Role of non government organizations in disaster management
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NGOs and CBOs play an important role in disaster management by providing assistance in all phases of disaster management. In the pre-disaster phase, they assist with awareness generation, education, and disaster preparedness activities. During disasters, they provide emergency relief such as food, shelter, medical aid, and debris removal. In post-disaster recovery, NGOs help with reconstruction, restoration of livelihoods, and monitoring of recovery programs. While NGOs enhance disaster response, there remains opportunities to improve coordination, transparency, accessibility to remote areas, and a focus on the most vulnerable groups.
Role of non government organizations in disaster management
- 1. ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS(NGO’s) AND COMMUNITY BASED ORGANISATION(CBOs) IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
- 2. Introduction • “NGO‟s are Non – profit organizations or associations of private citizens with a common interest to assist the disaster affected people”. • NGOs play and important role in disaster response, mitigation, disaster reduction and recuse, coordination indifferent regions. • NGO response focused on emergency food relief, temporary shelter, emergency medical aid, debris removal and habitat restoration, trauma counseling, and raising families. • The shift is from a relief centric approach to a multi dimensional endeavor involving diverse scientific, engineering financial and social processes to adopt a multi disciplinary and multi-sectoral approach. • Provides support like health, education, water supply and sanitation, shelter and infrastructure, restoration o f livelihood, food security and nutrition, environment, etc.,
- 3. • NGOs are active in responding to various disasters in different phases. • In the pre – disaster phase should include awareness generation, education, training, and formation of village level Task Force. Disaster Management Committees and Teams, development of Disaster Management Plans, conduct of mock drills, vulnerability assessment and coordination with Government and non government agencies. • Play a key role in the immediate aftermath of disasters by extending assistance in rescue and first aid, sanitation and hygiene, damage assessment and assistance to external agencies bringing relief materials. • During the post disaster phase, the NGOs can take a lead by providing technical and material support for safe construction, revival of educational institutions and restoration of means of livelihood and assist the government in monitoring the pace of implementation for various reconstruction and recovery program me.
- 4. • NGOs have also started to collaborate with corporate entities in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the field of DM at State, District and Sub-district levels. • NGOs are organizations registered under various Indian laws such as the Societies Registration Act, 1860, Section 25(1) of Companies Act, 1956 meant for non-profit companies, or State- specific Public Charitable Trust Acts. • NGOs have also come together through networks, coalitions and alliances so as to offer value added humanitarian services, notable examples being Voluntary Health Association of India (VHAI), Voluntary Action Network India (VANI), Sphere India, Alliance for Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (AADRR), and Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA).
- 5. Opportunities Numerous opportunities that are provided by the NGOs, as given below, which need to be optimally utilized. Setting up a Functional NGO Coordination Platform during non – emergency times NGO institutional arrangements Common accessibility to disaster affected areas Focus on the most vulnerable Setting and Committing to Minim um standards by NGO
- 6. Inadequate adherence to humanitarian standards and good practices Lack of clear exit strategy during transition Neglect of Rural Urban Diversity and Primacy of Attention to Rural Areas: Inadequate transparency and accountability to donors and disaster affected communities Weak Coordination Brief time - spans for relief interventions Neglect of remote and inaccessible disaster – affected areas
- 7. Action Points 1.Geographic spread of NGOs Develop a database of NGOs at all levels working on disaster management focusing on geographic outreach and thematic capacities of the organizations (Action DDMAs with the help of NGOs) 2. Volume of support provided by NGOs Compile statistics on quantum of support provided by NGOs at all levels, both international and national (Action NDMA, SDMAs and DDMAs) 3. Institutional mechanisms Establish meaningful engagement with concerned government bodies such as Planning Commission Finance Commission, NDMA, nodal ministries, state level bodies, district level bodies, local level bodies and other stakeholders. (Action: National, State and District NGO Task Forces in DM)
- 8. 4. Coordination Establishing inter agency mechanisms for coordination and networking activities (information and knowledge management, training and capacity building, collaborative advocacy, quality and accountability) at all levels ( Action NDMA, SDMAs and DDMAs) 5. Accessibility Establish protocols for cooperation and ensure access to the affected areas with support from government agencies at respective levels like NDRF and SDRF that have good logistics base to reach inaccessible areas (Action: NDMA, SDMAs and DDMAs) 6. Community participation Ensure community participation in assessment, planning, implementation and monitoring of activities at all levels (Action: NDMA, SDMAS and DDMAS) 7. Focus on most vulnerable rather than only on epicenter National level: Advocate will all actors to reach out to gap areas State level: Coordinate among actors to identify gap areas.
- 9. Military IOs Religion Business Host Countries Government NGOs Zone of Collaboration/Coordination
- 10. Core values • Neutrality • Aid (help) will not be used to further a particular political or religious standpoint. • Accountability • Impartiality • Aid is given regardless of race, creed (a faith) , or nationality. • Aid is based on need alone. • Independence • Aid agencies shall not act as instruments of government foreign policy.
- 13. Role of armed forces PROVISION OF AID TO CIVIL AUTHORITY WHEN CALLED UPON TO DO SO FOR MAINTENANCE OF LAW AND ORDER, HUMANITARIAN AID AND ASSISTANCE DURING DISASTERS AND CALAMITIES OR ANY OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES INCLUDING MAINTENANCE OF ESSENTIAL SERVICES.
- 14. TypesofAssistance. Command & Control infrastructure including communication. Medical Aid Logistics backup for transport of relief Relief camp establishing Construction/repair of roads &bridges Maintenance of essential services Evacuation
- 15. Judicious use Immediate response. Command of troops No menial task Requisition of aid on task basis Liaison & coordination Advance planning & training Integration of all resources Guidingprinciples