1111032743BR15103CR15Sericulture and Sericulture Industry in Indiasericulture and sericulture industry in india.ppt

1111032743BR15103CR15Sericulture and Sericulture Industry in Indiasericulture and sericulture industry in india.ppt

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  SERICULTURE Dr. Manzoor AhmadMir Assistant Professor Department of Bioresources University of Kashmir [email protected] Mobile: 9622901319
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  Sericulture is anagro based cottage industry, which include three main activities 1. Production of quality seed, 2. Rearing of Silkworm and raising of cocoons for silk, 3. Reeling of cocoons and yield of silk. Reeling of cocoons, which yield silk, is basically an industrial activity. No other fabric has fascinated man so continuously over millennia as silk. It is royal in its splendor, exotic and sensuous in its radiance. An aura of luxury has always surrounded and still surrounds, cloths made of silk. No other fabric drapes more beautifully or flatters the body more than silk. Silken shine, silken soft, and silken smooth – these epithets show that the queen of fabrics is a symbol of beauty, plain and simple.
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  DIFFERENT TYPES OFSILKWORMS AND THEIR FOOD PLANTS Types Local name Food Plant 1. Bombyx mori L Mulberry Silkworm Morus Spp. 2. Antherea mylitta Tassar Terminalia tomentosa Terminalia arjuna 3. Philosamia ricini Eri Ricinus communis (Castor) 4. Antherea assama Muga Machilas bombycina (Som) Litsaea Polyantha (Soalu) What is Sericulture? Sericulture means cultivation of food plants and rearing of silkworms for production of quality silk. It is an agro based rural Industry and has two main sectors On Farm Sector and Off Farm sector a)Food plant cultivation Post harvest cocoon technology (Mulberry cultivation) b) Silkworm Rearing a) Reeling of cocoons b) Weaving (twisting etc) c) Dying d) Printing e) Garment making
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  4 HISTORY CHINA IS THEORIGIN OF SERICULTURE. CHINESE LADY NAMED HSI-LING-SHIH INVENTED MYSTERY OF SILKWORM COCOONS ACCIDENTALY. IT IS SAID THAT SILK IS DISCOVERED BEFORE 3000 B.C. ART OF SILK PRODUCTION WAS A SECRET UPTO 200 B.C. ( FOR ABOUT 2800 YEARS ) TRADING OF SILK WAS THROUGH THE SILK ROAD AT THAT TIME. BY ABOUT 300 AD SERICULTURE HAD SPREAD TO INDIA FROM KOREA. SILK ROAD IN 1857, WORLD SERICULTURE INDUSTRY SUFFERED FROM PEBRINE DISEASE. THIS ALMOST DESTROYED EUROPIAN SERICULTURE INDUSTRY. LOUIS PASTEUR DISCOVER “MME” TECHNIQUE TO CONTROLL THAT DISEASE
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  Sericulture means cultivationof host plants and rearing silkworms which finally produces SILK. The word silk sounds luxury and class. Till today, no other fabric can match it in luster and elegance. As long as human desire for silk garments continues, the demand for sericulture activity remains. Silk is the queen of textile and the naturally produced animal fibre  Silk is known as BIO STEEL due to strength of it.  China is the world’s largest producer of silk. Though, way behind in quantum of production, the Indian silk industry has some unique features.  India is emerging as a major silk producing country in the world. Among the countries producing silk, India ranks second. INTRODUCTION TO SERICULTURE 7 April 2023 5
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  7 April 2023 6 FEATURESOF INDIAN SILK INDUSTRY India has favourable environment conditions for both Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing. India is second largest producer of Raw silk with market share of 13.96% after China which is having 82.62% share. India is the only country produces all 4 types silk. Indian handloom fabrics has good global demand. India is very well known for its finished products. Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Jammu Kashmir are the five traditional states accounts for around 90% of the total production. Karnataka accounts for more than 50 percent of the country's total silk production earlier, but during 2007-08 it came down to 45 percent. The silk industry is giving employment to 63 lakh people in the country including 46 lakh farmers, three lakh reelers and 14 lakh weavers. Thus, there is considerable scope for stepping up production of raw silk in the country, overcome the persistent conflict of interest between exporters of silk products and producers of raw silk.
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  History of Sericulture Historically,sericulture was introduced in China by Hoshomin, the Queen of China. For a long time, sericulture was considered to be a national secret by the Chinese Government, and as an industry it was not known in other countries. Sericulture was introduced in India 400 years back and the industry flourished as an agro-industry giving employment to over 7.3 million people in the Country. Sericulture is an agro based cottage industry, which include three main activities 1. Production of quality seed, 2. Rearing of Silkworm and raising of cocoons for silk, 3. Reeling of cocoons and yield of silk. Reeling of cocoons, which yield silk, is basically an industrial activity. The cultivation of Mulberry, the leaves of which are used for feeding the silkworms, rearing of silkworms for production of cocoons are indeed activities of agriculture nature. Naturally Sericulture involves agriculture and industry, therefore it is recognized as an agro - industry.
