Mcas life science plants life cyles adaptations short 2012
- 1. MCAS Science Review Life Science (Biology)
- 2. Characteristics of Plants and Animals 1.How are plants and animals classified by their shared characteristics in the system invented by Linnaeus? 2.Why are all living things classified in this way? Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) invented a system for naming living things using Latin so that all the word’s scientists could communicate using one name for every living thing. He based the names on obvious characteristics of living things.
- 3. Linnaean Classification System Here is the classification for modern humans: Kingdom Animal Phylum Chordate Class Mammal Order Primate Family Hominidae Genus Homo (meaning “same” or “man”) Species sapiens (meaning “wise”) Scientists refer to modern humans as “wise men,” or Homo sapiens.
- 4. Plant Structures What are the main structures in plants that are responsible for: food making, reproduction, growth, and protection?
- 5. Food Making in Plants Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food in their leaves. In photosynthesis, plants use: sunlight water (brought in by the roots) carbon dioxide from the air Plants produce: sugar to feed the plant oxygen
- 6. Reproduction Flowers are the structures responsible for plant reproduction. After pollination in the anther, stigma, and style, seeds develop in the ovary.
- 7. Seeds Inside the fruits are seeds that are transported by wind, gravity, water, and animals to another place where they make new plants.
- 8. Growth Growth occurs in buds, stems, and roots. Vascular tissues bring food and water to different parts of the plants to provide energy for growth.
- 9. Protection Some ways plants protect themselves include: • Thick bark can protect a tree from fire and insects. • Thorns can protect plants from animals that might eat them. • Thick stems can retain water in dry climates. • Drip tip leaves can help leaves stay drier, so the plant doesn’t mold.
- 10. Life Cycles • Describe the life cycle (including birth, growth, development, reproduction, and death) of a plant, amphibian, mammal, and butterfly. • What is a metamorphosis in terms of the life cycle of a frog or butterfly? • What are inherited characteristics? • What are characteristics that aren’t inherited?
- 11. Plant Life Cycle
- 12. Amphibian Life Cycle An amphibian is an animal that is born in the water and has gills, but develops lungs and lives on land for its adult life. Frogs are amphibians.
- 13. Mammal Life Cycle Birth Growth Development Death Reproduction
- 14. Butterfly Life Cycle Because the butterfly undergoes a complete change in form during its development, its life cycle is called a metamorphosis.
- 15. Inheritance Plants and animals receive inherited characteristics that you receive from their parents. Plants and animals develop characteristics that aren’t inherited when they are affected by their environment. Inherited Characteristics Characteristics Not Inherited
- 16. Adaptations of Living Things 1. How do inherited characteristics change over time to allow plants or animals to adapt and survive in their environment? 2. Describe how some changes in the environment have caused some plants and animals to die or move or migrate to new locations. 3. What are some seasonal changes in an environment that plants and animals must respond to regularly? 4. Describe how organisms change their behavior in response to different stimuli in their environment so they can meet some of their needs. 5. What are instinctive and learned behaviors and how are they different? 6. What are some ways that organisms can cause changes in their environment to ensure their survival? How can some of these changes affect their environment?
- 17. Whales Adapt to a Changing World
- 18. Horses Adapt to Grasslands
- 19. Ice Ages Expose Bering Land Bridge In the Ice Age, sea levels were lower and ice covered much of the land. Many plants and animals died. Other animals migrated across exposed land bridges to escape the cold and ice.
- 20. What killed the dinosaurs? What forms of life survived from this ancient event?
- 21. Hibernation Bears have adapted to winter, a seasonal changes in their environment by hibernating.
- 22. Migration Caribou in Alaska migrate seasonally to find food and bear young.
- 23. Migration Some species of whales migrate seasonally to find bear their young in warmer waters. They return to northern waters to feed when the newborns are big enough to make the long journey. Humpback Whale Migration Gray Whale Migration
- 24. Adaptations of Plants In northern forests, deciduous trees have adapted to the cold winter by dropping their leaves annually. If they became covered with snow, the leaves could bear down the limbs and cause them to break off. The needles of evergreen trees in northern forests have adapted to shed snow. Four Seasons in a Northern Forest Pine Needles Shed Snow
- 25. Arctic Foxes Adapt to the Frozen Landscape By changing the color of their fur coat, Arctic foxes can blend into a snow winter landscape and avoid predators.
- 26. ? Some organisms change their behavior in response to different stimuli in their environment so they can meet some of their needs. What might have caused this gorilla to stand up and walk?
