Camels Rating
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The CAMELS rating system is used by US regulators to evaluate the overall condition of banks based on their Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management, Earnings, Liquidity, and Sensitivity to market risk. It rates banks on a scale of 1 to 5 based on an analysis of their financial statements and on-site examinations, with 1 being the strongest. The ratings are used to determine a bank's stability and identify weaknesses as well as allocate supervisory resources.
Camels Rating
- 2. WHAT IT ISThe CAMELS ratings or Camels rating is a US supervisory rating of the bank's overall condition used to classify the nation’s 8,500 banks. This rating is based on financial statements of the bank and on-site examination by regulators like the Fed, the OCC and FDIC.
- 3. The CAMEL Rating System was adopted by NCUA in October 1987. It is used as an internal tool to measure risk and allocate resources for supervision purposes.The last version of the CAMEL Rating System was published in Letter to Credit Unions No. 161, dated December 1994 .CAMEL BACKGROUND
- 4. Purpose of CAMELS ratingsThe purpose of CAMELS ratings is to determine a bank’s overall condition and to identify its strengths and weaknesses:FinancialOperationalManagerial
- 5. The scale is from 1 to 5 with 1 being strongest and 5 being weakest.Banks with a rating of 1 are considered most stable; banks with a rating of 2 or 3 are considered average, and those with rating of 4 or 5 are considered below average, and are closely monitored to ensure their viability. CAMEL RATINGS
- 6. STRONG-indicative of performance that is significantly higher than average. SATISFACTORY- reflects performance that is average or above. FAIR- represents performance that is flawed to some degree. MARGINAL- reflects performance that is significantly at below average.UNSATISFACTORY- indicative of performance that is critically deficient and in need of immediate remedial attention.CAMELS NUMERICAL RATINGS
- 7. Each bank is accorded a composite rating that is predicated upon the evaluation of the specific performance dimensions. The composite rating is also based upon a scale of 1 through 5 in ascending order of supervisory concern. The CAMELS rating components have the following weights: Capital Adequacy 20%, Asset Quality 20%, Management 25%, Earnings 15%, Liquidity 10% Sensitivity to market risk 10%. CAMELS COMPOSITE RATINGS
- 8. Five categories of composite ratings:
- 10. It is being used by the United States government in response to the global financial crisis of 2008 to help it decide which banks to provide special help for and which to not as part of its capitalization program authorized by the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.WHY IT IS USED
- 12. COMPONENTS?Its purpose is to provide an accurate and consistent assessment of a credit union’s financial condition and operations in the areas(C) Capital adequacy,(A) Asset quality,(M) Management,(E) Earnings,(L) Liquidity and(S) Sensitivity to market risk
- 13. Nature and volume of problem assets in relation to total capital and adequacy of LLR and other reservesBalance sheet structure including off balance sheet items, market and concentration riskNature of business activities and risks to the bankAsset and capital growth experience and prospectsEarnings performance and distribution of dividendsCapital requirements and compliance with regulatory requirementsAccess to capital markets and sources of capitalAbility of management to deal with above factorsRating factors for CAPITAL
- 14. Volume of problem of all assets Volume of overdue or rescheduled loansAbility of management to administer all the assets of the bank and to collect problem loansLarge concentrations of loans and insiders loans, diversification of investmentsLoan portfolio management, written policies, procedures internal control, Management Information SystemLoan Loss Reserves in relation to problem credits and other assetsGrowth of loans volume in relation to the bank’s capacity Rating factors for ASSET QUALITY
- 15. Quality of the monitoring and support of the activities by the board and management and their ability to understand and respond to the risks associated with these activities in the present environment and to plan for the futureFinancial performance of the bank with regards to the other CAMELS ratings Development and implementation of written policies, procedures, MIS, risk monitoring system, reporting, safeguarding of documents, contingency plan and compliance with laws and regulations controlled by a compliance officer Availability of internal and external audit functionConcentration or delegation of authorityCompensations policies, job descriptionsResponse to CBI concerns and recommendationsOverall performance of the bank and its risk profileRating factors for MANAGEMENT
- 16. Sufficient earnings to cover potential losses, provide adequate capital and pay reasonable dividendsComposition of net income. Volume and stability of the componentsLevel of expenses in relation to operationsReliance on extraordinary items, securities transactions, high risk activitiesNon traditional or operational sourcesAdequacy of budgeting, forecasting, control MIS of income and expensesAdequacy of provisionsEarnings exposure to market risks, such as interest rate variations, foreign exchange fluctuations and price riskRating factors for EARNINGS
- 17. Sources and volume of liquid funds available to meet short term obligationsVolatility of deposits and loan demandInterest rates and maturities of assets and liabilitiesAccess to money market and other sources of fundsDiversification of funding sourcesReliance on inter-bank market for short term fundingManagement ability to plan, control and measure liquidity process. MIS.Contingency planRating factors for LIQUIDITY
- 18. Market risk is based primarily on the following evaluation factors:Sensitivity to adverse changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, fixed assetsNature of the operations of the bankTrends in the foreign currencies exposureChanges in the value of the fixed assets of the bankImportance of real estate assets resulting from loans write offAbility of management to identify, measure and control the market risks given the bank exposure to these risksRating factors for SENSITIVITY TO MARKET
- 20. THANK YOUGroup - PHOENIXParveenBariHardik ShahJhumjhumGuhaSouryaKunduSonaliLaha
Editor's Notes
- #3: It is a standardized method which allows the assessment of the quality of banks according to standard criteria providing a meaningful rating.
- #7: Each element is assigned a numerical rating based on five key components:1Strong performance, sound management, no cause for supervisory concern2Fundamentally sound, compliance with regulations, stable, limited supervisory needs3Weaknesses in one or more components, unsatisfactory practices, weak performance but limited concern for failure4Serious financial and managerial deficiencies and unsound practices. Need close supervision and remedial action5Extremely unsafe practices and conditions, deficiencies beyond management control. Failure is highly probable and outside financial assistance needed
- #8: Banks with a composite rating of “1” are sound in all aspects, Banks with a composite rating of 2 are fundamentally sound; Banks rated “3” generally have weaknesses in one or more component areas that if not corrected within a reasonable time frame could result in significant solvency or liquidity concerns. Banks rated “4” indicate serious unsafe and unsound practices and serious financial or managerial deficiencies that result in unsatisfactory performance. Banks rated “5” exhibit extremely unsafe and unsound practices or conditions, critically deficient performance and their risk management practices are inadequate.
- #13: (a) Capital Adequacy :Capital adequacy is measured by the ratio of capital to risk-weighted assets (CRAR). A sound capital base strengthens confidence of depositors (b) Asset Quality : One of the indicators for asset quality is the ratio of non-performing loans to total loans (GNPA). The gross non-performing loans to gross advances ratio is more indicative of the quality of credit decisions made by bankers. Higher GNPA is indicative of poor credit decision-making.(c) Management : The ratio of non-interest expenditures to total assets (MGNT) can be one of the measures to assess the working of the management. . This variable, which includes a variety of expenses, such as payroll, workers compensation and training investment, reflects the management policy stance. (d) Earnings : It can be measured as the the return on asset ratio. (e) Liquidity : Cash maintained by the banks and balances with central bank, to total asset ratio (LQD) is an indicator of bank's liquidity. In general, banks with a larger volume of liquid assets are perceived safe, since these assets would allow banks to meet unexpected withdrawals. (f) Systems and Control