11thingsabout11g 12659705398222 Phpapp01

Top 10, no – make that 11, things about Oracle Database 11g Release 1 Thomas Kyte http://asktom.oracle.com

The Beginning... Data Model with Structure Data Independent of Code Set-oriented 1977 the work begins “ A Relational Model for Large Shared Databanks” E.F. Codd - 1970

First RDBMS: Version 2 June 1979 FIRST Commercial SQL RDBMS Impressive First SQL Joins, Subqueries Outer Joins, Connect By A Simple Server No transactions, ‘Limited’ Reliability Portability from the Start Written in Fortran But multi-platform – PDP11, Dec VAX

Oracle7.3 February 1996 Partitioned Views Bitmapped Indexes Asynchronous read ahead for table scans Standby Database Deferred transaction recovery on instance startup Updatable Join View SQLDBA no longer shipped. Index rebuilds DBV introduced Context Option PL/SQL - UTL_FILE Spatial Data Option Tablespaces changes - Coalesce, Temporary Permanent, Trigger compilation, debug Unlimited extents on STORAGE clause. Some init.ora parameters modifiable - TIMED_STATISTICS HASH Joins, Antijoins Histograms Oracle Trace Advanced Replication Object Groups

Oracle Database Innovation 30 years of sustained innovation … … continuing with Oracle Database 11g Audit Vault Database Vault Grid Computing Self Managing Database XML Database Oracle Data Guard Real Application Clusters Flashback Query Virtual Private Database Built in Java VM Partitioning Support Built in Messaging Object Relational Support Multimedia Support Data Warehousing Optimizations Parallel Operations Distributed SQL & Transaction Support Cluster and MPP Support Multi-version Read Consistency Client/Server Support Platform Portability Commercial SQL Implementation 1977 2007

Encrypted Tablespaces Oracle Database 10g Release 2 introduced column encryption Could not range scan Primary/foreign key issues Tablespace encryption Removes those limitations Many encryption algorithms 3DES168 AES128 AES192 AES256

Encrypted Tablespaces ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create tablespace encrypted 2 datafile '/…/encrypted.dbf' size 10m 3 ENCRYPTION default storage( encrypt ); Tablespace created. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create tablespace clear 2 datafile '/…/clear.dbf' size 10m; Tablespace created.

Encrypted Tablespaces ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create table t 2 tablespace clear 3 as 4 select * from all_users; Table created. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create index t_idx 2 on t(lower(username)) 3 tablespace clear ; Index created.

Encrypted Tablespaces ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> alter system checkpoint; System altered. $ strings /…/clear.dbf | grep -i ops.tkyte OPS$TKYTE from the table ops$tkyte from the index

Encrypted Tablespaces ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> alter table t move 2 tablespace encrypted ; Table altered. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> alter index t_idx rebuild 2 tablespace encrypted ; Index altered.

Encrypted Tablespaces ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> alter system checkpoint; System altered. $ strings /…/encrypted.dbf | grep -i ops.tkyte [This space intentionally left blank]

Encrypted Tablespaces ps$tkyte%ORA11GR1> set autotrace traceonly explain ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select * from t where lower(username) like 'ops$%'; Execution Plan ------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | ------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 2 | 112 | | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 2 | 112 | |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T_IDX | 1 | | ------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 2 - access(LOWER("USERNAME") LIKE 'ops$%') filter(LOWER("USERNAME") LIKE 'ops$%')

Cache More Everyone knows the fastest way to do something is – to not do it Client Side Cache Server Results Cache (JIT-MV) PL/SQL Function results cache Lots more detail in afternoon session

Cache More ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> /* ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> drop table t; ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create table t as select * from all_objects; ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> */ ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> update t set object_type=object_type where rownum=1; 1 row updated.

Cache More ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> set autotrace traceonly ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select /*+ result_cache */ 2 owner, 3 object_type, 4 count(*) cnt 5 from t 6 group by owner, object_type 7 order by owner, object_type 8 / 249 rows selected.

