Research (nature characteristics of research) copy
- 1. Speaker: JENNIFER REJUSO-JOVITA SST – IIII, Caraga Regional Science High School
- 2. RESEARCH It is searching for a theory, for testing theory, or for solving a problem.
- 3. It is to search again, to take another more careful look, to find out more (Selltiz, et.al., 1976). It is a systematic quest for undiscovered truth (Leedy, 1974).
- 4. It is a systematic attempt to provide answers to questions (Tuckman, 1972).
- 5. According to John W. Best: “Research may be defined as the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the developments of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control or events.”
- 7. Types of research Based on inquiry Based on purpose Based on method
- 9. Begin with an existing theory Formal instruments are used Findings are generalized Problem is converted into dependent and independent variables after which the researcher develops strategies and instruments to control relationships between and among naturally occurring variables. Rationalistic
- 10. State that we must understand the framework within which the subjects under study interpret their environment to be able to understand human behavior The individual’s thoughts, values, perceptions and actions are studied. Naturalistic
- 11. Naturalistic involves observing subjects in their natural environment.
- 12. Naturalistic This type of research is often utilized in situations where conducting lab research is unrealistic, cost prohibitive or would unduly affect the subject’s behavior.
- 13. Naturalistic Data Collection Methods : • Tally counts • Observer narratives • Audio or video recordings
- 15. Basic/ fundamental / pure * is intended to add to the body of scientific knowledge by exploring the unknown to extend the boundaries of knowledge as well as to discover new facts, and learn more accurately the characteristics of known without any particular thought as to immediate practical utility.
- 16. …seeks to discover basic truths or principles. BASIC RESEARCH
- 17. Also known as action research Directed towards the practical application of knowledge Theory may be supported, modified or revised. New theory may even be provided. involves seeking new applications of scientific knowledge to the solution of a problem such as the development of new system or procedure, new device, or new method, in order to solve the problem. Applied/ action
- 18. …produces knowledge of practical use to man. APPLIED RESEARCH
- 19. This is a decision-oriented research involving the application of the steps of the scientific method in response to an immediate need to improve existing practices. Often used in engineering and technology areas Develop- mental
- 21. Historical Research Critical investigation of events, developments and experiences of the past, the careful weighing of evidence of the validity of sources of information on the past and the interpretation of the weighed evidence (Kellinger, 1972) Data are gathered through the collection of original documents or interviewing eye witnesses.
- 22. Descriptive Research Describes the population’s characteristics A study where the major emphasis is on the discovery of ideas and insights (Selltiz, et.al., 1979)
- 23. Correlational Research Involves the collection of two or more sets of data from a group of subjects with the attempt to determine the subsequent relationship between those sets of data (Tuckman, 1972)
- 24. Ex Post Facto Research “After the Fact” A systematic empirical inquiry in which the researcher does not have direct control of the independent variables Also known as Causal-Comparative Research
- 25. Causal-Comparative vs Correlational Causal-comparative studies attempt to identify cause-effect relationships, correlational studies do not. Causal-comparative studies involve comparison, correlational studies involve relationship.
- 26. Evaluation Research Judges the value, worth or merit of an existing program Formative and summative evaluation are applied in training programs, textbooks, manuals or curricula.
- 27. Experimental Research A study conducted in the laboratory Involves two groups: Experimental group Control group
- 28. Values of Research •For the quality of life to progress •To provide solutions to problems •For scientific and technological advancement of the new millennium
- 29. Characteristics of research Research is Empirical, Logical , and Cyclical. 1. Empirical – research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher. 2. Logical – research is based on valid procedures and principles. 3. Cyclical – research starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
- 30. Research is analytical and critical. ( a systematic and accurate investigation) 4. Analytical – research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study. 5. Critical – research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
- 31. Research gathers new knowledge and data from primary and secondary sources. Primary data are the data collected by the researcher themselves, i.e. • interview • observation • action research • case studies • life histories • questionnaires • ethnographic research • longitudinal studies Secondary sources are data that already exists Previous research : • Official statistics • Mass media products • Diaries • Letters • Government reports • Web information • Historical data and information
- 32. Research is methodical and replicable. 6.Methodical – research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures. 7. Replicability – research design and procedures are repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
- 33. • Research endeavors to organize data in quantitative (measurable) terms if possible and to express these data in numerical measures. • Researchers require courage. • Research is carefully recorded and reported.
- 35. Qualities of a Good Researcher Research Oriented Efficient Scientific Effective Active Resourceful Creative Honest Economical Religious
Editor's Notes
- #30: Empirical – research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher. Logical – research is based on valid procedures and principles. Cyclical – research starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
- #31: 4. Analytical – research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study. 5. Critical – research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
- #33: 6.Methodical – research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures. 7. Replicability – research design and procedures are repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.