Bluetooth Technology -- detailed explanation
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This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology, including its history, core concepts, and advantages/disadvantages. Bluetooth was created in the 1990s as a wireless alternative to data cables that operates using short-range radio waves. It allows for connectivity between devices like phones, headphones, speakers within about 30 feet. While convenient for eliminating wires, Bluetooth has limitations like short range, slow speeds, and potential security issues. However, newer versions continue improving its capabilities to remain relevant as a wireless standard.
![References
[1] Future Of Bluetooth Technology
by Justin Blasdin, Kian Pokorny
[2] Security Comparison: BluetoothTM Communications vs. 802.11
Thomas G. Xydis Ph.D, Simon Blake-Wilson
[3] Bluetooth dot dot attacks
By John F.David, Michael Barclay
[4] Bluetooth : A Technology in Demand
By Aniston Roger, Siamonds Lee
[5] Bluetooth Era
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth
[6] Blue Tooth
http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/bluetooth/features/bluetooth.html
[7] Introduction To Bluetooth
http://www.gsmfavorites.com/documents/bluetooth/introduction/
[8] Advantages Of Bluetooth
http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Are-The-Advantages-Of-Bluetooth-Technology?&id=562666
[9] Bluetooth vs. Wi-Fi Technology
http://www.smallbusinesscomputing.com/webmaster/article.php/3331421
[10] Hack Device via Bluetooth without owner’s permission
http://www.wonderhowto.com/how-to/video/how-to-hack-a-cell-phone-to-make-free- phone-calls-218649/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/projectworkbyme-sennet-130923230304-phpapp02/85/Bluetooth-Technology-detailed-explanation-34-320.jpg)
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Bluetooth Technology -- detailed explanation
- 1. lakshmi narayana.C Abhimat mishra Siva pradeep B-TECH VIT UNIVERSITY Presented By :-
- 2. Contents Introduction History Technology Review Bluetooth vs Other Wireless Technologies Advantages of Bluetooth Technology Disadvantages of Bluetooth Technology Future of Bluetooth Conclusion References
- 3. Introduction
- 4. Introduction Definition Bluetooth is a short-range and low power wireless technology originally developed for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs). Short-range radio frequency technology that operates at 2.4 GHz on an unlicensed Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band. Effective range of Bluetooth devices is 10 meters. It was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to data cables.
- 5. Cordless headset Cell phone mouse Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access
- 6. History The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Bluetooth, he had been influential in uniting Scandinavian tribes into a single kingdom. Bluetooth was named so because 1) Bluetooth technology was developed in Scandinavia. 2) Bluetooth technology is able to unite differing industries such as the cell phone, computing, and automotive markets.
- 8. Technology Review Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum. Supports data rate of 1 Mb/s(originally). The Bluetooth specifications are developed and licensed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG).
- 9. Classes Of Bluetooth Bluetooth devices are classified according to three different power classes, as shown in the following table.
- 10. PiconetsDefinition “Two or more Bluetooth units sharing the same channel” One device acts as a master and the devices connected to it act as slaves. Slaves can not directly send data to each other. In effect, the master acts as a switch for the piconet and all traffic must pass through the master. There can be up to 7 active slaves in a piconet but only one master.
- 12. Cell phone Cordless headset Cordless headset Cell phone Cordless headset Cell phone mouse Master Active Slave
- 13. Scatternets DEFINITION “A set of two or more interconnected piconets form scatternets.” A Bluetooth unit can be a slave in two or more piconets, but it can be a master in only one. Devices that participate in two or more piconets may act as “gateways.” Bluetooth units can only transmit and receive data in one piconet at a time. Piconets may be identified by the master's identity and clock. Devices give notification of inactivation to master before becoming inactive in its piconet for a finite length of time.
- 15. Application Framework and Support Link Manager and L2CAP Radio & Baseband Host Controller Interface RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP TCP/IP HID RFCOMM Applications Data Control Bluetooth Protocols
- 16. Bluetooth Protocols Radio Protocol Responsible for the modulation and demodulation of data into RF signals. The radio layer describes the physical characteristics a Bluetooth device’s receiver-transmitter component must have. BASEBAND PROTOCOL Responsible for channel coding and decoding. Digitizes the signals received by the radio for passing up the stack. Formats the data it receives from the Link Controller (upper protocol) for transmission over the channel. Link Controller Responsible for establishing and maintaining the links between Bluetooth units.