Cache More Execution Plan -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 58742 | 1606K| 284 (2)| 00:00:04 | | 1 | RESULT CACHE | 5cwffcum1ajfud1088m1m73f81 | | | | | | 2 | SORT GROUP BY | | 58742 | 1606K| 284 (2)| 00:00:04 | | 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 58742 | 1606K| 280 (1)| 00:00:04 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Result Cache Information (identified by operation id): ------------------------------------------------------ 1 - column-count=3; dependencies=(OPS$TKYTE.T); parameters=(nls); name="select /*+ result_cache */ owner, object_type, count(*) cnt from t group by owner, object_type order by"

Cache More Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 1005 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 6922 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 596 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 18 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 1 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 249 rows processed

Cache More ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> / 249 rows selected. Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 0 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 6922 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 596 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 18 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 249 rows processed

Cache More ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select * from ( 2 select /*+ result_cache */ 3 owner, object_type, count(*) cnt 4 from t 5 group by owner, object_type 6 order by owner, object_type 7 ) 8 where cnt > 100 9 / 38 rows selected.

Cache More Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 0 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 1516 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 442 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 4 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 38 rows processed

Cache More SQL> create or replace 2 function not_cached 3 ( p_owner in varchar2 ) 4 return number 5 as 6 l_cnt number; 7 begin 8 select count(*) 9 into l_cnt 10 from t 11 where owner = p_owner; 12 dbms_lock.sleep(1); 13 return l_cnt; 14 end; 15 / Function created. SQL> create or replace 2 function cached 3 ( p_owner in varchar2 ) 4 return number 5 result_cache 6 relies_on(T) 7 as 8 l_cnt number; 9 begin 10 select count(*) 11 into l_cnt 12 from t 13 where owner = p_owner; 14 dbms_lock.sleep(1); 15 return l_cnt; 16 end; 17 / Function created.

Cache More SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( not_cached( 'SCOTT' ) ); 6 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 1.93 SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( not_cached( 'SCOTT' ) ); 6 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 1.29 SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( not_cached( 'SCOTT' ) ); 6 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 1.07

Cache More SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( cached( 'SCOTT' ) ); 6 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 1.09 SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( cached( 'SCOTT' ) ); 6 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 0.01 SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( cached( 'SCOTT' ) ); 6 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 0.01

Cache More SQL> update t set owner = initcap(owner) where rownum = 1; 1 row updated. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( cached( 'SCOTT' ) ); 6 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 1.25 SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( cached( 'SCOTT' ) ); 6 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 0.01

Cache More SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( cached( 'SYS' ) ); 29339 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 1.21 SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( cached( 'SYS' ) ); 29339 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 0.01 SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line( cached( 'SCOTT' ) ); 6 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:0 0.00

Standby Database Logical Standby was… Limited in type support But was always open for business Physical Standby was… Easy But considered “not useful day to day”

Standby Database Logical Standby has… XMLType support DBMS_RLS & DBMS_FGA support TDE support

Active Data Guard: Develop & Test on Standby DB Use physical standby database for development & testing Preserves zero data loss in test/dev mode Flashback DB to back-out changes & use as standby Production Database Standby Database Developers, Testers Eliminates cost of idle DR system

Active Data Guard: Report & Backup from Standby DB Offload reporting to standby Simultaneously available for recovery Offload backups to standby Complete database and fast incremental backups Production Database Standby Database Reporting Backups Improves performance on production database

Active Data Guard – More than a Standby Simultaneous read and recovery High ROI Automated Disaster and performance protection Use daily in testing and production Recovery mode only Low ROI Manual intensive Disaster protection only Used in disaster only

Real Application Testing – Database Replay Recreate actual production database workload Capture production workload incl. concurrency Replay workload in test with production timing Analyze & fix issues before production Middle Tier Capture DB Workload Storage Oracle DB servers Replay DB Workload Production Environment Test (RAC) Environment`