- 27. Instinctive and Learned Behaviors Some animals are born with instinctive behaviors. Other behaviors are learned during the animals’ lives. Instinctive Behaviors Learned Behaviors
- 28. Changing the Environment Many organisms cause changes in their environment to ensure their survival. How can some of these changes affect their environment? Many Inuits live differently now than they did in the past. How has this changed their environment? Inuit Villages Past and Present
- 29. Changing the Environment Many organisms cause changes in their environment to ensure their survival. How can some of these changes in transportation affect the environment?
- 30. Changing the Environment Changes made by plowing up the deeply rooted prairie grasses of the Great Plains affected the environment and caused drought in the Dust Bowl of the 1930s.
- 31. Changing the Environment Beaver dams can cause flooding and kill trees, but the ponds that result establish rich areas for birds and other wildlife.
- 32. Energy and Living Things 1. Describe photosynthesis. 2. What are food chains and food webs? 3. In terms of food webs or chains, what are producers, consumers, and decomposers?
- 33. Energy and Living Things Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food in their leaves. Plants use energy from the Sun in the form of sunlight, water brought in by the roots, and carbon dioxide from the air to produce sugar, which feeds the plant and supplies anything that eats the plant with food. Photosynthesis also produces the oxygen animals need to live. Plants are the producers in most food chains. In photosynthesis, plants use: sunlight water carbon dioxide Plants produce: sugar oxygen
- 34. Food Chains Food Webs Producers: Plants produce food using energy from the Sun, water from the ground, and carbon dioxide from the air. Consumers: Animals eat plants. Other animals eat animals. Decomposers: Fungi and bacteria break down dead plants and animals.
- 35. Food Chain Food Web
- 36. Works Cited for MCAS Science Review Slide Shows "Alaska Photographer Ron Niebrugge." Alaska Photographer Ron Niebrugge. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://wildnatureimages.com/>. "Bugman123.com - Paul Nylanderâ s Web Site." Bugman123.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.bugman123.com/>. "Carl Linnaeus." Carl Linnaeus. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. "CASES: (a Lesson Plan)." CASES: (a Lesson Plan). CASES, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://cases.soe.umich.edu/plans.php?nav=showplan>. "Earth Floor: Cycles." Earth Floor: Cycles. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html>. "ENCHANTED LEARNING HOME PAGE." ENCHANTED LEARNING HOME PAGE. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.enchantedlearning.com/>. "Engineering Design Process." Engineering Is Elementary®. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. "Fitting Algae Into the Food Web." Fitting Algae Into the Food Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.bigelow.org/edhab/fitting_algae.html>. "Food Chains - Geography For Kids - By KidsGeo.com." Food Chains - Geography For Kids - By KidsGeo.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0162-food-chains.php>. "Forms of Energy." EIA Energy Kids -. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.eia.gov/KIDS/energy.cfm?page=about_forms_of_energy-basics-k.cfm>. "GCSE.com: Revising Revision." GCSE.com: Revising Revision. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.gcse.com/>. "Global Trade Online - The World's Popular B2B Trade Marketplace." Global Trade Online - The World's Popular B2B Trade Marketplace. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.1st-product.com/>. "Heights Technology Blog." Heights Technology Blog RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://heightstechnology.edublogs.org/category/assignments-11- 12/>. "How the Moon Works." HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. "HowStuffWorks "Science"" HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/>. "Investment." : Evolution of Human. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.merriam-webster.com/>. "Patently Apple." 'Patently Apple' N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.patentlyapple.com/>. "Photo Gallery: Erosion and Weathering." National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. "Science Project Ideas, Information and Support for Science Fair Projects." Science Project Ideas, Information and Support for Science Fair Projects. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.scienceproject.com/>. Siegel, Ethan. "Dark Matter in Our Solar System." Starts with a Bang. N.p., 25 June 2008. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. "Solar Sam's® Innovations." Solar Sam's Innovations Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.solarsam.com/>. "StarChild: The Solar System." StarChild: The Solar System. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. "Tools Incorporated - Broussard LA - Oilfield Downhole Equipment - Rental Tools - Directional Drilling Equipment - Stabilizers - Mudmotors." Tools Incorporated - Broussard LA - Oilfield Downhole Equipment - Rental Tools - Directional Drilling Equipment - Stabilizers - Mudmotors. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://tools-inc.com/>. "Visual Dictionary." Visual Dictionary. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://www.infovisual.info/>. "Water Resources of Georgia." USGS Georgia Water Science Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. <http://ga.water.usgs.gov/>.
Editor's Notes
- #9: All plant growth occurs by cell division and cell elongation. Cell division occurs primarily in regions of undifferentiated cells known as meristems. Cell division in the apical meristems and subsequent elongation and maturation of the new cells produces primary growth. The other type of growth, secondary growth, is the increase in girth of stems and roots.