ColdFusion ORM - Advanced : Adobe Max 2009

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Copyright 2009 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. Adobe confidential. 1
www.rupeshk.org/blog
rukumar
Advanced ColdFusion-ORM
#adobemax348
Rupesh Kumar
Senior Computer Scientist
Adobe Systems Inc.

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Agenda
 ORM Basics
 Demo
 Advanced Mapping
 What happens internally
 Transaction & concurrency control
 Caching & optimization
 Event Handling
 Auto-generation of tables
 Q & A

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ORM Basics
 Object - Relational Mapping
 A persistence framework to map objects to the relational database
without writing SQL.
 A programming technique for converting data between incompatible
type systems in relational databases and object-oriented programming
languages.
 ColdFusion ORM – based on Hibernate
 One of the most mature and popular persistence framework

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EMPLOYEES
EmployeeID(PK)
LastName
FirstName
Title
Database Model – Employees
ORDERS
OrderID(PK)
EmployeeID
OrderDate
1
n
ADDRESSES
AddressID(PK)
HouseNumber
Street
City
State
Country
EmployeeID
TERRITORIES
TerritoryID(PK)
TerritoryDescription
EMPLOYEETERRITORIES
EmployeeID(PK)
TerritoryID(PK)
1
1
m
n

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Demo
 ORM Settings
 Mapping a Simple CFC
 CRUD Methods
 Relationships

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Advanced Mapping
 Collection Mapping
 Inheritance Mapping
 Embedded Mapping
 Join Mapping
 Using Hibernate mapping files directly

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Inheritance Mapping
 Three Types
 Table per hierarchy
Payment
+ID
+Amount
+Date
CreditCardPayme
nt
+CardNo
+CardType
ChequePayment
+ChequeNo
+bankName
+City
ID <<PK>>
Amount
Date
PaymentType
(discriminator)
CardNo
CardType
ChequeNo
BankName
City
Payment Table

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Inheritance Mapping
 Three Types
 Table per subclass
Payment
+ID
+Amount
+Date
CreditCardPayme
nt
+CardNo
+CardType
ChequePayment
+ChequeNo
+bankName
+City
ID <<PK>>
Amount
Date
Payment Table
PaymentID
CardNo
CardType
CreditCardPayment Table
PaymentId
ChequeNo
BankName
City
Cheque Payment Table

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Inheritance Mapping
 Three Types
 Table per subclass
 Table per subclass with discriminator
Payment
+ID
+Amount
+Date
CreditCardPayme
nt
+CardNo
+CardType
ChequePayment
+ChequeNo
+bankName
+City
ID <<PK>>
Amount
Date
PaymentType
(discriminator)
Payment Table
PaymentID
CardNo
CardType
CreditCardPayment Table
PaymentId
ChequeNo
BankName
City
Cheque Payment Table

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Join Mapping
 Useful when using one CFC for multiple tables
<cfcomponent persistent="true“ table=“Person”>
<cfproperty name="id">
<cfproperty name="name">
<cfproperty name="city"
table="Address” joincolumn=“personId">
<cfproperty name="country"
table="Address“ joincolumn=“personId">
</cfcomponent>
ADDRESS
PersonID
HouseNumber
Street
City
State
Country
Person
ID(PK)
Name
email

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Application
Start
ORM
Enable
d?
Proceed
with other
activities
false
true
Create/Load
Hibernate
configuration if
specified
Load Hibernate
mapping files
(*.hbmxml)
Search for persistent
CFCs
Generate Hibernate
Mapping for
persistent CFCs
DatabaseInspect
Generate DDL
based on dbcreate
Build Hibernate
Session Factory
Proceed
with other
activities
ORM Initialization

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ORM Session
 Represents a unit of work – typically a transaction
 All the ORM operations happen in a session
 Provides First Level Caching
 Ensures a single instance of an entity.
 Tracks changes made to the objects
 SQLs are executed when session is flushed
 Typically when the transaction is committed or when the request completes
 Can use ORMFlush to force
 Automatically managed by CF
 In most cases, you don’t need to worry about it

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ORM Session Management
New Request
New ORM Session
Call ORMFlush
Close Session
Batch all the operations
Application
Start

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ORM Session Management – Transactions
17
New Request
New ORM Session
Application
Start
Call ORMFlush
Close ORM Session
New ORM Session
Call ORMFlush
Close ORM Session
Batch all the operations

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Object States
 Transient
 Persistent
 Detached
EntityNew()/ new()/
CreateObject
Transient Entity
Persistent Entities
EntitySave()
DB
Detached
Session ends
EntityLoad
ORMExecuteQuery
EnityMerge
EntityDelete
EntitySave
Session

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Concurrency Control
 Optimistic lock for high concurrency
 Update only if the entity is not modified by other thread or externally.
 optimisticlock attribute on cfc
 All
 All properties are included in where clause of update
Update myTbl set col1= newVal, col2= newVal2
where col1= oldVal and col2= oldVal2
 Dirty
 Includes only modified fields in the current session
 Version (default)
 Checks only version or timestamp column
<cfproperty name="lastModified“ fieldtype="timestamp|version“>
 None
 You can also choose the property for dirty check.

