Android is an open source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware, and key applications for mobile devices. It was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 47 technology companies to develop open standards for mobile devices. The Android software stack consists of applications, an application framework, libraries, and the Dalvik virtual machine runtime. At the lowest level, Android relies on the Linux kernel for core system services like memory management and security.
Android is an open source software stack that was developed by Android Inc. and later acquired by Google. It includes an operating system, middleware, and key applications. The software stack consists of five main sections - applications, application framework, libraries, runtime, and the Linux kernel. It allows developers to write once and run on multiple device types.
Android is an open-source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware, and key applications for mobile devices. It was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of technology companies including Google, HTC, Intel, and others. The Android software stack consists of Java applications running on a customized Linux kernel with an abstraction layer, libraries, and the Dalvik virtual machine. It has seen many version updates over the years from early versions like Cupcake and Donut to the current Marshmallow.
Android is a software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and applications. It was developed by the Open Handset Alliance of 47 tech companies to develop open standards for mobile devices. The document outlines Android's architecture including its application framework, core applications, libraries, Dalvik virtual machine runtime and use of the Linux kernel. It provides market share data showing Android's growth from 9% in 2010 to 33% in 2011 overtaking RIM and Microsoft.
The document provides an overview of the Android software stack and development process. It describes the key components of the Android stack including the Linux kernel, runtime environment with Dalvik VM, core libraries, application framework, and applications. It notes that Android is based on the Linux kernel but customized for mobile with its own libraries and frameworks. It also outlines the software development process for Android including using Java, Android SDK, Eclipse IDE, and emulator for app development and testing.
Android is an open-source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 47 technology companies that develops open standards for mobile devices. Some popular Android phones include the HTC G1, Motorola Droid and Samsung Galaxy. The Android software stack consists of applications, an application framework, libraries and runtime system that uses the Linux kernel.
The document provides an overview of the history and architecture of the Android operating system. It describes how the Open Handset Alliance was formed in 2007 to develop an open source platform as an alternative to proprietary platforms. It outlines the core components of Android including the application framework, libraries, Dalvik virtual machine, and Linux kernel. It also discusses the Android development tools and Eclipse IDE plugin for building Android applications.
The document provides an overview of Android development. It discusses what Android is, its architecture including the Linux kernel, libraries, Dalvik virtual machine and application framework. It then demonstrates how to set up an Android development environment in Eclipse, and walks through building a simple "Hello World" Android app that displays text when run on an emulator. The app's components like layouts, strings, and icons are also explained.
The document provides an overview of Android development. It describes Android as an open source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and applications. It covers the Android architecture including its Linux kernel, libraries, Dalvik virtual machine, application framework and core applications. It then discusses the Android software development environment and provides a step-by-step tutorial for creating a basic "Hello World" Android application.
The document provides an overview of Android, including its history, introduction, platform, architecture, and features. It discusses that Android is an open source software platform developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. The document outlines Android's history from 2005 to current releases and describes the Open Handset Alliance consortium. It also summarizes Android's introduction, platform, software stack including applications, framework, libraries, runtime/Dalvik VM, and the Linux kernel. The document concludes with features of the Android OS.
This document provides an overview of Android software and its architecture. It describes Android as an open source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It discusses the origins of Android from Android Inc. and its acquisition by Google. It outlines the major components of the Android software stack including the Linux kernel, runtime, application framework and core applications. It also covers the Android development environment, application structure, manifest file, activity lifecycle and more.
This document provides an overview of the Android operating system, including:
- A brief history of Android starting from its founding in 2003 by Android Inc. to being acquired by Google in 2005.
- An overview of the architecture of Android including the Linux kernel, libraries, Android runtime based on Java using the Dalvik VM, and core applications.
- A description of key Android features such as connectivity technologies, multitasking, media support, graphics capabilities, and the Android Market app store.
- A comparison of Android to other mobile operating systems such as BlackBerry, iOS, and Symbian.
