101300563 preterm-labor-case-study
- 1. 1 | P a g e Homework Help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Research Paper help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Online Tutoring https://www.homeworkping.com/ click here for freelancing tutoring sites San Pedro College 12 C. De Guzman St., Davao City A Case Analysis on Preterm Labor IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE COURSE REQUIRMENTS IN NCM 103 – RLE D e l i v e r y R o o m R o t a t i o n
- 2. 2 | P a g e Submitted To: Ms. Trina Domanais RN, MN Clinical Instructor Submitted By: Kristine Princess B. Alga James Edward T. Amazona Kirk E. Batomalaque BSN- 3B/ Group 1/ Sub-group 3 July 9, 2012 C R I T E R I A Introduction and Objectives…………………………………………………………5% Patient’s Data and Health History…………..……………………………………..10% Physical Assessment……………………………………………………………….20% Medical and Surgical Management………..……………………………….……..20% Related Nursing Theory……...………………………………………………………5% Nursing Care Plan…………..………………………………………………………30% References..…………………………...………………………………………………5% Neatness, Format, Mechanics………………………………………………………5% 100%
- 3. 3 | P a g e T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S Introduction-------------------------------------------------Pg. 4-6 Objectives---------------------------------------------------Pg. 7-9 Patients Data-----------------------------------------------Pg. 10-12 Past and PresentHealth History----------------------Pg.13-15 Physical Assessment-------------------------------------Pg.16-24 Medical Management-------------------------------------Pg.25-29 Diagnostic Examinations---------------------------------Pg. 30-45 Actual Possible Drug Study---------------------------------------------------Pg.46-56 Related Nursing Theory----------------------------------Pg.57-59
- 4. 4 | P a g e Nursing Care Plans----------------------------------------Pg. 60-71 Bibliography-------------------------------------------------Pg. 72-74 A. Biographical Data - Name: PCDL - Gender: Female - Age: 25 years old - Birthday: August 26, 2012 - Place of Birth: Davao City - Nationality: Filipino - Civil Status: Married - Address: R. Guerro Street, Davao City - Religion: Roman Catholic - Educational Level: College Undergrad( BSIT 2nd year level) - Number of Siblings: Five
- 5. 5 | P a g e - Name of Spouse: ML - Name of Parent: o Mother: RL o Father: RLB A. Clinical Data i. Chief Complaint: Hypogastric Pain ii. Date of Admission: June 19, 2012 iii. Time of Admission: 07:00 am iv. Admitted per: Wheel Chair v. Ward: Delivery Room vi. Attending Physician: Eleanor de Borja Palayabyab, MD vii. Impression: G1P0 pregnancy uterine 28 weeks AOG; in preterm labo B. Obstetrical Data Menarche: 13 years old Menstrual Cycle: Irregular (2 to 3 months x 7days) consumes 7 pads per day GPA: G1 P0 LMP: December 1st week of 2011 EDC: September 2nd week of 2012 12 first week 11 -3 +7 +1 Naegels Rule 9 2nd week 12
- 6. 6 | P a g e FUNDIC HEIGHT: 28 cm McDonald’s Rule: FH / 4 28/4 7 months Johnson’s Rule: (FH-11) x155 (28-11)X 155 2635 grams AOG: 28 weeks (computed last June 19, 2012) I.E (June 19, 2012 @ 7:25 am): 3 cm dilatation external OS, admit stip Internal OS Uterine Contractions (last June 19, 2012 @ 7:15am): Moderate uterine contractions at 37 sec duration at 6 minutes interval FHT: 146-147 Bpm Speculum Exam: grossy normal, negative bleeding, negative pooling of fluid in the vagina.
