14 mvc

© 2010 Marty Hall
Integrating Servlets and JSP:
The Model View Controller
(MVC) Architecture(MVC) Architecture
Originals of Slides and Source Code for Examples:
http://courses.coreservlets.com/Course-Materials/csajsp2.html
Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Servlets, JSP, JSF 2.0, Struts, Ajax, GWT 2.0, Spring, Hibernate, SOAP & RESTful Web Services, Java 6.
Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.2
© 2010 Marty Hall
For live Java EE training, please see training courses
at http://courses.coreservlets.com/.at http://courses.coreservlets.com/.
Servlets, JSP, Struts, JSF 1.x, JSF 2.0, Ajax (with jQuery, Dojo,
Prototype, Ext-JS, Google Closure, etc.), GWT 2.0 (with GXT),
Java 5, Java 6, SOAP-based and RESTful Web Services, Spring,g
Hibernate/JPA, and customized combinations of topics.
Taught by the author of Core Servlets and JSP, More
Servlets and JSP and this tutorial Available at public
Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.
Servlets and JSP, and this tutorial. Available at public
venues, or customized versions can be held on-site at your
organization. Contact hall@coreservlets.com for details.

Agenda
• Understanding the benefits of MVC
• Using RequestDispatcher to implement MVC
• Forwarding requests from servlets to JSP
pages
• Handling relative URLs
• Choosing among different display options
• Comparing data-sharing strategies
4
© 2010 Marty Hall
MVC Motivation

Uses of JSP Constructs
• Scripting elements calling servletSimple Scripting elements calling servlet
code directly
• Scripting elements calling servlet
p
Application
g g
code indirectly (by means of utility
classes)
B• Beans
• Servlet/JSP combo (MVC)
MVC ith JSP i l• MVC with JSP expression language
• Custom tags
MVC ith b t t d
Complex
Application
• MVC with beans, custom tags, and
a framework like Struts or JSF
6
Why Combine Servlets & JSP?
• Typical picture: use JSP to make it easier to
d l d i i h HTMdevelop and maintain the HTML content
– For simple dynamic code, call servlet code from
scripting elementsscripting elements
– For slightly more complex applications, use custom
classes called from scripting elements
– For moderately complex applications,
use beans and custom tags
• But that’s not enough• But, that s not enough
– For complex processing, starting with JSP is awkward
– Despite the ease of separating the real code into separatep p g p
classes, beans, and custom tags, the assumption behind
JSP is that a single page gives a single basic look
7

Possibilities for Handling a
Single RequestSingle Request
• Servlet only. Works well when:
O i bi E i– Output is a binary type. E.g.: an image
– There is no output. E.g.: you are doing forwarding or redirection as
in Search Engine example.
– Format/layout of page is highly variable. E.g.: portal.
• JSP only. Works well when:
– Output is mostly character data. E.g.: HTMLp y g
– Format/layout mostly fixed.
• Combination (MVC architecture). Needed when:
A i l t ill lt i lti l b t ti ll diff t– A single request will result in multiple substantially different-
looking results.
– You have a large development team with different team members
doing the Web development and the business logicdoing the Web development and the business logic.
– You perform complicated data processing, but have a relatively
fixed layout.
8
MVC Misconceptions
• An elaborate framework is necessary
– Frameworks are sometimes useful
• Struts
• JavaServer Faces (JSF)JavaServer Faces (JSF)
– They are not required!
• Implementing MVC with the builtin RequestDispatcher
works very well for most simple and moderately complexworks very well for most simple and moderately complex
applications
• MVC totally changes your overall system
design
– You can use MVC for individual requests
Thi k f it th MVC h t th– Think of it as the MVC approach, not the
MVC architecture
• Also called the Model 2 approach9

