1 IGARSS 2011 JPSS Monday Goldberg.pptx
- 1. NOAA’s Joint Polar Satellite System and the NPP Satellite: Delivering the Next Generation of Environmental Earth ObservationsMitch Goldberg, JPSS Program Scientist (JPSS NOAA)James Gleason, JPSS Project Scientist (JPSS NASA)Robert Murphy, Carl Hoffman (JPSS DPA) John Furgerson, JPSS User Liaison (JPSS NOAA)
- 2. PRESIDENTIAL DECISION 2 FEB 2010NPOESS Program Terminated 30 Sep 2010NOAA assigned 1330 orbit – Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)DoD assigned 0530 orbit – Defense Weather Satellite System (DWSS)EUMETSAT MetOp will provide 0930 orbitCommon Ground System (GCS) using systems developed for NPOESSCommand, Communications & Control (C3S )Data production system (IDPS)Globally Distributed Receptor Network (DRN)Process both JPSS and DWSS dataAdvanced sensors developed for NPOESS will be continuedVIIRS (MODIS heritage)CrIS (AIRS/IASI heritage)OMPS (OMI/TOMS heritage)ATMS (AMSU heritage)CERES/ERBS
- 3. JPSS Program OverviewBenefitsMaintains continuity of weather/climate observations and critical environmental data from the polar orbit
- 4. NOAA – JPSS provides improved continuity for POES
- 5. HIRS > CrIS (T & WV Atmos. Profiles)
- 7. AVHRR > VIIRS (Imagery, Cloud Mask, SST)
- 8. SBUV2 > OMPS (Total Ozone)
- 9. NASA – JPSS provides continuity for EOS
- 10. AIRS > CrIS
- 11. AMSU > ATMS
- 12. MODIS > VIIRS
- 13. OMI > OMPS
- 14. AMSR-E > AMSR2 (JAXA-GCOM-W)JPSS-1 Satellite(NPP-clone)
- 15. Continuity of Polar Operational Satellites
- 16. JPSS PROGRAM PLANSNASA will procure and integrate JPSS for NOAAPOES / GOES modelAlgorithm development and Cal/Val led by NOAANPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) will be completed as plannedFive Sensors (VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS, CERES)NPP will use C3S and IDPS developed for NPOESSNOAA/NASA will develop JPSS series for 1330 Orbit
- 17. JPSS-1 will be NPP CloneSARSAT and A/DCS will likely fly on separate satelliteJPSS-1 will use Distributed Receptor Network JPSS-2 and beyond will be competed
- 18. DoD plans for DWSS being developedDoD will launch remaining inventory of DMSP in the interim
- 19. 2 < 6 >CLASSSDSData Delivery Data DeliveryData DeliveryData DeliveryDataManagementDataManagementDataManagementDataManagementJPSS System ArchitectureWeather / Climate ProductsSupporting SpaceGPSTDRSSTDRSSSpaceSegmentJPSS1330DWSS1730LaunchSupportSegmentNPOESSPreparatoryProjectOffline SupportAlgorithm Support
- 21. Calibration/ValidationEELVWeather CentralsNAVOFNMOCAFWANESDISAlternateMMCSvalbardPrimary T&CVAFBFNMOCInterface Data Processing SegmentAFWANESDISNAVODQMWhite SandsComplexHRDLRDMissionManagementCenter (MMC)ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingField Terminal Segment15 Globally Distributed Receptor sitesInterconnected by Commercial FiberIngestIngestIngestIngestMission DataCommand, Control & Communication Segment
- 22. Direct Readout Stations using Xband
- 23. NPP Spacecraft(JPSS-1 Concept )VIIRSCrISATMSOMPSCERES
- 24. NPP/JPSS-1 SENSORSVisible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) RaytheonCross-track Infrared Sounder(CrIS)ITT CorporationCloud and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES)(FM5 for NPP)Northrop GrummanAdvanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)Northrop GrummanOzone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)Ball Aerospace
