11g R2

Lowering your IT Costs with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Thomas Kyte http://asktom.oracle.com

Continuous Innovation Exadata Storage Real Application Testing Advanced Compression Automatic Storage Management Transparent Data Encryption Self Managing Database XML Database Oracle Data Guard Real Application Clusters Flashback Query Virtual Private Database Built in Java VM Partitioning Support Built in Messaging Object Relational Support Multimedia Support Data Warehousing Optimizations Parallel Operations Distributed SQL & Transaction Support Cluster and MPP Support Multi-version Read Consistency Client/Server Support Platform Portability Commercial SQL Implementation Oracle 2 Oracle 9 i Oracle 5 Oracle 6 Oracle 7 Oracle 8 Oracle 8 i Oracle 10g Oracle 11g

<Insert Picture Here> Clustering

Consolidate onto the Grid Using low-cost server and storage grids Automatic Storage Management In-Memory Database Cache Real Application Clusters Enterprise Manager

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Dynamic Cluster Partitioning via Server Pools Dynamically assigns servers to run groups of related workload Allocation is Policy Managed – Min/Max, Relative Importance Unassigned Servers go to Free Pool Cluster reconfigures if a pool falls below its minimums Back Office Front Office Depart/LOB Free

RAC One Node New Enterprise feature for mass consolidation Low entry cost to grid consolidation Automated failover within Grid Rolling patches Online upgrade to multi-node RAC instances DB B DB C DB D DB E DB F DB A

<Insert Picture Here> Hardware

Sun Oracle Database Machine Get on the Grid Faster - OLTP & Data Warehousing Oracle Database Server Grid 8 Database Servers 64 Cores 400 GB DRAM Exadata Storage Server Grid 14 Storage Servers 5TB Smart Flash Cache 336 TB Disk Storage Unified Server/Storage Network 40 Gb/sec Infiniband Links 880 Gb/sec Aggregate Throughput Completely Fault Tolerant

Sun Exadata Storage Server Hardware 24 GB DRAM 12 x 3.5” Disk Drives 2 Quad-Core Intel ® Xeon ® Processors Disk Controller HBA with 512M battery backed cache InfiniBand QDR (40Gb/s) dual port card Dual-redundant, hot-swappable power supplies 4 x 96GB Sun Flash PCIe Cards

Flash Cache How it works 120 GB Flash Cache 16 GB SGA Memory 360 GB Magnetic Disks Install Flash Drive in the Host Server Set two init.ora parameters: db_flash_cache_file = <filename> Specifies the path to the flash disk db_flash_cache_size=<size> Specifies the amount of flash disk to use Extended Buffer Cache

World’s Fastest OLTP Machine With Sun FlashFire Technology Huge semiconductor memory hierarchy 400 Gigabytes DRAM 5 TB Smart Flash Cache – Not Flash Disk !!! 1 Million random I/Os per second Eliminates most physical disk I/O 3x database compression for OLTP Compressed 1.2 TB Database in DRAM Compressed 15 TB Database in Flash Cache

Oracle In Memory Database Cache Offload Data processing to Middle Tier resources Data cached in application memory Synchronized with Oracle Database Fast, consistent response times High transaction throughput Scale out with In-Memory cached Grid Standard Oracle Interfaces SQL, PL/SQL, OCI Cached tables Business Applications Cached tables Business Applications

<Insert Picture Here> Warehousing

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 In-Memory Parallel Execution Data warehouse environments can have large amounts of memory that is not always used An algorithm places fragments of an object (partitions) in memory on different nodes Compression gets more data in memory Parallel servers (aka PQ Slaves) are then executed on the corresponding nodes Requires Automatic Degree of Parallelism Real Application Clusters

In-Memory Parallel Execution How it works SQL statement Determine the size of the table being looked at Fragments of Table are read into each node’s buffer cache Read into the buffer cache on any node Table is extremely small Always use direct read from disk Table is a good candidate for In-Memory Parallel Execution Table is extremely Large Only parallel server on the same RAC node will access each fragment