© 2010 Marty Hall
Beans
Review: Beans
• Java classes that follow certain conventions
– Must have a zero-argument (empty) constructor
• You can satisfy this requirement either by explicitly
defining such a constructor or by omitting all constructorsg y g
• In this version of MVC, it is not required to have zero arg
constructor if you only instantiate from Java code
– Should have no public instance variables (fields)Should have no public instance variables (fields)
• I hope you already follow this practice and use accessor
methods instead of allowing direct access to fields
Persistent values should be accessed through methods– Persistent values should be accessed through methods
called getXxx and setXxx
• If class has method getTitle that returns a String, class
i id t h St i t d i lis said to have a String property named title
• Boolean properties can use isXxx instead of getXxx
11

Bean Properties: Examples
Method Names Property Name Example JSP Usage
getFirstName
setFirstName
firstName <jsp:getProperty … property="firstName"/>
<jsp:setProperty … property="firstName"/>
${customer.firstName}
isExecutive
setExecutive
(boolean property)
executive <jsp:getProperty … property="executive"/>
<jsp:setProperty … property="executive"/>
${customer.executive}
getExecutive
setExecutive
(boolean property)
executive <jsp:getProperty … property="executive"/>
<jsp:setProperty … property="executive"/>
${customer.executive}
getZIP
setZIP
ZIP <jsp:getProperty … property="ZIP"/>
<jsp:setProperty … property="ZIP"/>
${address.ZIP}
12
Note 1: property name does not exist anywhere in your code. It is just a shortcut for the method name.
Note 2: property name is derived only from method name. Instance variable name is irrelevant.
Example: StringBean
package coreservlets;
public class StringBean {
private String message = "No message specified";
public String getMessage() {
return(message);
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
hithis.message = message;
}
}
• Beans installed in normal Java directory
– Eclipse: src/folderMatchingPackage
l d / / l /f ld h k– Deployed: …/WEB-INF/classes/folderMatchingPackage
• Beans (and utility classes) must always be in packages!
13

© 2010 Marty Hall
Basic MVC Design
MVC Flow of Control
HTML or JSP
Java Code
(Business Logic)
R l
Form
Servletsubmit form
(Form ACTION matches
url-pattern of servlet)
Results
(beans)
(Store beans in request,
session, or application scope)
request.setAttribute("customer",
JSP
q ( ,
currentCustomer);
JSP1
JSP2
JSP3
(Extract data from beans
and put in output)
15
p p )

Implementing MVC with
RequestDispatcherRequestDispatcher
1. Define beans to represent result data
– Ordinary Java classes with at least one getBlah method
2. Use a servlet to handle requests
S l d h k f i i– Servlet reads request parameters, checks for missing
and malformed data, calls business logic, etc.
3. Obtain bean instances3. Obtain bean instances
– The servlet invokes business logic (application-specific
code) or data-access code to obtain the results.
4. Store the bean in the request, session, or
servlet context
Th l t ll tAtt ib t th t i– The servlet calls setAttribute on the request, session, or
servlet context objects to store a reference to the beans
that represent the results of the request.16
Implementing MVC with
RequestDispatcher (Continued)RequestDispatcher (Continued)
5. Forward the request to a JSP page.
– The servlet determines which JSP page is appropriate to
the situation and uses the forward method of
RequestDispatcher to transfer control to that page.RequestDispatcher to transfer control to that page.
6. Extract the data from the beans.
– JSP 1.2: the JSP page accesses beans with jsp:useBeanp g j p
and a scope matching the location of step 4. The page
then uses jsp:getProperty to output the bean properties.
JSP 2 0: the JSP page uses– JSP 2.0: the JSP page uses
${nameFromServlet.property} to output bean properties
– Either way, the JSP page does not create or modify the
bean; it merely extracts and displays data that the servlet
created.
17