#5 Smaller more secure DMP files

Datapump COMPRESSION ALL, DATA_ONLY, METADATA_ONLY, NONE $ expdp / directory=tmp dumpfile=uncompressed.dmp compression= NONE schemas=ops\$tkyte Export: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Friday, 21 September, 2007 12:23:26 . . exported "OPS$TKYTE"."BIG_TABLE" 24.57 MB 250000 rows . . exported "OPS$TKYTE"."T" 6.791 MB 67945 rows $ expdp / directory=tmp dumpfile=compressed.dmp compression= ALL schemas=ops\$tkyte Export: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Friday, 21 September, 2007 12:23:58 . . exported "OPS$TKYTE"."BIG_TABLE" 3.110 MB 250000 rows . . exported "OPS$TKYTE"."T" 762.1 KB 67945 rows $ ls -l /tmp/*compressed.dmp -rw-r----- 1 ora11gr1 ora11gr1 4124672 Sep 21 12:24 /tmp/compressed.dmp -rw-r----- 1 ora11gr1 ora11gr1 33136640 Sep 21 12:23 /tmp/uncompressed.dmp

Datapump ENCRYPTION All Data_only Metadata_only None Encrypted_columns_only PARTITION_OPTIONS None Departition Merge REUSE_DUMPFILES Ability to use DML error logging features DATA_OPTIONS parameter

Virtual Columns Create Table Alter Table Add Column Are ‘column expressions’ Expressions involving other columns in table Constants Deterministic functions Ease of use and Optimizer enhancement

Virtual Columns ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> /* ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create table emp ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> as ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select all_objects.*, object_id sal, round(dbms_random.value( 1000, 100000 )) comm ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> from all_objects ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> / ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> */ ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats( user, 'EMP' ) PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Virtual Columns ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select avg( sal+comm ) avg_comp, avg(sal) avg_sal, avg(comm) avg_comm from emp; AVG_COMP AVG_SAL AVG_COMM ---------- ---------- ---------- 85376.9437 34821.6827 50555.261 ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select count(case when sal+comm > 85376.9437 then 1 end) above_comp, 2 count(case when sal > 34821.6827 then 1 end) above_sal , 3 count(case when comm > 50555.261 then 1 end) above_comm 4 from emp; ABOVE_COMP ABOVE_SAL ABOVE_COMM ---------- ---------- ---------- 33957 33830 34036

Virtual Columns ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select * from emp where sal > 34821.6827; -------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time -------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 34673 | 3893K| 309 (1)| 00:0 |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 34673 | 3893K| 309 (1)| 00:0 -------------------------------------------------------------------- ABOVE_COMP ABOVE_SAL ABOVE_COMM ---------- ---------- ---------- 33957 33830 34036

Virtual Columns ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select * from emp where comm > 50555.261; -------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time -------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 33943 | 3811K| 309 (1)| 00:0 |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 33943 | 3811K| 309 (1)| 00:0 -------------------------------------------------------------------- ABOVE_COMP ABOVE_SAL ABOVE_COMM ---------- ---------- ---------- 33957 33830 34036

Virtual Columns ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select * from emp where sal+comm > 85376.9437; -------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time -------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 3398 | 381K| 309 (1)| 00:0 |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 3398 | 381K| 309 (1)| 00:0 -------------------------------------------------------------------- ABOVE_COMP ABOVE_SAL ABOVE_COMM ---------- ---------- ---------- 33957 33830 34036

Virtual Columns ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> ALTER TABLE emp ADD (comp AS (sal+comm)); Table altered. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats( user, 'EMP', method_opt=> 'for columns comp ' ); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Virtual Columns ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select * from emp where sal+comm > 85376.9437; -------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time -------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 33927 | 3975K| 309 (1)| 00:0 |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 33927 | 3975K| 309 (1)| 00:0 -------------------------------------------------------------------- ABOVE_COMP ABOVE_SAL ABOVE_COMM ---------- ---------- ---------- 33957 33830 34036

#7 Partitioning just got better

Partitioning Composite Completely Virtual Column Partitioning Partition by Reference Interval Partitioning