- 7. 7 | P a g e Past Health History Mrs. PCDL was born via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. She was delivered at term at 39 weeks age of gestation weighing 9 pounds at lying in somewhere in their place. She was fully immunized child receiving 3 doses of DPT, 3 doses of OPV, 3 doses of Hepatitis vaccine and 1 dose of measles vaccine. She stated that she already experienced Chicken pox, and measles. There were no drugs were given to her as a relief. Mrs. PCDL does not have any history of hospital admissions nor past surgical procedures. She only experienced common illnesses such as fever, colds, and coughs once or twice in a year and was treated at home. She was given Paracetamol for fever and Neozep for colds. She also had tonsillitis when she was 5 years old and was managed at home with Erythromycin which was taken over the counter. She had allergies on fish. She had her menarche when she was 13 years old. And also had an irregular in menstruation cycle (2-3 months x 7 days) and consumes 4 pads per day. Mrs. PCDL started to smoke when she was 19 years old Consuming 1 - 2 packs per day. But she stopped when she get pregnant, she also drink alcohol occasionally. Present Health History
- 8. 8 | P a g e Last June 18, 2012, four hours prior to admission, Mrs. PCDL experience onset of pain at the hypogastric area sometimes radiating at lower back associated with frequent uterine contractions. She said that there was no bloody show or watery vaginal discharges noted. The patient applied linement oil (manzanilla) as temporary relief but it did not work. Before the pain arises, she only does typical house chores at their home such as washing the dishes and cleaning the house 1-2 hours before the said incident. The group asked for pain scale and she said it was 4 out of 5.The persistence of these symptoms prompted her admission at San Pedro Hospital last June 19, 2012 at 7:00 am and was then noted to have premature uterine contraction with an AOG of 28 weeks. Obstetrical History Patient PCDL had her first menarche when she was 13 years old. She had irregular in menstruation (2-3 months x 7 days) consuming 4 pads per day. She is using pills before (Diane 35) once in day in one month. This is the first pregnancy of our patient, Her Last menstrual period was December 1st week of 2011. Using the Naegels rule, the group computed her Expected date of confinement and it shows that it would be on September 2nd week of 2012.Her Age of gestation is 28 weeks computed last June 19, 2012. She stated that she undergone ultrasound twice during the first and third month At Davao Regional Hospital examined by Dr. Maria A. Concha. just to determine if there is really an embryo developing inside. Mrs. PCDL had her first prenatal check up at San Pedro Hospital Last June 14, 2012 by Dr. Palayabyab and received her first dose of tetanus toxoid.
- 9. 9 | P a g e P h y s i c a l A s s e s s m e n t General Survey This physical assessment was conducted last June 19, 2012 @ 8:30am to a 25 year old woman, at Delivery Room 4, bed 6. Patient was lying on bed, awake, conscious and coherent; not in respiratory distress and was wearing clean hospital gown. With an intravenous fluid of D5LR 1 Liter + “2 amps” of isoxsilan to run at 80cc/hour infusing well at Left metacarpal vein @ 920 cc level. She has an endomorphic body built and is well groomed. She is cooperative and purposeful in his interaction with others. Patient established good eye contact when conversing with us. Speech is clear and culturally appropriate. She gives appropriate responses both verbally and non-verbally to our questions. Vital Signs
- 10. 10 | P a g e Vital Signs Normal Range Actual Temperature 35.6 – 36.7 C° 36.3 C° Pulse Rate 80 – 90 beats per minute 97 beats per minute Cardiac Rate 80 – 90 beats per minute 95 beats per minute Respiratory Rate 16 – 20 cycles per minute 21 cycles per minute Blood Pressure 110/70 – 130/90 mmHg 130/70 mmHg Fetal heart Beat With an FHT of 146 found on left lower quadrant; regular and strong. Uterine Contractions With mild to moderate uterine contractions @ 60 seconds duration at 3-5 min interval Skin The patient has a fair complexion. Her skin is warm to touch, slightly moist and smooth. Generally, uniform in color except for the areas exposed to sunlight. No lesions, skin abrasions, and scars noted. She has a good skin turgor. Nails Nails are well trimmed and no nail polish. Fingernails have convex curvature and a diamond shape was seen when the fingernails of both right and left thumbs were
- 11. 11 | P a g e joined together (Schamroth’s technique). The patient’s nails on both hands and feet are smooth with vascular and pinkish nail beds and intact epidermis. The patient has a capillary refill time of 2 seconds. Head The patient’s head is normocephalic. Skull is symmetrical and nodules or masses and depressions are not noted. She has long, black, evenly distributed wavy hair below armpit level with no infestations (like lice, dandruff) and infection noted. Facial features are symmetrical upon asking the patient to raise eyebrows, frown, lower eyebrows, close eyes tightly, puff cheeks, smile, and clench teeth. Muscle strength of jaw was also normal. Eye structures and visual acuity The patient's eyebrows are both aligned, evenly distributed and move uniformly. Eyelashes are well distributed and are curled outward. Eyelids are intact with no discharges and discoloration noted. Lids close symmetrically. Palpebral conjunctiva appears light pink, shiny and clear. Lacrimal ducts are evident. The sclera appears to be white. The eyes constrict; with a constriction of two millimeters when stimulated with a penlight and when the penlight was drawn near to the patient’s nose. Iris are dark brown in color. Cornea appears shiny and smooth. Pupils are equally round and are reactive to light and accommodation. Edema and tenderness are not palpated. When looking straight ahead, client can see objects in the periphery. When checking for the six ocular movements, the eyes move smoothly and are able to follow the hand movements. Both eyes are coordinated; with parallel alignment. Client was asked to read the writings on a notebook held at a distance of 14 inches, the patient can read the words written. Ears and hearing Auricles are symmetrical, aligned with the outer canthus of the eye, and are in the same color as facial skin. Auricles are mobile, firm, and not tender. Pinna recoils after it is folded. External canal is clear with minimal dry cerumen. Inflammation, masses and foreign bodies are absent. Normal voice tones are audible to the patient.