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Fetching Strategy
 Immediate fetching
 Fetch target relationship in a separate SQL, immediately
<cfproperty name=“emp" fieldtype="one-to-many" cfc=“order"
fkcolumn=“EMPID“ lazy="false" fetch="select">
 Lazy fetching
 Default strategy, lazy=true
 On demand, fetch related entities
 Lazy = “extra” gets pk of orders and then all order columns from db
 Eager fetching
 Fetch together in a single SQL, fetch=“join”
 Useful for 1:1 frequently used relationships
 Batch fetching
 When fetching relationship, get some more that maybe required later
 Get Addr1 for emp101, plus address for emp102, 103 etc from the table depending on
batch size

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Caching
 Session Level
 Ensures a single instance for a given ID
 EntityLoad fetches data for the first time
 Data is cached for the session
 Next request in the same session will use cached data
 EntityReload re-fetches
 Secondary Level Cache

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Secondary Level Cache
 Caches data across sessions
 In-memory/disk/clustered
 Pluggable cache impls
 Default - EHCache
 Component Caching
 Collection Caching
 Query Caching
Secondary Cache
…

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Secondary Level caching ...
 Configuration in Application.cfc
 ormsettings.secondarycacheenabled
 ormsettings.Cacheprovider
 JBossCache, OSCache, SwarmCache, Hashtable, DEFAULT - ehcache
 ormsettings.cacheconfig
 Appropriate config file for cache, e.g. ehcache.xml
 In ORM cfc
 “cacheuse” defines caching strategy
 “cahcename” cache region, a bucket for this data
<cfcomponent persistent="true“
cachename=“foo_region" cacheuse="read-only">

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Caching - examples
 Component
 <cfcomponent persistent="true“
cachename=“foo_region" cacheuse="read-only">
 Relationship
 Primary Key of the associated object is cached
 The associated object itself is cached if coded as above
<cfproperty name="arts" fieldtype="one-to-many“
cachename="foo_region" cacheuse="read-write">
 Query data
ORMExecuteQuery("from Art where issold=0", {}, false,
{cacheable=true, cachename=“foo_region"});

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Caching – cacheuse
 Read-only
 Best performance for read only data
 Nonrestrict-read-write
 Use when data is updated occasionally
 Read-write
 Use if your data needs to be updated
 More overhead than the two preceding strategies
 Transactional
 Transactional cache
 Can only be used if the cache provider is transaction aware

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Caching - cleanup
 ORMEvictEntity
ORMEvictEntity("<component_name>", [primarykey])
 ORMEvictCollection
ORMEvictCollection("<component_name>", "<relation_name>",
[primarykey])
 ORMEvictQueries
ORMEvictQueries([cachename])

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Event Handling
 Set ormsettings.eventhandling=“true”
 CFC level
 preinsert and postinsert
 predelete and postdelete
 preupdate and postupdate
 preload and postload
 Application Level
 Set ormsettings.eventhandler=“AppEventHandler.cfc”
 Should implement the CFIDE.orm.IEventHandler interface

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Auto-generating tables
 Tables created on Application startup
 ormsettings.dbcreate
 Update – create new or update if table exists
 Dropcreate – drop and then create table
 None – do nothing
 ormsettings.sqlscript
 Executes the sql script at the time of table creation.

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Naming Strategy
 Defines the strategy for naming tables and columns
 ormsettings.namingStrategy
 Default – CFC/property name matches table/column name
 Smart – camel cased name is uppercased with “_” between words.
 CFC “OrderProduct” is “ORDER_PRODUCT”, OrderID is “ORDER_ID”
 Your own CFC that implements cfide.orm.INamingStrategy
Component UCaseStrategy implements cfide.orm.INamingStrategy
{
public string function getTableName(string tableName)
{
return Ucase(tableName);
}
public string function getColumnName(string columnName)
{
return Ucase(columnName);
}
}

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Q & A

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Thank You !
- rukumar@adobe.com
- http://www.rupeshk.org

ColdFusion ORM - Advanced : Adobe Max 2009

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