Construction phases
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The document outlines the various phases of a construction project, detailing the roles of clients, consultants, and contractors throughout planning, construction, and post-construction processes. It emphasizes the importance of documentation, such as bills of quantities and contracts, and the necessity for quality assurance and compliance with safety standards. Additionally, it addresses challenges faced during construction, including delays and responsibilities regarding inspections and approvals.
Construction phases
- 1. NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 4. PLANING/PRE-PLANING PHASE DESIGN PHASE PRE-CONSTRUCTUCTION CONSTRUCTION PHASE POST CONSTRUCTION/CLOSE OUT PHASE
- 5. CLIENT CONSULTANT CONTRUCTOR
- 6. CLIENT IS AN IMPORTANT PERSON IN CONSTRUCTION CLIENT IS THE ONE WHO INVEST MONEY CLIENT IS THE ONE WHO OWN THE PROJECT CLIENT LOOK AFTER PROJECT FROM STARTING TO END
- 7. CONSULTANT IS A PROFESSIONAL WHO PROVIDE PROFESSIONAL OR EXPERT ADVICE CLIENT CONTACT WITH CONSULTANT DIRECTLY FOR HIS/HER PROJECT. CONSULTANT IS A CONNECTING ROPE BETWEEN CLIENT AND CONTRACTOR. CONSULTANT PREPARE DRAWINGS, DOCUMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS
- 8. CONTRACTOR IS AN EXPERT OR PROFESSIONAL IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS WHO PLAY A LEADING ROLE DURING CONSTRUCTION. CONTRACTOR IS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH CONSULTANT. CONTRACTOR COME INTO PLAY FROM THE INTIAL STAGE UPTO THE LAST STAGE. CONTRACTOR CAN BE SOMETIMES CONSULTANT ALSO.
- 9. CLIENT • IDEA CONSULTANT • DOCUMENTS • DRAWINGS • TENDER NOTICE CONTRACTOR • PRIME CONTRACTOR • SUB CONTRACTOR
- 10. PLANNING ANY CONSTRUCTION PROJECT STARTS WITH THE DESIRE OF CLIENT/OWNER. MASTER PLAN CREATE AND SIGNED OFF BY OWNER.
- 11. MASTER PLAN INCLUDE FUNCTION, SIZE, ECONOMIC REQUIREMENT OF PROJECT, ALSO INCLUDE TIME DURATION AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY (PROJECT BUDGET AND FINANCING). SITE SELECTION.
- 13. CLIENT CONTACT CONSULTANT FOR DESIGNING OF THE PROJECT. ARCHITECT/ENGINEER TAKES THE LEAD IN DESIGN. ARCHITECT DESIGN 2D AND 3D DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PROJECT. HERE ARCHITECT PREPARES BILL OF QUANTITY.
- 14. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS INITIATE WITH THE AWARDING OF PROJECT TO THE CONTRACTOR. CONTRACTOR IN THIS PHASE IS A KEY PLAYER. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS CARRY ON UNLESS THE HANDLING OF PROJECT TO OWNER.
- 15. BIM is essentially "the process of generating and managing information about a building during its entire life cycle".
- 17. “BIDDING IS AN OFFER (OFTEN COMPETITIVE) OF SETTING A PRICE ONE IS WILLING TO PAY FOR SOMETHING OR A DEMAND THAT SOMETHING BE DONE. A PRICE OFFER IS CALLED A BID.”
- 18. BOND A TYPE OF SURETY BOND USED BY INVESTORS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS TO PROTECT AGAINST AN ADVERSE EVENT THAT CAUSES DISRUPTIONS, FAILURE TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT DUE TO INSOLVENCY OF THE BUILDER(S), OR THE JOB'S FAILURE TO MEET CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS.
- 20. BOQ A BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ) IS A DOCUMENT USED IN TENDERING IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN WHICH MATERIALS, PARTS, AND LABOR (AND THEIR COSTS) ARE ITEMIZED.
- 21. QUALITY ASSURANCE ASSURANCE OF QUALITY OF MATERIAL ETC BY SUPPLIER. CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT IS SIMPLY MUTUAL OR LEGALLY BINDING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO PARTIES BASED ON CERTAIN POLICIES AND CONDITIONS GENERALLY RECORDED IN DOCUMENTATION FORM. THE TWO PARTIES INVOLVED ARE OWNER AND CONTRACTOR.
- 24. AN INVITATION IS BEING SEND TO THE BIDDERS IN THE FORM OF TENDER NOTICE EITHER BY THE SENDING AN INVITATION LETTER OR BY GIVING AN ADVERTISEMENT IN THE NEWS PAPER OR ON THE WEBSITE. THE INTERESTED BIDDERS MUST NEED TO DEPOSIT SOME MONEY IN ORDER TO TAKE THE VOLUMES FROM THE CLIENT OR CONSULTANT. THIS MONEY IS USUALLY 25000 Rupees.