Automated Degree of Parallelism How it works SQL statement Statement is hard parsed And optimizer determines the execution plan Statement executes serially Statement executes in parallel Optimizer determines ideal DOP If estimated time greater than threshold Actual DOP = MIN(default DOP, ideal DOP) If estimated time less than threshold PARALLEL_MIN_TIME_THRESHOLD

Parallel Statement Queuing How it works SQL statements Statement is parsed and Oracle automatically determines DOP If enough parallel servers available execute immediately If not enough parallel servers available queue FIFO Queue 128 16 32 64 8 When the required number of parallel servers become available the first stmt on the queue is dequeued and executed 128 16 32 64

Query Processing: The problem with traditional storage What Were Yesterday’s Sales? SUM Oracle Database Server Grid Storage Array Retrieve Entire Sales Table Select sum(sales) where salesdate= ‘15-Sep-2009’ …

Query Processing: Using Sun Oracle Exadata Storage Server What Were Yesterday’s Sales? SUM Oracle Exadata Storage Grid Select sum(sales) where salesdate= ‘15-Sep-2009’ … Retrieve Sales for Sep 15 2009 Oracle Database Server Grid

Reduce storage costs by factor of 10x Data growth continues to outpace budget growth Source: Winter TopTen Survey, Winter Corporation, Waltham MA, 2008. 200 400 600 800 1000 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Terabytes of Data Rate of Database Growth Actual Projected

Automatic Storage Management Lowers the cost of storage management Virtualize and share storage resources Advanced data striping for maximum I/O performance Online addition and migration of storage HR SALES ERP

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 ASM Cluster File System General purpose clustered or local file system Optimized disk layout, online rebalance, mirroring Dynamic volume management, read-only snapshots HR SALES ERP Database Files Oracle Binaries Files

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Other ASM Enhancements Improved Management ASM Install & Configuration Assistant (ASMCA) Full Featured ASMCMD ASM File Access Control ASM Disk Group Rename Datafile to Disk Mapping Tunable Performance Intelligent Data Placement Infrequently Accessed Data Frequently Accessed Data © 2009 Oracle Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential

Manage Data Growth Partition for performance, management and cost 5% Active 95% Less Active ORDERS TABLE (7 years) 2003 2009 Low End Storage Tier 2-3x less per terabyte 2008 High End Storage Tier

Significantly Reduce Storage Usage Advanced OLTP Compression Compress large application tables Transaction processing, data warehousing Compress all data types Structured and unstructured data types Improve query performance Cascade storage savings throughout data center Compression 4X Up To

Sun Oracle Exadata Storage Server Hybrid Columnar Compression Data stored by column and then compressed Useful for data that is bulk loaded or moved Query mode for data warehousing Typical 10X compression ratios Scans improve accordingly Archival mode for old data Typical 15- 50X compression ratios 50X Up To

<Insert Picture Here> Availability

Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture Fully Utilizing Redundancy Automatic Storage Management Real Application Clusters Secure Backups to Cloud and Tape Active Data Guard Fast Recovery Area Data Guard

Traditional Testing Approach Production – 1,000s of Real Online Users PRODUCTION

Limited Testing Capabilities Few users trying to be 1,000s of users TEST PRODUCTION

Real Application Testing Workload for 1,000s of Online Users Captured Capture PRODUCTION Workload

Real Application Testing Workload for 1,000s of Online Users Replayed Replay PRODUCTION TEST Capture Workload

Online Application Upgrade Edition-based redefinition Code changes are installed in the privacy of a new edition Data changes are made safely by writing only to new columns or new tables not seen by the old edition An editioning view exposes a different projection of a table into each edition to allow each to see just its own columns A crossedition trigger propagates data changes made by the old edition into the new edition’s columns, or (in hot-rollover) vice-versa

Online Application Upgrade Edition-based redefinition ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> create user demo identified by demo 2 / User created. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> grant create session, create procedure to demo 2 / Grant succeeded. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> create edition version2 as child of ora$base 2 / Edition created.