- 17. Bluetooth Protocols The Link Manager Protocol (LMP) Handles link setup, authentication, link configuration and security procedures. Establishes all connections with the help of baseband protocol. Host Controller Interface The Host Controller Interface (HCI) defines uniform methods for accessing and controlling the lower layers of the protocol stack (baseband and the link manager). Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) Responsible for: Establishing connections across existing ACL (Asynchronous Connection- oriented) links or requesting an ACL link if one does not already exist. Allow many different applications to use a single ACL link through multiplexing. Repackaging the data packets it receives from the higher layers into the form expected by the lower layers.
- 18. Bluetooth Protocols Service Discovery Protocol Defines procedures for Discovering services of other devices. Determining the characteristics of those services. Telephony Control Protocol Specification (TCS) defines call Control signaling for establishing speech and data calls between Bluetooth devices, providing them with telephony services. Object Exchange Protocol Is a specification for Object data exchange over IR(InfraRed links). Examples for using OBEX include exchanging business cards and synchronizing calendar applications.
- 19. Bluetooth vs Other Wireless Technologies
- 20. Bluetooth vs Other Wireless Technologies
- 22. Different phases of Bluetooth Hands free kit connection Discovery Pairing Detection of Profiles Connection Data Synchronisation Hello, I am looking for bluetooth devices Hello, I am an available Bluetooth device
- 23. Different phases of Bluetooth Hands free kit connection Discovery Pairing Detection of Profiles Connection Data Synchronisation What is your authentification Code ? 1234… This code has to be typed on your keyboard Ok ! Now we are paired
- 24. Different phases of Bluetooth Hands free kit connection Discovery Pairing Detection of Profiles Connection Data Synchronisation What type of profile do you support ? I can do headset and hands-free. What about you ?
- 25. Different phases of Bluetooth Hands free kit connection Discovery Pairing Detection of Profiles Connection Data Synchronisation Ok, we are now connected in Hands-free. I can do hands-free.
- 26. Different phases of Bluetooth Hands free kit connection Discovery Pairing Detection of Profiles Connection Data Synchronization To complete my phonebook, I have to synchronise with your contacts Ok, I transfer my 163 contacts.
- 27. The Hands Free synchronizes its phonebook with the contacts on the mobile phone. The phonebook is vocally available at any time through Voice Recognition, Text To Speech & Voice Tags. Synchronization is done only once (at first connection). Phonebook synchronization Automatic Alessandro Del Piero Gianluigi Buffon Fabio Cannavaro Fabio Grosso Tiago David Trezeguet Alessandro Del Piero Gianluigi Buffon Fabio Cannavaro Fabio Grosso Tiago David Trezeguet
- 28. Bluetooth Technology Advantages and Disadvantages
- 29. Advantages Eliminates wires Facilitates Data and Voice Communication Offers formation of Ad hoc networks Standardized protocol Free of charge Easy to use Low power consumes battery less Stationary and mobile environments
- 30. Disadvantages Relatively short range Less secure Interference with other devices Mediocre Data rates Bluetooth internet connection gets slow sometimes
- 32. Future Of Bluetooth Bluetooth has a good future ahead because it meets a basic need of connectivity. Currently a protocol is being researched that would support large ad hoc networks. Latest version of Bluetooth are improving both its security and capabilities. Ultra wide band has been chosen by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group as the future of Bluetooth Technology. New versions of Bluetooth technology will meet the high-speed and large range. Many companies are designing impressive bluetooth applications in demand.