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  What is silk? Naturally Silk is a Protein. Silk emitted by the silkworm consists of two main proteins, sericin and fibroin. Fibroin being the structural centre of the silk, and sericin being the sticky material surrounding it. Fibroin is made up of the amino acids Gly-Ser-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala and forms beta pleated sheets. Hydrogen bonds form between chains, and side chains form above and below the plane of the hydrogen bond network. The high proportion (50%) of glycine, which is a small amino acid, allows tight packing and the fibers are strong and resistant to breaking. The tensile strength is due to the many inter seeded hydrogen bonds, and when stretched the force is applied to these numerous bonds and they do not break. Silk is resistant to most mineral acids, except for sulphuric acid, which dissolves it. It is yellowed by perspiration.
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  • Sericulture hasbeen practiced for at least 5000 years in China • The Silkworm (Bombyx mori, Latin for “silkworm of the mulberry tree") is, technically, not a worm. It is the larva or caterpillar of a moth in the family Bombicidae • A silkworm's diet consists solely of mulberry leaves • The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is entirely dependent on humans for its reproduction and no longer occurs in the wild. It is native to northern China. Its nearest wild relative is Bombyx mandarina with which it is able to hybridize • The silkworm female deposits around 400 eggs at a time. In an area the size of your monitor screen, about 100 moths would deposit more than 40,000 eggs, each about the size of a pinhead • The female dies almost immediately after depositing the eggs; the male lives only a short time after. The adult does not eat during the short period of its mature existence • After growing to its maximum size at around 6 weeks, the larva is about 10,000 times heavier than when it hatched Facts About Silk
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  • One hectareof mulberry trees yields about eleven tons of leaves, producing around 450 pounds of cocoons, but just about 85 pounds of raw silk • The cocoon is made of a single continuous thread of raw silk around 1 kilometer (2/3 of a mile) long • About 2,000 to 3,000 cocoons are required to make a pound of silk. One pound of silk represents about 1,000 miles of filament • It takes silk from over 2,000 cocoons to produce a single kimono • The annual world production represents 70 billion miles of silk filament, a distance well over 300 round trips to the sun • Based on 1 kilometre (2/3 of mile) per cocoon, ten unravelled cocoons could theoretically extend vertically to the height of Mount Everest • The shimmering appearance for which silk is prized comes from the fiber’s triangular prism-like structure which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles • Silk fibers are very fine, about 10 nanometers (1/2500th of an inch) in diameter
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  • Strong assteel in tensile strength, silk is the strongest natural fiber known to man • Silk is much lower in density compared to cotton, wool or nylon. It is, therefore, highly moisture absorbent, able to absorb as much as a third of its own weight in moisture without feeling damp • A highly versatile fabric, silk has proven to be ideal for a variety of uses – from formal wear to sleepwear, from parachutes to rugs, from medical sutures to prosthetic arteries • Silk has a miniscule percentage of the global textile fiber market – less than 0.2%. Yet the actual trading value of silk and silk products is in many billions of dollars since the unit price for raw silk is roughly twenty times that of raw cotton • Current world silk production is estimated to be around 125,000 metric tons. China produces about 80% of the world’s silk; and India over 10% • Japan, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, and Uzbekistan also have a significant production of raw silk and silk yarn. Brazil is the only non-Asian country that is a significant producer of raw silk or silk yarn • United States is the largest silk importer in the world
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  Did we know?  The journey from Silkworm egg to a matured larva in 25-28 days time gains 10,000 times of the weight of the egg…… which is highest in the Animal Kingdom.  The filament from one Mulberry Cocoon (Biv.) can be more than 1 kilometer. 1. Mulberry culture 2. Eri culture 3. Tasar culture 4. Muga culture Kingdom : Animalia Phylum :Arthropoda Class : Insecta Order : Lepidoptera Family : Bombycidae Genus : Bombyx Species : Bombyx mori Mulberry Silk Culture Bombyx mori. Lin. Kingdom : Plantae Phylum : Dichotilidanea Class :Monochlamydeae Order : Unisexuales Family : Moraceae Species : Morus alba. Linn. Morus alba.Lin. Eri Silk Culture Samia cynthia ricini Kingdom : Animalia Phylum :Arthropoda Class : Insecta Order : Lepidoptera Family : Saturniidae Sub Family:Saturniinae Genus : Samia Species : Samia cynthia ricini Ricinus communis.Linn. Kingdom : Plantae Phylum : Dichotilidanea Class :Monochlamydeae Order : Unisexuales Family : Euphorbiaceae Species : Ricinus communis.Linn.