Partition (or index) on virtual (computed) columns New composite partitioning Enhanced Partitioning Range List Hash Range 9i 8i List Range List Hash Range 11g 9i 8i List 11g 11g 11g JAN FEB >5000 1000- 5000 ORDERS RANGE-RANGE Order Date by Order Value USA EUROPE >5000 1000- 5000 ORDERS LIST-RANGE Region by Order Value USA EUROPE Gold Silver ORDERS LIST-LIST Region by Customer Type

Partitioning by REFERENCE RANGE( order_date ) Primary key order_id Table ORDERS Jan 2006 ... ... Feb 2006 Table LINEITEMS Jan 2006 ... ... Feb 2006 RANGE( order_date ) Foreign key order_id Partitioning key inherited through PK-FK relationship Avoids redundant storage, maintenance of order_date

New “INTERVAL” partitioning Automatically creates a new partition when data outside the existing range is first inserted E.g., monthly partitions, automatic new partition first day of the month Composite partitioning: interval, interval-list, interval-hash, and interval-range Automates partition management Partitioning Automation ORDERS Jul Aug Sep 1 2007 Sep

Partitioning ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> create table audit_trail 2 ( ts timestamp, 3 data varchar2(30) 4 ) 5 partition by range(ts) 6 interval (numtodsinterval(1,'day')) 7 store in (users, example ) 8 (partition p0 values less than 9 (to_date('22-sep-2007','dd-mon-yyyy')) 10 ) 11 / Table created.

Partitioning ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select partition_name, tablespace_name, high_value 2 from user_tab_partitions 3 where table_name = 'AUDIT_TRAIL'; PARTITION_ TABLESPACE HIGH_VALUE ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------- P0 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-22 00:00:00'

Partitioning ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> insert into audit_trail 2 select sysdate+rownum, 'x' 3 from all_users 4 where rownum <= 5 5 / 5 rows created.

Partitioning ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select partition_name, tablespace_name, high_value 2 from user_tab_partitions 3 where table_name = 'AUDIT_TRAIL'; PARTITION_ TABLESPACE HIGH_VALUE ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------- P0 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-22 00:00:00' SYS_P66 EXAMPLE TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-23 00:00:00' SYS_P67 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-24 00:00:00' SYS_P68 EXAMPLE TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-25 00:00:00' SYS_P69 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-26 00:00:00' SYS_P70 EXAMPLE TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-27 00:00:00' 6 rows selected.

Partitioning ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select partition_name, tablespace_name, high_value 2 from user_tab_partitions 3 where table_name = 'AUDIT_TRAIL'; PARTITION_ TABLESPACE HIGH_VALUE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------- P0 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-22 00:00:00'

Partitioning ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> insert into audit_trail values ( add_months(sysdate,12), 'x' ); 1 row created. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select partition_name, tablespace_name, high_value 2 from user_tab_partitions 3 where table_name = 'AUDIT_TRAIL'; PARTITION_ TABLESPACE HIGH_VALUE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------- P0 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-22 00:00:00' SYS_P180 EXAMPLE TIMESTAMP' 2008-11-10 00:00:00'

Partitioning ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> insert into audit_trail values ( add_months(sysdate,6), 'x' ); 1 row created. ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select partition_name, tablespace_name, high_value 2 from user_tab_partitions 3 where table_name = 'AUDIT_TRAIL'; PARTITION_ TABLESPACE HIGH_VALUE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------- P0 USERS TIMESTAMP' 2007-09-22 00:00:00' SYS_P181 EXAMPLE TIMESTAMP' 2008-05-10 00:00:00' SYS_P180 EXAMPLE TIMESTAMP' 2008-11-10 00:00:00'

Pivot ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select deptno, 2 sum( decode( job, 'CLERK', sal ) ) clerk, 3 sum( decode( job, 'SALESMAN', sal ) ) salesman, 4 sum( decode( job, 'MANAGER', sal ) ) manager, 5 sum( decode( job, 'ANALYST', sal ) ) analyst, 6 sum( decode( job, 'PRESIDENT', sal ) ) president 7 from emp 8 group by deptno 9 order by deptno 10 / DEPTNO CLERK SALESMAN MANAGER ANALYST PRESIDENT ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 10 1300 2450 5000 20 1900 2975 6000 30 950 5600 2850