- 33. Conclusion A new global standard for data and voice Eliminates Cables. Low Power, Low range, Low Cost network devices. Bluetooth seems to have a bright future after reviewing its benefits and wide use. Further improvements are planned to be made in Data Rates Power Reduction Range
- 34. References [1] Future Of Bluetooth Technology by Justin Blasdin, Kian Pokorny [2] Security Comparison: BluetoothTM Communications vs. 802.11 Thomas G. Xydis Ph.D, Simon Blake-Wilson [3] Bluetooth dot dot attacks By John F.David, Michael Barclay [4] Bluetooth : A Technology in Demand By Aniston Roger, Siamonds Lee [5] Bluetooth Era http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth [6] Blue Tooth http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/bluetooth/features/bluetooth.html [7] Introduction To Bluetooth http://www.gsmfavorites.com/documents/bluetooth/introduction/ [8] Advantages Of Bluetooth http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Are-The-Advantages-Of-Bluetooth-Technology?&id=562666 [9] Bluetooth vs. Wi-Fi Technology http://www.smallbusinesscomputing.com/webmaster/article.php/3331421 [10] Hack Device via Bluetooth without owner’s permission http://www.wonderhowto.com/how-to/video/how-to-hack-a-cell-phone-to-make-free- phone-calls-218649/
- 35. Thank you for your presence
Editor's Notes
- #4: First we move towards the introduction
- #5: RS232 data cables
- #9: FHSS Chops up the data being sent and transmits chunks of it on up to 79 frequencies. 1600 hops/sec- time slot is defined as 625 microseconds Packet 1-5 time slots long FHSS is used to minimize the risk of such interference with systems operating on this Band such as microwave ovens, baby monitors and 802.11 wireless networks. GFSK When we jump from (1,-1 or -1,1), mod waveform changes rapidly, introducing large out of bound spectrum.(no overshoot to a step function input ) Uses Gaussian filter (uses G.Function) to limit its spectral width. GFSK = Baseband pulses(-1,1) gaussian filter FSK modulator FSK = Baseband pulses(-1,1) FSK modulator 1Mb/s with overhead, this effectively becomes 721 kbps. SIG 5 companies joined to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1998. First specification released in July 1999
- #10: Most powerful devices Infrared IrDA (WPAN) : synchronization, link between a phone and a laptop… – Less flexible than Bluetooth, need of a line of site – Comparable data rate Wi-Fi (WLAN) : Wireless LAN access – Far higher bandwidth and data rate than Bluetooth – Higher power consumption than Bluetooth – Requires infrastructure investment
- #11: The slaves in a piconet can only have links to the master. Slaves cannot directly transmit data to one another
- #13: IBM Research P. Bhgwat
- #14: Devices that participate in two or more piconets may act as gateways, forwarding traffic from one piconet to another Bluetooth units can only transmit and receive data in one piconet at a time. As devices in mulltiple piconets divide their time between the piconets, spending some time slots in one and some time slots in another on TDM basis. Devices give notification of inactivation to master that it will be inactive for a predetermined length of time. The device will then have to re-synchronize its clock with its other master. When a slave becomes inactive in a piconet, communications between masters and the other active slaves go on as normal. On the other hand, when a master becomes inactive in its piconet, the slaves will have to wait for it to be active again before communication can resume.
- #17: The radio layer describes the physical characteristics a Bluetooth device’s receiver-transmitter component must have. These include modulation characteristics, radio frequency tolerance, and sensitivity level.
- #18: See ACL links
- #19: See ACL links OBEX The Object Exchange Protocol (OBEX) is a specification for object data exchange over infrared (IR) links. Examples for using OBEX include exchanging business cards and synchronizing calendar applications.
- #21: Infrared IrDA (WPAN) : synchronization, link between a phone and a laptop… – Less flexible than Bluetooth, need of a line of site – Comparable data rate Wi-Fi (WLAN) : Wireless LAN access – Far higher bandwidth and data rate than Bluetooth – Higher power consumption than Bluetooth – Requires infrastructure investment
- #22: Enough said
- #30: Standardized protocol supports interoperability of devices of different types.
- #31: Interference with other devices that use the same frequency such as baby monitors, microwave over etc. FHSS is used to avoid it.
- #33: Many companies are designing and researching impressive bluetooth applications in demand so this shows it has a bright future and it would be difficult for other technology to overcome.
- #35: ACL links and SCO links Inquires who’s there Paging creates a link in piconet Expanding a piconet by excessive pages