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  Antheraea paphia Kingdom :Animalia Phylum :Arthropoda Class : Insecta Order : Lepidoptera Family : Saturniidae Sub Family:Saturniinae Genus : Antheraea Species : Antheraea paphia Tasar Silk Culture Kingdom : Plantae Phylum : Dichotilidanea Class :Polypetalae Order : Disciflorae Family : Combretaceae Species : Terminalia arjuna. Terminalia arjuna Kingdom : Animalia Phylum :Arthropoda Class : Insecta Order : Lepidoptera Family : Saturniidae Sub Family:Saturniinae Genus : Antheraea Species : Antheraea assamensis Muga Silk Culture Antheraea assamensis Kingdom : Plantae Phylum : Angiosperms Class :Polypetalae Order : Laurales Family : Lauraceae Species : Litsea polyantha. Litsea polyantha
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  WORLD RAW SILKPRODUCTION STATISTICS (in MT) CONTRY 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 % SHARE CHINA 64567 68600 94600 102560 105360 130000 10842 0 82.62 INDIA 17531 16319 15742 16500 17305 18475 18320 13.96 JAPAN 431 394 287 263 150 150 150 0.11 BRAZIL 1485 1607 1563 1512 1285 1387 1220 0.93 KOREA 157 154 150 150 150 150 150 0.11 UZBEKISTAN 1260 1260 950 950 950 950 950 0.72 THAILAND 1510 1510 1500 1420 1420 1080 760 0.58 VIETNAM 2035 2200 750 750 750 750 750 0.57 OTHERS 1692 3814 1500 1500 1500 1000 500 0.38 TOTAL 90488 95858 117042 125605 128870 153942 13122 0 _ 7 April 2023 14 source:- ISC WEBSITE AS UPDATED ON OCTOBER 2007
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  Uses 1. Silk absorbsabout 11% moisture, therefore this absorbency makes it comfortable to wear in warm weather and while active. 2. Its low conductivity keeps warm air close to the skin during cold weather, Therefore It is often used for clothing such as shirts, ties, blouses, formal dresses, high fashion clothes, pyjamas, robes, dress suits, sun dresses and eastern folk costumes. 3. Silk's attractive lustre and drape makes it suitable for many furnishing applications. It is used for wall coverings, window treatments (if blended with another fiber), rugs, bedding and wall hangings 4. Silk has had many industrial and commercial uses, such as in parachutes, parachute cords, tyres of racing cars, insulation coils for telephones, and artillery gunpowder bags, wireless receivers, sieves for flour mills 5. Non-absorbable surgical threads are also made from silk . 6. silk underclothing is used for children and adults with eczema where it can significantly reduce itch 7. New uses and manufacturing techniques have been found for silk for making everything from disposable cups and holograms
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  Chemical properties/Identification ofpure silk contents in silk fibers S.No Nature of Test Observation Inference 1 Flame Test a) Burns slowly leaves a black residue which crimples easily with fingers b) Burnt hair smell Silk 2 Shirlastain “A” a) Slightly brownish orange b) Golden Brown c) Chestnut Brown d) Bright greenish yellow Silk Silk Silk (Tassar) Acetate ( Rayons) 3 Nitric Acid (Conc.) Disintegrates & Dissolves Silk 4 HNo3 ( 70% Diluted) Fiber stains yellow Silk 5 H2So4 ( 80% Diluted) Disintegrates & Dissolves Silk 6 Hcl ( Concentrated) Dissolves Silk 7 NaOH (5% Boil) Dissolves slowly Silk 8 Millon’s Reagent Fiber stains red Silk 9 Glacial acetic acid No change Silk 10 Phenol (90%) a) No change b) Dissolves Silk Nylon 11 Zinc chloride-Iodine Red to violet Rayon or cotton 12 Microscopic test a) Structure less fiber (rod shaped) b) Tape like flat double fiber with longitudinal striations Silk Tassar silk
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  Staining of fabricsand their removal S.No Source of Stain Treatment 1 Blood Soak in warm water , sponge with a few drops of ammonia in 10cc of hydrogen peroxide, then launder 2 Butter Use drops of carbon tetrachloride. 3 Chocolate Soak in hot water and launder. 4 Coffee or tea Allow the fabric to dry, sponge with carbon tetrachloride. If stain remains, launder in hot water using small quantity of hydrogen peroxide. 5 Cosmetics Dampen the stain and rub with bar soap, finally rinse and wash. 6 Ink or Lipstick Place the stain on paper towel facing down, sponge with dry cleaning solvent or alcohol. Avoid water until stain is removed , rinse and launder. 7 Nail polish Sponge with acetone. 8 Cream ( Ice, milk) Sponge with carbon tetrachloride. Launder in hot water. 9 Egg Sponge in cold water. 10 Fruit Juices Sponge with alkali and alcohol in equal proportions and launder. 11 Grease Apply face powder and place the stain facing down on paper towel and sponge with dry cleaning solvent, dampen slowly, rinse and wash or launder. 12 Machine oil Cover the stain with an absorbent and slowly sponge, remove the trace with carbon tetrachloride, rinse and wash or launder. 13 Mud Allow to dry ,sponge with carbon tetrachloride, rinse and wash or launder. 14 Paint Rinse in warm water and launder, if stain remains , sponge with turpentine and kerosene, rinse and wash or launder. 15 Varnish Sponge with carbon tetrachloride. 16 Perspiration Rinse in dil. Hydrochloric acid, rinse and launder. 17 Shoe Polish Remove the excess polish, sponge with liquid detergent , followed by solvent or rub with alcohol, rinse or launder. 18 Wine/Soft drinks Soak in cold water, then use liquid detergent, launder in hot water.