Amaurosis fugax is a transient monocular blindness or loss of vision that lasts only a few seconds or minutes. It is caused by a temporary interruption of blood flow to the retina, which can be due to conditions like carotid artery disease, atherosclerosis, or high blood pressure. Symptoms include a curtain or dimming of vision in one eye. Tests like carotid ultrasound and eye/neurological exams are used to diagnose the condition and check for risks of stroke. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medication, and potentially surgery to remove blockages, with the goal of preventing permanent vision loss and further health issues.