This document provides an overview of Android architecture and components. It describes that Android is an open source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications built around the Linux kernel. The Android software architecture consists of applications, an application framework, libraries and services, and the operating system. It explains the main components of an Android application - activities, services, broadcast receivers and content providers.
Wifi Direct Based Chat And File Transfer Android ApplicationNitin Bhasin
This App allows you to share any kind of file present in SD card to other mobile phone directly at speed of 5+MBps. It even allows to click images shoot videos and directly dend to other device.It also allows to send drawings by having drawing pad in it in various colours and various brush sizes. Web-View is also implemented in it.
Link Of App At Amazon Store: http://www.amazon.com/Wifi-Direct-Chat-Transfer-Application/dp/B00TKFFMZO/ref=sr_1_1?s=mobile-apps&ie=UTF8&qid=1424009545&sr=1-1&keywords=Wifi+Direct+Chat+and+File+Transfer+Application
This document provides an introduction to the Android platform, including:
- Android is an open-source, Linux-based operating system used for mobile devices. It includes features like integrated apps, SDK for developing apps, and customization options.
- The Android software stack consists of the Linux kernel, native libraries, Android runtime including the Dalvik VM, application framework, and applications.
- The document outlines how to set up the Android development environment in Eclipse, including installing the SDK, ADT plugin, and creating an Android Virtual Device for testing apps.
- It describes the basic components of an Android app - activities, services, content providers, and broadcast receivers.
- Steps are provided for
Android is an open source software stack and operating system developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It uses a Linux kernel with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C/C++ and application software running on an application framework and virtual machine. The Android architecture includes secure data storage using SQLite databases and files, as well as an application execution environment using the Dalvik virtual machine to run dex-format files efficiently across multiple processes with an activity-based lifecycle.
This document provides an overview of the Android operating system. It discusses that Android is an open source platform developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance for mobile devices. It can run on smartphones, tablets, e-readers and other devices. The document describes the core components of Android including the Linux kernel, middleware, key applications and services. It also covers Android application development and the features and capabilities available to developers.
The document provides an overview of the Android software stack, which includes the Linux kernel, middleware, core libraries and runtime, frameworks, and key applications. It describes the various components of the Android software stack like the Dalvik VM, Binder IPC driver, SurfaceFlinger, AudioFlinger and how they work together to power the Android platform. The Open Handset Alliance manages the development of Android as an open source project under the Apache license.
Android is an open-source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It consists of three components: an open-source operating system, development platform and devices that run the Android OS and applications. The Android platform is developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance and is based on the Linux kernel.
The document provides an overview of Android including:
1) Android is an open source platform led by Google and based on the Linux kernel for mobile devices.
2) The Android architecture includes layers for the Linux kernel, libraries, Android runtime, and application framework.
3) Developing Android applications requires the Android SDK, Eclipse IDE, and tools like the Android emulator and DDMS.
The Android architecture consists of 5 sections and 4 main layers. At the bottom is the Linux kernel which provides drivers and handles low-level system tasks. Above this are libraries for web browsing, audio/video, security, and more. Next is the Android runtime which includes the Dalvik VM and core Java libraries. It allows each app to run in its own process. The top Application Framework layer provides services to apps for activities, content sharing, notifications, and building user interfaces. User applications sit at the very top.
This document provides an overview of the Android platform, including:
- What Android is, its open source nature, and the players involved in its development like Google and the Open Handset Alliance.
- The different "flavors" or versions of the Android OS over time from 1.1 to 4.0 and beyond.
- How Android uses the Linux kernel and integrates key technologies like its Dalvik virtual machine, SQLite database, and support for media formats.
- The overall Android architecture with layers for the Linux kernel, libraries, application framework, and applications themselves which are written in Java.
- How the Android SDK helps developers build apps that get compiled to run on the Dalvik virtual
- Android is an open-source software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It is based on the Linux kernel and allows developers to write managed code using Java-like languages.