- 25. JPSS L1RD Defined Environmental Data Records (EDRS)MIS (17 - TBR)VIIRS (22)CLOUD LIQUID WATERPRECIPITATION TYPE/RATEPRECIPITABLE WATERSEA SURFACE WINDS (1)CLOUD ICE WATER PATHSEA SURFACE WIND STRESSTOTAL WATER CONTENTSOIL MOISTUREIMAGERYSEA ICE CHARACTERIZATIONSNOW COVER/DEPTHSEA SURFACE TEMPERATURELAND SURFACE TEMPSURFACE TYPEALBEDO (SURFACE)CLOUD BASE HEIGHTCLOUD COVER/LAYERSCLOUD EFFECTIVE PART SIZECLOUD OPTICAL THICKNESSCLOUD TOP HEIGHTCLOUD TOP PRESSURECLOUD TOP TEMPERATUREICE SURFACE TEMPERATURENET HEAT FLUX OCEAN COLOR/CHLOROPHYLLSUSPENDED MATTERVEGETATION INDEXAEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESSAEROSOL PARTICLE SIZEACTIVE FIRESIMAGERYSEA ICE CHARACTERIZATIONSNOW COVERSEA SURFACE TEMPERATURELAND SURFACE TEMPSURFACE TYPEATM VERT MOIST PROFILEATM VERT TEMP PROFILEPRESSURE (SURFACE/PROFILE)CrIS/ATMS (3)ATM VERT MOIST PROFILEATM VERT TEMP PROFILEPRESSURE (SURFACE/PROFILE)GCOM AMSR-2 (11)OMPS (2)CLOUD LIQUID WATERPRECIPITATION TYPE/RATEPRECIPITABLE WATERSEA SURFACE WINDS SPEEDSOIL MOISTURESNOW WATER EQUIVALENTIMAGERYSEA ICE CHARACTERIZATIONSNOW COVER/DEPTHSEA SURFACE TEMPERATURESURFACE TYPESEM-N (5)O3 TOTAL COLUMNO3 NADIR PROFILECERES (4)VIIRS (22)AURORAL BOUNDARYAURORAL ENERGY DEPOSITIONENERGETIC IONSMED ENERGY CHARGED PARTICLESSUPRA-THERMAL THRU AE PARTICLESDOWN LW RADIATION (SFC)DOWN SW RADIATION (SFC)NET SOLAR RADIATION (TOA)OUTGOING LW RADIATION (TOA)TSIS (1)SARR &SARPSOLAR IRRADIANCEA-DCSEDRs with Key Performance ParametersKEYNotes:(1) Delivered as two MIS products – Speed (Key EDR) and DirectionJPSS-1GCOMDWSSJPSS Program(Host TBD)PSE v1 2/28/11
- 26. CrIS OverviewThe Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a key sensorFourier Transform Spectrometer providing high resolution IR spectra:Fields of Regard each 3 x 3 FOVsPhotovoltaic Detectors in all 3 bands4-Stage Passive Detector Cooler14 km nadir spatial resolution2200 km swath widthOn-board internal calibration targetScience pioneer: AIRS on EOS Aqua, IASI on METOP-A
- 28. Key subcontractors:ABB Bomem, Interferometer, ICTDRS, detectorsAER, EDR algorithm
- 29. NEdN During NPP Spacecraft Self Compatibility TestThe reaction wheels were being exercised during this period12
- 30. Advanced Technology Microwave SounderNorthrop Grumman Electronic SystemsDescriptionPurpose: In conjunction with CrIS, global observations of temperature and moisture profiles at high temporal resolution (~ daily).Predecessor Instruments: AMSU A1 / A2, MHSApproach: Scanning passive microwave radiometer 22 channels (23GHz - 183GHz)Swath width: 2300 kmCo-registration: with CrIS
- 31. Microwave and Infrared Earth SpectraThe NPOESS Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) as a Companion to the New Generation AIRS/AMSU and IASI/AMSU Sounder SuitesGail A. Bingham, Utah State Univ./SDL, Logan, UT; and N. S. Pougatchev, M. P. Esplin, W. J. Blackwell, and C. D. Barnethttp://ams.confex.com/ams/90annual/techprogram/paper_163196.htm
- 32. Sounding Strategy in Cloudy ScenesCo-locate infrared and microwave instruments.Sounding is performed on 50 km a field of regard (FOR)
- 33. FOR is currently defined by the size of the microwave sounder footprint
- 34. IASI/AMSU has 4 IR FOV’s per FOR
- 35. AIRS/AMSU & CrIS/ATMS have 9 IR FOV’s per FOR
- 36. ATMS is spatially over-sampled can emulate an AMSU FOVLe Marshallet al., 2006AIRS, IASI, and CrIS all acquire 324,000 FOR’s per day!