- 25. NORMALLY PEC HAS 3 VOLUMES FOR BOQ. VOLUME 1 VOLUME 2 VOLUME 3 BUT SOME FIRM USES VOLUME 4 AS WELL. VOLUME 4
- 26. CONDITION OF CONTRACT INVITATION LETTER INSTRUCTION TO BIDDER BIDDING DATA IT HAS DIFFERENT APPENDIX'S AND APPENDIX D IS OF BOQ. GCC IS ALSO THE PART OF V₁.
- 27. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS MATERIAL SOIL REPORT SECTION DETAIL
- 28. DRAWINGS ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
- 29. IT HAS EHS (ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SAFETY) GUIDELINES WORK PERMIT SYSTEM PI (PROJECT INSTRUCTION)
- 30. USUALLY THE LOWEST RESPONSIBLE BIDDER IS AWARDED THE PROJECT. NOC: NOC MEANS NO OBJECTION CERTIFICATE. AN NOC DATE IS GIVEN TO THE CONTRACTOR WHICH MEANS HE HAVE TO START HIS WORK UPON THE NOC DATE.
- 32. ACTING AS THE OWNER'S REPRESENTATIVE OR AGENT PROJECT PLANNING AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON PROJECT DELIVERY CONSTRUCTABILITY REVIEWS VALUE ENGINEERING DEVELOPING SCHEDULES
- 34. ESTABLISHING WORKING BUDGETS CONSULTING ON DESIGN, UTILITY AND BUILDING COSTS REVIEWING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS MONITORING CONTRACTOR AND DESIGN TEAM PERFORMANCE CONSTRUCTION PHASE SERVICES QUALITY CONTROL LITIGATION SUPPORT
- 36. CONTRACTOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING ALL OF THE MATERIAL, LABOR, EQUIPMENT (SUCH AS ENGINEERING VEHICLES AND TOOLS) AND SERVICES NECESSARY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT.
- 37. GENERAL CONTRACTOR HIRES SPECIALIZED SUBCONTRACTORS TO PERFORM ALL OR PORTIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTION WORK. HEALTH AND SAFETY
- 38. RESPONSIBILITIES MAY INCLUDE APPLYING FOR BUILDING PERMITS. SECURING THE PROPERTY. PROVIDING TEMPORARY UTILITIES ON SITE. MANAGING PERSONNEL ON SITE.
- 39. PROVIDING SITE SURVEYING AND ENGINEERING. DISPOSING OR RECYCLING OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE. MONITORING SCHEDULES AND CASH FLOWS. MAINTAINING ACCURATE RECORDS.
- 40. A joint venture (JV) is a business agreement in which the parties agree to develop, for a finite time, a new entity and new assets by contributing equity. They exercise control over the enterprise and consequently share revenues, expenses and assets. when two or more persons come together to form a temporary partnership for the purpose of carrying out a particular project, such partnership can also be called a joint venture where the parties are "co-venturers".
- 41. Topographic survey: It helps to locate the NSL with the MSL reference Clearing and grubbing: Clearing and grubbing process occur on the Natural Surface Level (NSL) then to achieve NGL(Natural Ground Level) the compaction of NSL is carried out. FDT: Field density test of the soil is then took place which is the compaction of embankment layers and this test is done for each layer separately.
- 42. Problems face by the contractor during construction: There might be a number of problems e.g. •Strikes •Shortage of fuel •Equipment’s failure •Weather conditions •Any mishap on field The contractor must need to report the consultant in case of any work delay.
- 43. Project Inspector: Meanwhile, member of the consultant always remain on site for the quality assurance and monitoring of safety factors. The QA/QC and EHS are also the contractor’s responsibility .Before the starting of any new work the contractor is bound to have a consultant’s sign on the check request. Without his permission no work can be started on the field. He only signs the check request after all the test results comes positive and when he is completely satisfied by the contractor’s work. The IPC Reports: There might be a number of IPC reports. IPC stands for In- term Payment Certificate. It’s the demand of money by the contractor to the client after the completion of the amount of work mentioned in the contract.
- 44. • Substantial completion • Once the project is sufficiently complete, the contractor will ask the architect to conduct a substantial completion inspection to confirm that the work is complete in most respects. • Contractor implies that the work is complete enough for the owner to occupy the facility and start using it, even though there might be cosmetic and minor work yet to be completed. • Punch list • List of incomplete portions of the work (to be completed) • The punch list, which is prepared by the contractor, is used by the engineer as a checklist to review all work, not merely the incomplete portions of the work.
- 45. Post-Construction (Project Closeout) Phase: • Certificate of final completion: • After the contractor carries out all the corrective work identified during the substantial completion inspection and so informs the architect, the architect (with the assistance of the consultants) carries out the final inspection of the project. • If the final inspection passes, certification for final payment is issued by the architect, which entitles the contractor to receive the final payment from the owner.
- 46. Record documents (As‐built documents)): • Minor changes are often made during the construction of a project. • Changes must be recorded for the benefit of the owner should the owner wish to alter or expand the building in the future.
Editor's Notes
- #27: GCC is also the part of V₁ but is not provided to bidder because every 1 has its own GCC copy… no one can change or overwrite it. In order to customize the GCC, PCC forms on the same format as GCC.