- Google acquired Android Inc. in 2005 and founded the Open Handset Alliance in 2007 with several hardware and software companies to develop open standards for mobile devices. This included the unveiling of the Android mobile platform.
- The Android software architecture includes the Linux kernel, middleware like the Dalvik virtual machine, and core applications. It supports features like SQLite for data storage, an integrated web browser, messaging, media playback and device hardware.
Android is a remarkable platform for smartphone devices that supports compelling and intuitive application developments. This flexible and feature-rich operating system is one of the most popularly used platforms today to create ground-breaking and dynamic third party mobile applications, leveraging the popularity of mobile computing.
The Android architecture consists of 5 layers: the Linux kernel, native libraries, the Android runtime, application framework, and applications. The Linux kernel handles low-level system functionality like drivers. Native libraries provide common functions like media playback. The Android runtime includes the Dalvik VM and core Java libraries. It allows each app to run in its own process. The application framework offers higher-level services to apps like activity management and notifications. Finally, applications are built on top of the framework and distributed to users.
The document provides an overview of Android development. It describes Android as an open source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and applications. It covers the Android architecture including its Linux kernel, libraries, Dalvik virtual machine, application framework and core applications. It then discusses the Android software development environment and provides a step-by-step tutorial for creating a basic "Hello World" Android application.
The document provides an overview of Android, including its history, introduction, platform, architecture, and features. It discusses that Android is an open source software platform developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. The document outlines Android's history from 2005 to current releases and describes the Open Handset Alliance consortium. It also summarizes Android's introduction, platform, software stack including applications, framework, libraries, runtime/Dalvik VM, and the Linux kernel. The document concludes with features of the Android OS.
This document provides an overview of Android software and its architecture. It describes Android as an open source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It discusses the origins of Android from Android Inc. and its acquisition by Google. It outlines the major components of the Android software stack including the Linux kernel, runtime, application framework and core applications. It also covers the Android development environment, application structure, manifest file, activity lifecycle and more.
This document provides an overview of the Android operating system, including:
- A brief history of Android starting from its founding in 2003 by Android Inc. to being acquired by Google in 2005.
- An overview of the architecture of Android including the Linux kernel, libraries, Android runtime based on Java using the Dalvik VM, and core applications.
- A description of key Android features such as connectivity technologies, multitasking, media support, graphics capabilities, and the Android Market app store.
- A comparison of Android to other mobile operating systems such as BlackBerry, iOS, and Symbian.
This document provides an overview of Android architecture and components. It describes that Android is an open source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications built around the Linux kernel. The Android software architecture consists of applications, an application framework, libraries and services, and the operating system. It explains the main components of an Android application - activities, services, broadcast receivers and content providers.
Wifi Direct Based Chat And File Transfer Android ApplicationNitin Bhasin
This App allows you to share any kind of file present in SD card to other mobile phone directly at speed of 5+MBps. It even allows to click images shoot videos and directly dend to other device.It also allows to send drawings by having drawing pad in it in various colours and various brush sizes. Web-View is also implemented in it.
Link Of App At Amazon Store: http://www.amazon.com/Wifi-Direct-Chat-Transfer-Application/dp/B00TKFFMZO/ref=sr_1_1?s=mobile-apps&ie=UTF8&qid=1424009545&sr=1-1&keywords=Wifi+Direct+Chat+and+File+Transfer+Application
This document provides an introduction to the Android platform, including:
- Android is an open-source, Linux-based operating system used for mobile devices. It includes features like integrated apps, SDK for developing apps, and customization options.
- The Android software stack consists of the Linux kernel, native libraries, Android runtime including the Dalvik VM, application framework, and applications.
- The document outlines how to set up the Android development environment in Eclipse, including installing the SDK, ADT plugin, and creating an Android Virtual Device for testing apps.
- It describes the basic components of an Android app - activities, services, content providers, and broadcast receivers.