- 37. Improved SoundingsAIRS provides significant improvements in temperature and moisture soundings over older generation instruments.Vertical resolution has improved from 3 – 6 km to 1 – 2 km.NOAA/NESDIS
- 38. CriS and ATMS provide continuity of essential atmospheric sounding information for weather forecastingHyperspectral Infrared Sounders (CrIS) and Advanced Microwave Sounders (ATMS) are the top two contributors for reducing forecast errorsForecast error reduction contribution (%)
- 39. Afternoon orbit has large impact on forecasting major weather eventsForecast Period: 5 Feb (am) – 6 Feb (am)6 Feb: Models without PM data under-forecasted snow totals:Operational forecast shows paralyzing eventData Denial Did not forecast paralyzing event in DC— at least 10” too low at Day 5Low confidence in extreme snowfall at this pointFuture errors of this scale could result in:Aircraft and airline passengers strandedGround commerce halted with no mitigation plansPopulation unprepared for paralyzing snow-depth15-22”Actual15-18”ForecastObserved27 Km Operational NWP Wash DC 5-day Forecast:- With Data: Historical, paralyzing event- Data Denial: Significant; but not paralyzing Data Denial NWP7-10”Forecast
- 40. Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer SuiteRaytheon SAS El Segundo, CaDescriptionPurpose: Global observations of land, ocean, & atmosphere parameters at high temporal resolution (~ daily)
- 41. Predecessor Instruments: AVHRR, OLS, MODIS, SeaWiFS
- 42. Approach: Multi-spectral scanning radiometer (22 bands between 0.4 µm and 12 µm) 12-bit quantization
- 43. Swath width: 3000 kmSpatial Resolution16 bands at 750m
- 44. 5 bands at 325m
- 45. DNBVIIRS on NPP
- 46. VIIRS Data ProductsLandActive Fire
- 48. Land Surface Temperature Ice Surface Temperature
- 50. Snow Cover/Depth
- 51. Vegetation Index
- 52. Surface Type OceanSea Surface Temperature
- 53. Ocean Color/ChlorophyllImagery & CloudImagery
- 54. Cloud Mask [IP]
- 56. Cloud Effective Particle Size Parameter
- 59. Cloud Cover/LayersAerosolAerosol Optical Thickness
- 60. Aerosol Particle Size Parameter
- 61. Suspended MatterVIIRS Edge of Scan Spatial Resolution is significantly improved over AVHRRAVHRRVIIRS
- 62. VIIRS Prelaunch Performance(NPP F1 Bands and SNR/NEDT)Courtesy of H. Oudrari
- 63. In addition to clouds and SST, VIIRS provides continuity of essential environmental monitoring from AVHRR and MODISBiosphere monitoring: Vegetation and Ocean ColorFire monitoring and mapping Aerosols for air quality and aviation safetyOil slick monitoring and mappingVolcanic Ash
- 64. DNB for night time clouds using lunar illumination
- 65. NOAA’s Vegetation Health SystemCentral USAHealthy vegetationImpact: Good cropsKazakhstanVegetation stressImpact: Bad cropsWestern USA Vegetation stressImpact: FireArgentinaVegetation StressImpact: DroughtSouthern AfricaHealthy VegetationImpact: Malaria30 Years of AVHRRHealthy VegetationImpact: MalariaFelix Kogan, NESDIS
- 66. Coral Bleaching50km Nighttime Sea Surface Temperature (SST)SST AnomalyCoral – specificHotSpotDegree Heating WeekBleaching Alert Areashttp://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov26
- 67. Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp.DescriptionPurpose: Monitors the total column and vertical profile of ozone
- 68. Predecessor Instruments: TOMS, SBUV, GOME, OSIRIS, SCIAMACHY
- 69. Approach: Nadir and limb push broom CCD spectrometers