Request Forwarding Example
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)p p p )
throws ServletException, IOException {
... // Do business logic and get data
String operation = request.getParameter("operation");
if (operation == null) {if (operation == null) {
operation = "unknown";
}
String address;
if (operation.equals("order")) {
address = "/WEB-INF/Order.jsp";
} else if (operation.equals("cancel")) {
address = "/WEB-INF/Cancel jsp";address = /WEB INF/Cancel.jsp ;
} else {
address = "/WEB-INF/UnknownOperation.jsp";
}
RequestDispatcher dispatcher =
request.getRequestDispatcher(address);
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}18
jsp:useBean in MVC vs.
in Standalone JSP Pagesin Standalone JSP Pages
• The JSP page should not create
h bjthe objects
– The servlet, not the JSP page, should create all the data
objects So to guarantee that the JSP page will not createobjects. So, to guarantee that the JSP page will not create
objects, you should use
<jsp:useBean ... type="package.Class" />
i d finstead of
<jsp:useBean ... class="package.Class" />
• The JSP page should not modify
the objects
S h ld j b– So, you should use jsp:getProperty but not
jsp:setProperty.
19

© 2010 Marty Hall
Scopes:
request, session, and
application (ServletContext)application (ServletContext)
Reminder: jsp:useBean
Scope Alternatives (JSP 1 2 Only!)Scope Alternatives (JSP 1.2 Only!)
• request
– <jsp:useBean id="..." type="..." scope="request" />
• session
j B id " " " " " i " /– <jsp:useBean id="..." type="..." scope="session" />
• application
<jsp:useBean id=" " type=" " scope="application" />– <jsp:useBean id= ... type= ... scope= application />
• page
– <jsp:useBean id=" " type=" " scope="page" /><jsp:useBean id ... type ... scope page />
or just
<jsp:useBean id="..." type="..." />
Thi i t d i MVC (M d l 2) hit t– This scope is not used in MVC (Model 2) architecture
21

Request-Based Data Sharing
• Servlet
ValueObject value = LookupService.findResult(...);
request.setAttribute("key", value);
request.getRequestDispatcher
("/WEB-INF/SomePage.jsp");
• JSP 1.2
<jsp:useBean id="key" type="somePackage.ValueObject"<jsp:useBean id key type somePackage.ValueObject
scope="request" />
<jsp:getProperty name="key" property="someProperty" />
JSP 2 0
Name chosen by the servlet
• JSP 2.0
${key.someProperty}
22
Name chosen by the servlet.
Name of accessor method, minus the
word "get", with next letter changed
to lower case.
Request-Based Data Sharing:
Simplified ExampleSimplified Example
• Servlet
C t C t
Assume that the Customer constructor
handles missing/malformed data.
Customer myCustomer =
Lookup.findCust(request.getParameter("customerID"));
request.setAttribute("customer", myCustomer);
RequestDispatcher dispatcher =RequestDispatcher dispatcher
• JSP 1.2
<jsp:useBean id="customer" type="somePackage.Customer"j p yp g
scope="request" />
<jsp:getProperty name="customer" property="firstName"/>
• JSP 2 0• JSP 2.0
23
Note: the Customer class must
have a method called “getFirstName”.

Session-Based Data Sharing
• Servlet
l bj l k i fi d l ( )ValueObject value = LookupService.findResult(...);
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("key", value);
RequestDispatcher dispatcher =RequestDispatcher dispatcher
• JSP 1.2
<jsp:useBean id="key" type="somePackage.ValueObject"j p y yp g j
scope="session" />
• JSP 2 0JSP 2.0
${key.someProperty}
24
Session-Based Data Sharing:
VariationVariation
• Redirect to page instead of forwarding to it
U dR di i d f R Di h f d– Use response.sendRedirect instead of RequestDispatcher.forward
• Distinctions: with sendRedirect:
– User sees JSP URL (user sees only servlet URL with( y
RequestDispatcher.forward)
– Two round trips to client (only one with forward)
• Advantage of sendRedirectAdvantage of sendRedirect
– User can visit JSP page separately
• User can bookmark JSP page
Disadvantages of sendRedirect• Disadvantages of sendRedirect
– Two round trips to server is more expensive
– Since user can visit JSP page without going through servlet first,
b d i h b il blbean data might not be available
• So, JSP page needs code to detect this situation
25