- Steps are provided for
Android is an open source software stack and operating system developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It uses a Linux kernel with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C/C++ and application software running on an application framework and virtual machine. The Android architecture includes secure data storage using SQLite databases and files, as well as an application execution environment using the Dalvik virtual machine to run dex-format files efficiently across multiple processes with an activity-based lifecycle.
This document provides an overview of the Android operating system. It discusses that Android is an open source platform developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance for mobile devices. It can run on smartphones, tablets, e-readers and other devices. The document describes the core components of Android including the Linux kernel, middleware, key applications and services. It also covers Android application development and the features and capabilities available to developers.
The document provides an overview of the Android software stack, which includes the Linux kernel, middleware, core libraries and runtime, frameworks, and key applications. It describes the various components of the Android software stack like the Dalvik VM, Binder IPC driver, SurfaceFlinger, AudioFlinger and how they work together to power the Android platform. The Open Handset Alliance manages the development of Android as an open source project under the Apache license.
Android is an open-source software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It consists of three components: an open-source operating system, development platform and devices that run the Android OS and applications. The Android platform is developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance and is based on the Linux kernel.
The document provides an overview of Android including:
1) Android is an open source platform led by Google and based on the Linux kernel for mobile devices.
2) The Android architecture includes layers for the Linux kernel, libraries, Android runtime, and application framework.
3) Developing Android applications requires the Android SDK, Eclipse IDE, and tools like the Android emulator and DDMS.
The Android architecture consists of 5 sections and 4 main layers. At the bottom is the Linux kernel which provides drivers and handles low-level system tasks. Above this are libraries for web browsing, audio/video, security, and more. Next is the Android runtime which includes the Dalvik VM and core Java libraries. It allows each app to run in its own process. The top Application Framework layer provides services to apps for activities, content sharing, notifications, and building user interfaces. User applications sit at the very top.
This document provides an overview of the Android platform, including:
- What Android is, its open source nature, and the players involved in its development like Google and the Open Handset Alliance.
- The different "flavors" or versions of the Android OS over time from 1.1 to 4.0 and beyond.
- How Android uses the Linux kernel and integrates key technologies like its Dalvik virtual machine, SQLite database, and support for media formats.
- The overall Android architecture with layers for the Linux kernel, libraries, application framework, and applications themselves which are written in Java.
- How the Android SDK helps developers build apps that get compiled to run on the Dalvik virtual
- Android is an open-source software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It is based on the Linux kernel and allows developers to write managed code using Java-like languages.
- Google acquired Android Inc. in 2005 and founded the Open Handset Alliance in 2007 with several hardware and software companies to develop open standards for mobile devices. This included the unveiling of the Android mobile platform.
- The Android software architecture includes the Linux kernel, middleware like the Dalvik virtual machine, and core applications. It supports features like SQLite for data storage, an integrated web browser, messaging, media playback and device hardware.
Android is a remarkable platform for smartphone devices that supports compelling and intuitive application developments. This flexible and feature-rich operating system is one of the most popularly used platforms today to create ground-breaking and dynamic third party mobile applications, leveraging the popularity of mobile computing.
The Android architecture consists of 5 layers: the Linux kernel, native libraries, the Android runtime, application framework, and applications. The Linux kernel handles low-level system functionality like drivers. Native libraries provide common functions like media playback. The Android runtime includes the Dalvik VM and core Java libraries. It allows each app to run in its own process. The application framework offers higher-level services to apps like activity management and notifications. Finally, applications are built on top of the framework and distributed to users.