- 70. Swath width: 2600 kmOMPS provides continuity of essential ozone products and applicationsMonitoring ozone hole and recovering of ozone due to the Montreal Protocol for eliminating Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Used in NWS UV Index forecast to allow public to avoid overexposure to UV radiation
- 71. CERES Instrument OverviewCERES scanning radiometer measuring three spectral bands at TOATotal (0.3 to >50 m)
- 72. Shortwave (0.3 to 5.0m)
- 73. Longwave (5 to 50m)Operations, Data Processing, Products, and Science are a continuation of experience developed on TRMM (1), EOS Terra (2), EOS Aqua (2), in I&T on NPP21 in.18 in.22 in.Critical Resource MarginsPrimary CERES Climate Data RecordsReflectedSolarEnergyEmittedThermalEnergy
- 74. Earth Radiation BudgetCERES ShortwaveTSISCERES LongwaveFrom IPCC AR4 FAQ
- 75. JPSS Continues Data Time Series YearMeasurement SystemConventional OperationsEOS Technology JumpResearch Quality Operations
- 76. MSU Tropospheric Temperature TrendsZou et al., JGR-Atm, 111 (D19): D19114 OCT 14 2006ATMS is better calibratedand satellite does not drift
- 77. Overview of AMSR2 instrument on GCOMDeployable main reflector system with 2.0m diameter.Frequency channel set is identical to that of AMSR-E except 7.3GHz channel for RFI mitigation.2-point external calibration with the improved HTS (hot-load).StowedDeployed33
- 78. Overview of AMSR2EDRsCloud liquidwaterWater vaporSnow waterequivalentSoil moisturePrecipitationSea surfacetemperatureSea surfaceWind vectorSea ice concentration34
- 79. ConclusionsJPSS Mission will provide:Input Observations for Weather Forecast ModelsCrIS, ATMS, VIIRS, OMPS & GCOM Short term Environmental Observations (Events) VIIRS, OMPS, CrIS, ATMS & GCOMLong term Environmental Observations (Climate Change Detection) CERES, TSIS, VIIRS, OMPS, CrIS, ATMS & GCOMUser Engagement is critical for ultimate mission success
Editor's Notes
- #13: FOR 15110323_093449
- #22: VIIRS has more 22 spectral bands vs 5 AVHRR bands and improved spatial resolution and improved precision. Edge of scan imagery from VIIRS does not degrade as compared to AVHRR. In the images, rivers, lakes, clouds and other features are retained in VIIRS and are blurred considerably with AVHRR. Think of HDTV vs analog TV. More channels (bands) provide new products such as ocean color, and more channels and improved sensitivity significantly improve the accuracy of AVHRR products including snow, ice, clouds, aerosols, sea surface temperature, land surface temperature, fire detection, smoke.
- #26: Requirement: Improve climate observation & interpretation Create consistent climate records Enhance ability to warn, mitigate and protect.Science: Can Vegetation Health (VH) provides reliable climate services?Benefit: Predict drought, crop losses, fire risk, human healthVEGETATION HEALTH (VH): Theory & ApplicationsDefinition: Proxy estimating cumulative vegetation response to weather & climate Features: Characterizes Greenness (chlorophyll); Vigor (moisture); Thermal (skin temperature) Theory: Controlled by Law-of-Minimum (Leibigh law); Law-of-Tolerance; Principal of Carrying CapacityAdvantages: Has “memory”, Combines NDVI and BT, 30-year data Products: Drought, vegetation health, fire risk, soil saturationApplication: Agriculture, Forestry, Climate forcing & change, Human Health, Weather disasters, Land cover change