ServletContext-Based Data
Sharing (Rare)Sharing (Rare)
• Servlet
synchronized(this) {
ValueObject value = SomeLookup.findResult(...);
getServletContext().setAttribute("key", value);
Req estDispatcher dispatcherRequestDispatcher dispatcher =
dispatcher forward(request response);dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
• JSP 1.2
<j B id "k " t " P k V l Obj t"<jsp:useBean id="key" type="somePackage.ValueObject"
scope="application" />
• JSP 2.0
${key.someProperty}
26
Relative URLs in JSP Pages
• Issue:
– Forwarding with a request dispatcher is transparent to the
client. Original URL is only URL browser knows about.
• Why does this matter?• Why does this matter?
– What will browser do with tags like the following?
<img src="foo.gif" …>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="my-styles.css"href my styles.css
type="text/css">
<a href="bar.jsp">…</a>
– Browser treats addresses as relative to servlet URL
27

© 2010 Marty Hall
Examples
Applying MVC:
Bank Account BalancesBank Account Balances
• Bean
B kC t– BankCustomer
• Business Logic
– BankCustomerLookup
• Servlet that populates bean and forwards to
appropriate JSP page
– Reads customer ID calls BankCustomerLookup’sReads customer ID, calls BankCustomerLookup s
data-access code to obtain BankCustomer
– Uses current balance to decide on appropriate result page
• JSP pages to display results• JSP pages to display results
– Negative balance: warning page
– Regular balance: standard page
Hi h b l ith d ti t dd d– High balance: page with advertisements added
– Unknown customer ID: error page
29

Bank Account Balances:
Servlet CodeServlet Code
public class ShowBalance extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,p ( p q q ,
HttpServletResponse response)
BankCustomer currentCustomer =
BankCustomerLookup getCustomerBankCustomerLookup.getCustomer
(request.getParameter("id"));
request.setAttribute("customer", currentCustomer);
String address;
if (currentCustomer == null) {
address =
"/WEB-INF/bank-account/UnknownCustomer.jsp";
} else if (currentCustomer getBalance() < 0) {} else if (currentCustomer.getBalance() < 0) {
address =
"/WEB-INF/bank-account/NegativeBalance.jsp";
} ...
30
BeanBean
public class BankCustomer {
private final String id, firstName, lastName;p g , , ;
private final double balance;
public BankCustomer(String id,
String firstName
Since the constructor is called from Java only
(never from JSP), the requirement for a zero-arg
constructor is eliminated. Also, since bean state
is set only with constructor, rather than with
jsp:setProperty, we can eliminate setter
methods and make the class immutable.
String firstName,
String lastName,
double balance) {
this.id = id;
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.balance = balance;
}}
// Getters for four instance variables. No setters.
public double getBalanceNoSign() {
return(Math.abs(balance));
}
}31

Business LogicBusiness Logic
public class BankCustomerLookup {
private static Map<String,BankCustomer> customers;private static Map<String,BankCustomer> customers;
static {
// Populate Map with some sample customersp p p
}
…
public static BankCustomer getCustomer(String id) {
return(customers.get(id));
}}
}
32
Input FormInput Form
…
<fieldset><fieldset>
<legend>Bank Account Balance</legend>
<form action="./show-balance">
Customer ID: <input type="text" name="id"><br>p yp
<input type="submit" value="Show Balance">
</form>
</fieldset> For the servlet, use the address http://host/appName/show-balance that is set via url-pattern in web.xml
…
33