Lidar for Autonomous Driving, LiDAR Mapping for Driverless Cars.pptxRishavKumar530754
LiDAR-Based System for Autonomous Cars
Autonomous Driving with LiDAR Tech
LiDAR Integration in Self-Driving Cars
Self-Driving Vehicles Using LiDAR
LiDAR Mapping for Driverless Cars
Analysis of reinforced concrete deep beam is based on simplified approximate method due to the complexity of the exact analysis. The complexity is due to a number of parameters affecting its response. To evaluate some of this parameters, finite element study of the structural behavior of the reinforced self-compacting concrete deep beam was carried out using Abaqus finite element modeling tool. The model was validated against experimental data from the literature. The parametric effects of varied concrete compressive strength, vertical web reinforcement ratio and horizontal web reinforcement ratio on the beam were tested on eight (8) different specimens under four points loads. The results of the validation work showed good agreement with the experimental studies. The parametric study revealed that the concrete compressive strength most significantly influenced the specimens’ response with the average of 41.1% and 49 % increment in the diagonal cracking and ultimate load respectively due to doubling of concrete compressive strength. Although the increase in horizontal web reinforcement ratio from 0.31 % to 0.63 % lead to average of 6.24 % increment on the diagonal cracking load, it does not influence the ultimate strength and the load-deflection response of the beams. Similar variation in vertical web reinforcement ratio leads to an average of 2.4 % and 15 % increment in cracking and ultimate load respectively with no appreciable effect on the load-deflection response.
Passenger car unit (PCU) of a vehicle type depends on vehicular characteristics, stream characteristics, roadway characteristics, environmental factors, climate conditions and control conditions. Keeping in view various factors affecting PCU, a model was developed taking a volume to capacity ratio and percentage share of particular vehicle type as independent parameters. A microscopic traffic simulation model VISSIM has been used in present study for generating traffic flow data which some time very difficult to obtain from field survey. A comparison study was carried out with the purpose of verifying when the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models are appropriate for prediction of PCUs of different vehicle types. From the results observed that ANFIS model estimates were closer to the corresponding simulated PCU values compared to MLR and ANN models. It is concluded that the ANFIS model showed greater potential in predicting PCUs from v/c ratio and proportional share for all type of vehicles whereas MLR and ANN models did not perform well.
Concept of Problem Solving, Introduction to Algorithms, Characteristics of Algorithms, Introduction to Data Structure, Data Structure Classification (Linear and Non-linear, Static and Dynamic, Persistent and Ephemeral data structures), Time complexity and Space complexity, Asymptotic Notation - The Big-O, Omega and Theta notation, Algorithmic upper bounds, lower bounds, Best, Worst and Average case analysis of an Algorithm, Abstract Data Types (ADT)
"Feed Water Heaters in Thermal Power Plants: Types, Working, and Efficiency G...Infopitaara
A feed water heater is a device used in power plants to preheat water before it enters the boiler. It plays a critical role in improving the overall efficiency of the power generation process, especially in thermal power plants.
🔧 Function of a Feed Water Heater:
It uses steam extracted from the turbine to preheat the feed water.
This reduces the fuel required to convert water into steam in the boiler.
It supports Regenerative Rankine Cycle, increasing plant efficiency.
🔍 Types of Feed Water Heaters:
Open Feed Water Heater (Direct Contact)
Steam and water come into direct contact.
Mixing occurs, and heat is transferred directly.
Common in low-pressure stages.
Closed Feed Water Heater (Surface Type)
Steam and water are separated by tubes.
Heat is transferred through tube walls.
Common in high-pressure systems.
⚙️ Advantages:
Improves thermal efficiency.
Reduces fuel consumption.
Lowers thermal stress on boiler components.
Minimizes corrosion by removing dissolved gases.
☁️ GDG Cloud Munich: Build With AI Workshop - Introduction to Vertex AI! ☁️
Join us for an exciting #BuildWithAi workshop on the 28th of April, 2025 at the Google Office in Munich!
Dive into the world of AI with our "Introduction to Vertex AI" session, presented by Google Cloud expert Randy Gupta.
Sorting Order and Stability in Sorting.
Concept of Internal and External Sorting.
Bubble Sort,
Insertion Sort,
Selection Sort,
Quick Sort and
Merge Sort,
Radix Sort, and
Shell Sort,
External Sorting, Time complexity analysis of Sorting Algorithms.