- 12. 12 | P a g e Nose and sinuses Nose is uniform with skin color without any lesions and is symmetrical without any signs of discharges and lesions. There is no nasal flaring noted. Nasal septum is intact at midline. When palpated, the patient did not display any signs of pain. Air moves freely as the patient breathes. The nasal mucosa is pink in color. When the facial sinuses were palpated, the patient did not complain of pain. Upon palpation of the maxillary and frontal sinuses, no tenderness was noted. Cilia was noted upon assessment. Mouth Outer lips are light pink in color, soft, moist, with symmetrical contour. Inner lips and buccal mucosa are moist and no ulcerations are noted. The oral cavity is pink in color. The gums are intact and the teeth are milky white in color. The soft and hard palate is pinkings. Tonsils are pinkinsh in color, no inflammation was noted. The patient has good alignment of teeth and no dental carries are noted. The client has 32 adult teeth. The tongue is pink, located at the midline, able to move freely and as commanded such as sticking out of the tongue and moving it from side to side. The uvula is positioned midline of the soft palate. There were no signs of inflammation and redness. Gag reflex is present upon assessment. Neck The neck is symmetric with head centered and without bulging masses. Neck movements are smooth. As the patient swallows, the thyroid gland and thyroid cartilage moves upward. Trachea is in the midline. The lymph nodes are not enlarged and not tender upon palpation. The neck muscles are proportional in size. The patient is able to move her head sideward, extend and flex with smoothness and without any signs of discomfort. The trachea is located at midline. Thyroid gland is not palpable. Lymph
- 13. 13 | P a g e nodes are not palpable. On auscultation, no signs of bruit, which is a gushing sound caused by blood flow, is noted. Melasma is evidently noted. Chest and Lungs Chest is symmetric and spine is vertically aligned. The client has quiet, rhythmic and effortless respirations. Skin is intact with uniform temperature.. The client also has bilateral symmetry of vocal fremitus. When palpated, no tenderness noted with full symmetric chest expansion (when the client takes a deep breath), with respiratory excursion of 3cm, there are no signs of nodules and the patient did not complain of any pain. Clear breath sounds are noted upon auscultation and the 3 lung sounds are evidently noted. Heart and central vessels No murmurs or adventitious sounds were audible upon auscultation. Palpitations are absent. When the peripheral pulses were palpated the pulses were symmetric at both left and right area. The carotid artery has full pulsations and the quality stays the same. Peripheral veins in the legs and arms showed no signs of phlebitis when the legs were inspected for swelling and when the calves were palpated, the patient did not complain for any pain. The stroke volume is 4,200 liters of blood is being pumped by the heart per hour. Breast and axillae The breasts of the patient have no signs of hyper pigmentation or any discoloration and lacerations, breasts were symmetrical in size. The areolas are dark brown with nipples that are round, pointing in an outward direction and are equal in size. Discharges, lesions, tenderness, nodules, and masses were not noted. Moisture was felt at the axillary area with few hair growths. The axillae is dark brown in color. Lymph nodes were not noted upon palpation. Abdomen
- 14. 14 | P a g e Upon inspection in the abdomen striae gravidarum are evident on her abdomen. Symmetric movements were seen when the patient inhales and exhales, with positive tenderness on hypogastric area, linea negra noted but light in color. With 10 bowel sounds per minute upon auscultation. No masses noted upon palpation. Umbilicus is located in the umbilical region. With fetal movement upon Leopold's maneuver and fetal heart tone noted via stethoscope. With AP diameter of 2:1. Musculoskeletal Upon comparison, the patient’s muscles have good tonicity. There were no signs of contracture or any fasciculation or tremors seen. Upon palpation, the muscles are firm at active state with smooth movements. Muscle strength is equal at both left and right side. The patient’s both legs have the same length. When the patient was allowed to move her legs up she moved it slowly because she feels pain in her abdominal area. When the patient was asked to push the student nurse’s hand with her foot she moved her foot slowly. The bones were palpated especially at the joint areas; there were no deformities. Arms, Legs Arms have equal length. With fair complexion, edema is not noted. With some hair noted. Legs have also equal length, edema not noted. With some hair. Color of the knee is darker than the other part. Genitourinary There were no discharges such as blood was noted upon assessment. The labia majora is not swollen. Her pubic hair was evenly distributed, and shaved half moon upon IE. There was no inflammation, or irritation such as redness, ulceration. Anus is intact, hemorroids were not noted. And able to void freely atleast 6 times a day, and defecate 2 times a day.