JSP 1 2 Code (Negative Balance)JSP 1.2 Code (Negative Balance)
…
<BODY>
<TABLE BORDER=5 ALIGN="CENTER">
<TR><TH CLASS="TITLE">
We Know Where You Live!</TABLE>
<P><P>
<IMG SRC="/bank-support/Club.gif" ALIGN="LEFT">
<jsp:useBean id="customer"
type="coreservlets.BankCustomer"
scope="request" />
Watch out,
<jsp:getProperty name="customer"
property="firstName" />property= firstName />,
we know where you live.
<P>
Pay us the $<jsp:getProperty name="customer"
/property="balanceNoSign" />
you owe us before it is too late!
</BODY></HTML>
34
JSP 2 0 Code (Negative Balance)JSP 2.0 Code (Negative Balance)
…
<BODY><BODY>
<TABLE BORDER=5 ALIGN="CENTER">
<TR><TH CLASS="TITLE">
We Know Where You Live!</TABLE>
<P>
<IMG SRC="/bank-support/Club.gif" ALIGN="LEFT">
Watch out, ${customer.firstName},
we know where you live.
<P>
Pay us the $${customer.balanceNoSign}
b f it i t l t !you owe us before it is too late!
</BODY></HTML>
35

web xmlweb.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2 4" ><web app version 2.4 ...>

<servlet>
<servlet-name>ShowBalance</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>coreservlets.ShowBalance</servlet-class>
</servlet>
l i<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ShowBalance</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/show-balance</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping></servlet-mapping>
...
</web-app>
36
ResultsResults
37

Comparing Data-Sharing
Approaches: RequestApproaches: Request
• Goal
– Display a random number to the user
Type of sharing• Type of sharing
– Each request should result in a new number, so request-
based sharing is appropriate.g pp p
38
Request-Based Sharing: Bean
public class NumberBean {
private final double num;
public NumberBean(double number) {
this.num = number;
}}
public double getNumber() {
return(num);etu ( u );
}
}
The property name in JSP will be “number”. The property name is derived from the method name, not from
39
The property name in JSP will be number . The property name is derived from the method name, not from
the instance variable name. Also note the lack of a corresponding setter.

Request-Based Sharing: Servlet
public class RandomNumberServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest requestpublic void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
NumberBean bean =NumberBean bean
RanUtils.getRandomNum(request.getParameter("range"));
request.setAttribute("randomNum", bean);
String address = "/WEB-INF/mvc-sharing/RandomNum.jsp";g / / g/ j p ;
dispatcher.forward(request, response);p q p
}
}
40
Request-Based Sharing:
Business LogicBusiness Logic
public class RanUtils {
public static NumberBean getRandomNum(String rangeString) {public static NumberBean getRandomNum(String rangeString) {
double range;
try {
range = Double.parseDouble(rangeString);range Double.parseDouble(rangeString);
} catch(Exception e) {
range = 10.0;
}}
return(new NumberBean(Math.random() * range));
}
}
41

URL Pattern (web xml)URL Pattern (web.xml)
...
<servlet><servlet>
<servlet-name>RandomNumberServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
coreservlets RandomNumberServletcoreservlets.RandomNumberServlet
</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping><servlet mapping>
<servlet-name>RandomNumberServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/random-number</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>/se et app g
...
42
Input FormInput Form
...
<fieldset><fieldset>
<legend>Random Number</legend>
<form action="./random-number">
Range: <input type="text" name="range"><br/>Range: <input type= text name= range ><br/>
<input type="submit" value="Show Number">
</form>
</fieldset></fieldset>
...
43

Request-Based Sharing: JSP 1.2
…
<BODY><BODY>
<jsp:useBean id="randomNum"
type="coreservlets.NumberBean"
scope="request" />scope= request />
<H2>Random Number:
<jsp:getProperty name="randomNum"
property="number" />property number />
</H2>
</BODY></HTML>
44
Request-Based Sharing: JSP 2.0
…
<BODY><BODY>
<H2>Random Number: ${randomNum.number}</H2>
</BODY></HTML>
45