Online Application Upgrade Edition-based redefinition ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> connect demo/demo Connected. demo%ORA11GR2> demo%ORA11GR2> create or replace procedure my_procedure 2 as 3 begin 4 dbms_output.put_line( 'Hello World, I am version 1.0' ); 5 end; 6 / Procedure created. demo%ORA11GR2> create or replace procedure my_procedure2 2 as 3 begin 4 my_procedure; 5 end; 6 / Procedure created.

Online Application Upgrade Edition-based redefinition demo%ORA11GR2> exec my_procedure2 Hello World, I am version 1.0 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Online Application Upgrade Edition-based redefinition demo%ORA11GR2> connect / Connected. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> alter user demo enable editions 2 / User altered. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> grant use on edition version2 to demo 2 / Grant succeeded.

Online Application Upgrade Edition-based redefinition ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> connect demo/demo Connected. demo%ORA11GR2> alter session set edition = version2 2 / Session altered. demo%ORA11GR2> set linesize 150 demo%ORA11GR2> select object_name, object_type, status, edition_name from user_objects 2 / OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE STATUS EDITION_NAME ---------------- -------------- ------- --------------- MY_PROCEDURE PROCEDURE VALID ORA$BASE MY_PROCEDURE2 PROCEDURE VALID ORA$BASE

Online Application Upgrade Edition-based redefinition demo%ORA11GR2> create or replace procedure my_procedure 2 as 3 begin 4 dbms_output.put_line( 'Hello World, I am version 2.0' ); 5 end; 6 / Procedure created. demo%ORA11GR2> select object_name, object_type, status, edition_name from user_objects 2 / OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE STATUS EDITION_NAME --------------- ------------------- ------- -------------- MY_PROCEDURE2 PROCEDURE VALID ORA$BASE MY_PROCEDURE PROCEDURE VALID VERSION2

Online Application Upgrade Edition-based redefinition demo%ORA11GR2> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('userenv', 'current_edition_name') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_EDITION_NAME') -------------------------------------------------- VERSION2 demo%ORA11GR2> exec my_procedure2 Hello World, I am version 2.0 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Online Application Upgrade Edition-based redefinition demo%ORA11GR2> connect demo/demo Connected. demo%ORA11GR2> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('userenv', 'current_edition_name') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_EDITION_NAME') ----------------------------------------------ORA$BASE demo%ORA11GR2> exec my_procedure2 Hello World, I am version 1.0 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Online Application Upgrade Edition-based redefinition demo%ORA11GR2> alter session set edition = version2; Session altered. demo%ORA11GR2> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('userenv', 'current_edition_name') FROM DUAL; SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_EDITION_NAME') ----------------------------------------------- VERSION2 demo%ORA11GR2> exec my_procedure2 Hello World, I am version 2.0 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

<Insert Picture Here> How to get there

What are my upgrade paths? Predictable performance post-upgrade  10.2.0.2  11.1.0.6 10.1.0.5 9.2.0.8 11.2 SQL Plan Management Automated SQL tuning

Rolling Database Upgrades Initial SQL Apply Config Clients Redo Version X Version X 1 Switchover to B, upgrade A Redo 4 Upgrade X+1 X+1 Run in mixed mode to test Redo 3 X+1 X Upgrade node B to X+1 Upgrade Logs Queue X 2 X+1 Major Release Upgrades Patch Set Upgrades Cluster Software & Hardware Upgrades B A B A A B A B

Make Change Safe - Realistic Testing with Database Replay Recreate actual production database workload in test environment No test development required Replay workload in test with production timing Analyze & fix issues before production … … Capture DB Workload Middle Tier Storage Oracle DB Replay DB Workload Production 9i, 10g, 11g Test 11g Release 1 and above Client Client … Client

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11g R2

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