- 15. 15 | P a g e IE of 3 cm dilatation external OS, admit stip Internal OS. E X T R E M I T I E S Upper extremities: The patient is able to move her hands and arms without discomfort, and with strong handgrip on both sides. She is able to flex, rotate and extend her arms with no difficulty. There are no involuntary movements noted. She has normal number of digits. No deformities noted. Can perform complete range of motion. Lower extremities: Patient is able to move both legs with no difficulty. No inflammation, edema and tenderness noted. She has normal number of toenails. No involuntary movements noted. Can perform complete range of motion. NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Patient PCDL didn’t manifested any signs of any abnormalities like stuttering, slurring and hesitancy; sensory or motor aphasias not noted. Patient is well-oriented of what’s going on in her current life situation like why is she in the hospital and her condition and the like.
- 16. 16 | P a g e Major Areas of Mental Status Findings LANGUAGE The client is clear and spontaneous in speaking; she is able to comprehend in written and spoken words. ORIENTATION Client is well-oriented in time, place, date and people around her and the person talking to her. MEMORY Client was able to : Remember the penlight the examiner recently showed to her. Remember her student nurses inside the room. Remember her age. ATTENTION SPAN AND CALCULATION She was able to concentrate and perform to what she was asked to do. The client was able to calculate numbers. LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS The level of consciousness of the patient was tested through the use of GCS and RLS method. When patient was tested to Reactive Level Scale, the client scored 1 to alertness. And when Glasgow Coma Scale was tested to her, she scored 15. The client was rated 1/15 for level of consciousness. • Reactive Level Scale= the client scored 1 to alertness. (conscious, awake) • Glasgow Coma Scale = she scored 15.
- 17. 17 | P a g e EYE OPENING: spontaneous = 4 MOTOR ESPONSE: to verbal command = 6 VERBAL RESPONSE: oriented, converses = 5 The client was rated 1/15 for level of consciousness. N E U R O L O G I C A L A S S E S S M E N T All cranial nerves are functioning. She was able to answer the questions correctly, when she was asked. Cranial Nerve: I –Olfactory She was able to identify various odors such as the scent of bar soap and candy. II -Optic Patient was able to identify colors when ask to identify the colors we point. she was able to identify the color of his shirt (blue), the color of notebook (green) and the color of the medicine tray (yellow).
- 18. 18 | P a g e III, IV, and VI (Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens) Upon assessing extra-ocular movement, eyes move in smooth, coordinated motion in all directions (six ocular movements). Both pupils constrict simultaneously when light is illuminated with a papillary size of 2mm. V Trigeminal Patient was able to elicit blink reflex as his lateral sclera was touch upon looking upward. VII Facial Patient was able to show different facial expression. She was able to smile, wrinkles his forehead, shows his teeth, and raises his eyebrows. Movements are symmetrical. VIII Vestibulocochlear Patient could hear whispered words when the examiner was 2 feet behind him and normal tone of voice. IX Glossopharyngeal Patient was able to identify different taste such as the sweetness of candy. X Vagus Patient swallows the water we gave her without difficulty.
- 19. 19 | P a g e XI Accessory Patient is able to shrug his shoulder and turn her head against resistance when the examiner resists it against the body parts that had been said. XII Hypoglossal Patient was able to protrude his tongue at the midline, and was able to move it side to side. MOTOR FUNCTION (a) Gross Motor Test Walking Gait Patient isn’t allowed to walk (complete bed rest with bathroom priveleges).