ResultsResults
46
Approaches: SessionApproaches: Session
• Goal
– Display users’ first and last names.
– If the users fail to tell us their name, we want to use
whatever name they gave us previouslywhatever name they gave us previously.
– If the users do not explicitly specify a name and no
previous name is found, a warning should be displayed.
• Type of sharing
D i d f h li i b d h i i– Data is stored for each client, so session-based sharing is
appropriate.
47

Session-Based Sharing: Bean
public class NameBean implements Serializable {
private String firstName = "Missing first name";p g g
private String lastName = "Missing last name";
public String getFirstName() {
return(firstName);return(firstName);
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
if (!isMissing(firstName)) {if (!isMissing(firstName)) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}
}
... // getLastName, setLastName
private boolean isMissing(String value) {
return((value == null) || (value.trim().equals("")));
}
}
48
Session-Based Sharing: Servlet
public class RegistrationServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
synchronized(session) {y ( ) {
NameBean nameBean =
(NameBean)session.getAttribute("name");
if (nameBean == null) {
nameBean = new NameBean();();
session.setAttribute("name", nameBean);
}
nameBean.setFirstName(request.getParameter("firstName"));
nameBean.setLastName(request.getParameter("lastName"));nameBean.setLastName(request.getParameter( lastName ));
String address = "/WEB-INF/mvc-sharing/ShowName.jsp";
dispatcher forward(request response);dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
}
}
49

Session-Based Sharing: JSP 1.2
…
<BODY><BODY>
<H1>Thanks for Registering</H1>
<jsp:useBean id="name"
type="coreservlets NameBean"type= coreservlets.NameBean
scope="session" />
<H2>First Name:
<jsp:getProperty name="name"<jsp:getProperty name name
property="firstName" /></H2>
<H2>Last Name:
<jsp:getProperty name="name"jsp:get ope ty a e a e
property="lastName" /></H2>
</BODY></HTML>
50
Session-Based Sharing: JSP 2.0
…
<BODY><BODY>
<H1>Thanks for Registering</H1>
<H2>First Name: ${name.firstName}</H2>
<H2>Last Name: ${name.lastName}</H2>
</BODY></HTML>
51

Session-Based Sharing:
ResultsResults
Note: url patternNote: url-pattern
in web.xml is
"register".
52
Approaches: ServletContextApproaches: ServletContext
• Goal
– Display a prime number of a specified length.
– If the user fails to tell us the desired length, we want to
use whatever prime number we most recently computeduse whatever prime number we most recently computed
for any user.
• Type of sharing
– Data is shared among multiple clients, so application-
based sharing is appropriatebased sharing is appropriate.
53

ServletContext-Based Sharing:
BeanBean
import java.math.BigInteger;p j g g ;
public class PrimeBean {
private BigInteger prime;
public PrimeBean(String lengthString) {
int length = 150;
try {t y {
length = Integer.parseInt(lengthString);
} catch(NumberFormatException nfe) {}
this.prime = Primes.nextPrime(Primes.random(length));
}}
public BigInteger getPrime() {
return(prime);return(prime);
}
…
}54
ServletServlet
public class PrimeServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,p ( p q q ,
String length = request.getParameter("primeLength");
ServletContext context = getServletContext();ServletContext context = getServletContext();
synchronized(this) {
if ((context.getAttribute("primeBean") == null) ||
(!isMissing(length))) {
PrimeBean primeBean = new PrimeBean(length);
context.setAttribute("primeBean", primeBean);
}
String address = "/WEB-INF/mvc-sharing/ShowPrime.jsp";g / / g/ j p ;
}}
}
… // Definition of isMissing: null or empty string
}55

JSP 1 2JSP 1.2
…
<BODY><BODY>
<H1>A Prime Number</H1>
<jsp:useBean id="primeBean"
type="coreservlets PrimeBean"type= coreservlets.PrimeBean
scope="application" />
<jsp:getProperty name="primeBean"
property="prime" />property prime />
</BODY></HTML>
56
JSP 2 0JSP 2.0
…
<BODY><BODY>
<H1>A Prime Number</H1>
${primeBean.prime}
</BODY></HTML></BODY></HTML>
57