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. Originally applied to water (hydromechanics), it found applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well as geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology.
It can be divided into fluid statics, the study of various fluids at rest, and fluid dynamics.
Fluid statics, also known as hydrostatics, is the study of fluids at rest, specifically when there's no relative motion between fluid particles. It focuses on the conditions under which fluids are in stable equilibrium and doesn't involve fluid motion.
Fluid kinematics is the branch of fluid mechanics that focuses on describing and analyzing the motion of fluids, such as liquids and gases, without considering the forces that cause the motion. It deals with the geometrical and temporal aspects of fluid flow, including velocity and acceleration. Fluid dynamics, on the other hand, considers the forces acting on the fluid.
Fluid dynamics is the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion. It is a branch of continuum mechanics, a subject which models matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms; that is, it models matter from a macroscopic viewpoint rather than from microscopic.
Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research, typically mathematically complex. Many problems are partly or wholly unsolved and are best addressed by numerical methods, typically using computers. A modern discipline, called computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is devoted to this approach. Particle image velocimetry, an experimental method for visualizing and analyzing fluid flow, also takes advantage of the highly visual nature of fluid flow.
Fundamentally, every fluid mechanical system is assumed to obey the basic laws :
Conservation of mass
Conservation of energy
Conservation of momentum
The continuum assumption
For example, the assumption that mass is conserved means that for any fixed control volume (for example, a spherical volume)—enclosed by a control surface—the rate of change of the mass contained in that volume is equal to the rate at which mass is passing through the surface from outside to inside, minus the rate at which mass is passing from inside to outside. This can be expressed as an equation in integral form over the control volume.
The continuum assumption is an idealization of continuum mechanics under which fluids can be treated as continuous, even though, on a microscopic scale, they are composed of molecules. Under the continuum assumption, macroscopic (observed/measurable) properties such as density, pressure, temperature, and bulk velocity are taken to be well-defined at "infinitesimal" volume elements—small in comparison to the characteristic length scale of the system, but large in comparison to molecular length scale
7. 7
Android S/W Stack - Application
Android provides a set of core applications:
Email Client
SMS Program
Calendar
Maps
Browser
Contacts
Etc
All applications are written using the Java language.
8. 8
Android S/W Stack –
App Framework
Enabling and simplifying the reuse of
components
Developers have full access to the same
framework APIs used by the core applications.
Users are allowed to replace components.
9. 9
Android S/W Stack –
App Framework (Cont)
Features
Feature Role
View
System
Used to build an application, including lists, grids, text
boxes, buttons, and embedded web browser
Content
Provider
Enabling applications to access data from other
applications or to share their own data
Resource
Manager
Providing access to non-code resources (localized strings,
graphics, and layout files)
Notification
Manager
Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the
status bar
Activity
Manager
Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing
a common navigation backstack
10. 10
Android S/W Stack - Libraries
Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by
components of the Android system
Exposed to developers through the Android
application framework
11. 11
Android S/W Stack - Runtime
Core Libraries
Providing most of the functionality available in the core
libraries of the Java language
APIs
Data Structures
Utilities
File Access
Network Access
Graphics
Etc
12. 12
Android S/W Stack – Runtime
(Cont)
Dalvik Virtual Machine
Providing environment on which every Android
application runs
Each Android application runs in its own process,
with its own instance of the Dalvik VM.
Dalvik has been written such that a device can run
multiple VMs efficiently.
Register-based virtual machine
13. 13
Android S/W Stack – Runtime
(Cont)
Dalvik Virtual Machine (Cont)
Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format
.dex format is optimized for minimal memory
footprint.
Compilation
Relying on the Linux Kernel for:
Threading
Low-level memory management
14. 14
Android S/W Stack – Linux Kernel
Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services
Memory and Process Management
Network Stack
Driver Model
Security
Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest
of the S/W stack