Pivot ops$tkyte%ORA11GR1> select * 2 from (select deptno, job, sal 3 from emp ) e 4 pivot ( sum(sal) for job in 5 ( 'CLERK', 'SALESMAN', 'MANAGER', 6 'ANALYST', 'PRESIDENT' ) ) 7 order by deptno 8 / DEPTNO 'CLERK' 'SALESMAN' 'MANAGER' 'ANALYST' 'PRESIDENT' ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- 10 1300 2450 5000 20 1900 2975 6000 30 950 5600 2850

Flashback Data Archive Total Data Recall Tamper-proof data archive Efficient storage and retrieval of undo Keep data for months, years, decades! Fast access to even very old data View data, versions of rows as of any time Control data retention time, purging of data User Tablespaces Flashback Data Archive Oracle 11g Database Select * from orders AS OF ‘Midnight 31-Dec-2004’ Changes Archive Tables

#10 Finer Grained Dependency Tracking

Finer Grained Dependency Tracking Fewer Invalidations Add to a specification – so what Add/Drop/Modify a column – so what Holds true with view modifications too Change a synonym pointer – so what Replace a procedure – so what

Finer Grained Dependency Tracking ops$tkyte%ORA10GR2> create or replace package p1 2 as 3 function f return number; 4 end; 5 / Package created. ops$tkyte%ORA10GR2> create or replace package p2 2 as 3 g_global number := p1.f; 4 end; 5 / Package created.

Finer Grained Dependency Tracking ops$tkyte%ORA10GR2> select object_name, status 2 from user_objects 3 where object_name like 'P_'; OBJECT_NAME STATUS ------------------------------ ------- P1 VALID P2 VALID

Finer Grained Dependency Tracking ops$tkyte%ORA 10GR2 > create or replace package p1 2 as 3 function f return number; 4 procedure p; 5 end; 6 / Package created. ops$tkyte%ORA 10GR2 > select object_name, status 2 from user_objects 3 where object_name like 'P_'; OBJECT_NAME STATUS ------------------------------ ------- P1 VALID P2 INVALID

Finer Grained Dependency Tracking ops$tkyte%ORA 11GR1 > create or replace package p1 2 as 3 function f return number; 4 procedure p; 5 end; 6 / Package created. ops$tkyte%ORA 11GR1 > select object_name, status 2 from user_objects 3 where object_name like 'P_'; OBJECT_NAME STATUS ------------------------------ ------- P1 VALID P2 VALID

Finer Grained Dependency Tracking ops$tkyte%ORA10GR2> create table t ( x int, y int ); Table created. ops$tkyte%ORA10GR2> create or replace procedure p 2 as 3 begin 4 for x in ( select x, y from t ) 5 loop 6 null; 7 end loop; 8 end; 9 / Procedure created. ops$tkyte%ORA10GR2> select status from user_objects where object_name = 'P'; STATUS ------- VALID

Finer Grained Dependency Tracking ops$tkyte%ORA10GR2> alter table t add z int; Table altered. ops$tkyte% ORA10GR2 > select status from user_objects where object_name = 'P'; STATUS ------- INVALID ops$tkyte% ORA11GR1 > select status from user_objects where object_name = 'P'; STATUS ------- VALID

Finer Grained Dependency Tracking ops$tkyte%ORA10GR2> alter procedure p compile; Procedure altered. ops$tkyte%ORA10GR2> alter table t drop column z; Table altered. ops$tkyte% ORA10GR2 > select status from user_objects where object_name = 'P'; STATUS ------- INVALID ops$tkyte% ORA11GR1 > select status from user_objects where object_name = 'P'; STATUS ------- VALID

Oracle 9i compresses data only during bulk load; useful for DW and ILM Oracle 11g compresses w/ inserts, updates Trade some cpu for disk & i/o efficiency Compress large application tables Transaction processing, data warehousing Compress all data types : structured, unstructured Savings cascade to all db copies: test, dev, standby, mirrors, archiving, backup, etc. Oracle Advanced Compression

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