
0 100
1 101
2 102
3 103
4 104
5 105
6 106
7 107
8 108
9 109

 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/

C++ programming (Array)

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