- 20. 20 | P a g e Romberg’s Test Test cannot be done. Standing with one foot with eyes closed Test cannot be done. Heel-toe Walking Test cannot be done. Heel walking Test cannot be done. Toe walking Test cannot be done. Alternating supine and Pronation of Hands Patient can alternately pronate and supinate her hands in an average pace. (b) Fine Motor Test for Upper Extremities Finger to Nose Test Patient was able to repeatedly touch her nose without missing it in an average pace. Finger to Nose to Nurse’s Finger Patient was able to touch own finger then nurse’s with coordination. Fingers to Fingers Patient was able to touch own fingers with the other side of fingers with coordination. Finger to Thumb Patient was able to touch her thumb with all fingers coordinately, in a moderate pace. (c) Fine Motor Test for Lower Extremities
- 21. 21 | P a g e Heel Down Opposite Shin Patient was able to side heel of foot on opposite shin with coordination. Toe or Ball of Foot to Nurse’s Finger Patient is able to touch nurse’s finger with both toe and ball of foot smoothly with coordination. (d) Sensation Light Touch Sensation Patient was able to perceive when and where she was touched on forehead, cheek, hand, lower arm, lower leg and foot. Pain Sensation Patient was able to discriminate sharp and dull sensations. Temperature Sensation Patient was able to distinguish between and cold sensations. Position of Kinesthetic Sensation Patient was able to determine the position of fingers and toes. (e) Tactile Sensation One-and-Two Point Discrimination Patient was able to identify whether there were one or two objects touching her skin within normal distances per area. Stereognosis Patient was able to identify different objects placed in her hand such as pen,
- 22. 22 | P a g e comb, and straw. Extinction Phenomenon Patient was able to perceive touch on both side of the body when they were touched simultaneously. Conclusion: We therefore conclude that the systems that we assessed are normal except in abdominal area wherein there is positive hypogastric pain sometimes radiating at the back. There is also moment of uterine contractions. DATE MEDL ORDER JUSTIFICATION
- 23. 23 | P a g e 06/19/12 7:00 am - Please admit - Diet as Tolerated - Start D5LR 1L - Sidedrip: 2amps Isoxsilan - CBC -To be able to accommodate the patient’s needs for optimum health care and to be able to refer any unusualities immediately and to continue patient monitoring. -For body nourishment. - An IVF is started for fluid replacement and for the purpose of administrating drugs via IVTT. - It helps for the relaxation of the uterine muscles of our patient -It is a basic screening test which includes information about the hematocrit. The hematocrit measures the volume of whole blood that is composed of RBCs. And this test helps to assess the condition of the
- 24. 24 | P a g e 7:50 am 2:00 pm - Urinalysis - Ensure EFM - FHT q 30 min - Watch out for persistence labor pain, bloody show, and other unusualities - Titrate IVF 10gtts/hr q 30 min until no uterine contraction - - Nifedipine 20mg tab patient, elevated results may indicate infection. -This is done to our client to study the urine content for infection, for urinary, and kidney disorders. - To assess and monitor the well-being of the fetus. - To quickly identify any variation of heart rate. -Done to patients who need a close watch and monitoring regarding their condition. -Titration of IVF is done to our patient to help in controling the concentration of the drug to be given, means not to overdose the patient from the drug. -This drug is indicated to our
- 25. 25 | P a g e 11:15 pm 06/20/12 5:00 am 8:10 am - Start Cefuroxime 500g 1 cap BID - IVF TF: D5LR 1L + 2amps Isoxuprine to start at present rate and titrate on previously ordered - IVF TF: D5Lr 1L + 2amps Isoxuprine to start at present rate and titrate - IVF TF: D5LR 1L + 2amps Isoxuprine to start @ present rate and titrate as ordered - AP updated patient for systemic vasodilation for premature labor -The drug is indicated to patients since she Urinary Tract Infection and also an increase in WBC count in urine -Titration of IVF helps to control the concentration of the drug to be given, means not to overdose the patient from the drug.
- 26. 26 | P a g e - Titrate Isoxuprine drip with decements of 10 mgtt q 30 mins if no UC - CT Isoxuprine drip . Isoxsuprine drip is continued for better vasodilation of the blood vessels of the uterus to prevent from further con Taction
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