Forwarding from JSP Pages
<% String destination;
if (Math random() > 0 5) {if (Math.random() > 0.5) {
destination = "/examples/page1.jsp";
} else {
destination = "/examples/page2 jsp";destination = /examples/page2.jsp ;
}
%>
<jsp:forward page="<%= destination %>" /><jsp:forward page <% destination %> />
• Legal but bad idea• Legal, but bad idea
– Business and control logic belongs in servlets
– Keep JSP focused on presentationp p
60
Including Pages Instead of
Forwarding to ThemForwarding to Them
• With the forward method of
RequestDispatcher:RequestDispatcher:
– New page generates all of the output
– Original page cannot generate any outputg p g g y p
• With the include method of
RequestDispatcher:
O t t b t d b lti l– Output can be generated by multiple pages
– Original page can generate output before and after the
included page
– Original servlet does not see the output of the included
page (for this, see later topic on servlet/JSP filters)
– Applicationspp
• Portal-like applications (see first example)
• Setting content type for output (see second example)
61

Using RequestDispatcher.include:
portalsportals
response.setContentType("text/html");
String firstTable, secondTable, thirdTable;
if ( di i ) {if (someCondition) {
firstTable = "/WEB-INF/Sports-Scores.jsp";
secondTable = "/WEB-INF/Stock-Prices.jsp";
thirdTable = "/WEB-INF/Weather.jsp";
} else if ( ) { }} else if (...) { ... }
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/Header.jsp");
dispatcher.include(request, response);
dispatcher =dispatcher =
request.getRequestDispatcher(firstTable);
dispatcher =
request.getRequestDispatcher(secondTable);request.getRequestDispatcher(secondTable);
dispatcher =
request.getRequestDispatcher(thirdTable);
dispatcher.include(request, response);p q p
dispatcher =
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/Footer.jsp");
62
Using RequestDispatcher.include:
Setting Content-Type of OutputSetting Content Type of Output
// From Ajax example
public void doGet( ) {public void doGet(...) ... {
...
if ("xml".equals(format)) {
response.setContentType("text/xml");p yp ( )
outputPage = "/WEB-INF/results/cities-xml.jsp";
} else if ("json".equals(format)) {
response.setContentType("application/json");
outputPage = "/WEB-INF/results/cities-json.jsp";
} else {
response.setContentType("text/plain");
t tP "/WEB INF/ lt / iti t i j "outputPage = "/WEB-INF/results/cities-string.jsp";
}
request getRequestDispatcher(outputPage);request.getRequestDispatcher(outputPage);
}
63

cities-xml.jsp
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<cities><cities>
<city>
<name>${cities[0].name}</name>
<time>${cities[0] shortTime}</time><time>${cities[0].shortTime}</time>
<population>${cities[0].population}</population>
</city>
......
</cities>
• Notes
– Because I use .jsp (not .jspx) and classic JSP syntax, the
default content-type is text/html
– I could use <%@ page contentType="text/xml" %> hereI could use <%@ page contentType text/xml %> here,
but it is more convenient to do it in calling servlet and
keep this page simple and focused on presentation
64
Summary
• Use MVC (Model 2) approach when:
O b i i ill l i h b i l k– One submission will result in more than one basic look
– Several pages have substantial common processing
• ArchitectureArchitecture
– A servlet answers the original request
– Servlet does the real work & stores results in beans
• Beans stored in HttpServletRequest, HttpSession, or
ServletContext
– Servlet forwards to JSP page via forward method of
RequestDispatcher
– JSP page reads data from beans
• JSP 1 2: jsp:useBean with appropriate scope (requestJSP 1.2: jsp:useBean with appropriate scope (request,
session, or application) plus jsp:getProperty
• JSP 2.x: ${beanName.propertyName}
65

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