1_Introduction to Java.pptx java programming

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
& ENGINEERING
Subject Name: Java Programming
Day: 1
Topics Covered: Introduction to Java
1
Name of the School: School of Computer Science and
Engineering
Course Code: E2UC304C Course Name:Java & Java Script
Faculty Name: Programe Name: B.Tech (CSE,AI &ML)

Prerequisites, Objectives and Outcomes
2
Prerequisite of topic: Basic concepts related to java programming
Objective: To make students aware about the different types of
exceptions along with numerous handling mechanisms available.
Outcome : 1. Student will be able to know about types of exceptions in
Java.
2. Students will be able to understand various exception handling
mechanisms.
3. Students will be able to implement in practical applications.

History of Java
3
 Java technology was created as a computer programming tool in a small, secret
effort called "the Green Project" at Sun Microsystems in 1991.
 They were trying to anticipate and plan for the "next wave" in computing. Their initial
conclusion was that at least one significant trend would be the convergence of digitally
controlled consumer devices and computers.
 A device-independent programming language code-named "Oak" was the result.
 To demonstrate how this new language could power the future of digital devices, the Green
Team developed an interactive, handheld home-entertainment device controller targeted at the
digital cable television industry. But the idea was too far ahead of its time, and the digital cable
television industry wasn't ready for the leap forward that Java technology offered them.
 In 1995, the team was able to announce that the Netscape Navigator Internet browser would
incorporate Java technology.

Object-Oriented Programming
4
 One of the most important characteristics of procedural programming is that it relies on procedures that
operate on data – these (Procedure and data) are two separate concepts.
 In object-oriented programming, these two concepts are bundled into objects.
 Object-oriented programming, or OOP, is an approach to problem-solving where all computations are
carried out using objects. An object is a component of a program that knows how to perform certain actions
and how to interact with other elements of the program.
 Objects are the basic units of object-oriented programming. A simple example of an object would be a
person. Logically, you would expect a person to have a name. This would be considered a property of the
person.
 You would also expect a person to be able to do something, such as walking. This would be considered a
method of the person.

Salient Features of Java
5
 Your Java programming language is object oriented, yet it's still dead simple.
 Your development cycle is much faster because Java technology is interpreted. The compile-
link-load-test-crash-debug cycle is obsolete--now you just compile and run.
 Your applications are portable across multiple platforms. Write your applications once, and you
never need to port them--they will run without modification on multiple operating systems and
hardware architectures.
 Your applications are robust because the Java runtime environment manages memory for you.

Salient Features of Java (Cond..)
6
 Your interactive graphical applications have high performance because
multiple concurrent threads of activity in your application are supported by
the multithreading built into the Java programming language and runtime
platform.
 Your applications are adaptable to changing environments because you can
dynamically download code modules from anywhere on the network.
 Your end users can trust that your applications are secure, even though
they're downloading code from all over the Internet; the Java runtime
environment has built-in protection against viruses and tampering.

Java Language or Platform ?
7
 Java is one of the world's most widely used computer language. Java is a simple,
general-purpose, object-oriented, interpreted, robust, secure, architecture-neutral,
portable, high-performance, multithreaded computer language.
 It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere"
(WORA), meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be
recompiled to run on another.
 Java technology is both a programming language and a platform.
 Java is a high level, robust, secured and object-oriented programming language.
And any hardware or software environment in which a program runs, is known
as a platform.
 Since Java has its own runtime environment (JRE) and API, it is called platform.

Where Java is used?
8
 There are many devices where java is currently used. Some of them are as
follows:
 DesktopApplications
 WebApplications
 Mobile
 Embedded System
 Robotics
 Games etc

9
Getting Started with Java
Programming

Requirement of Software in Java Programming
10
 Download Free software Java Development Kit (JDK 1.5 or above)
 One Editor to write Source code
 Notepad
 Edit plus
 Java supporting IDE

JDK VERSIONS
11
 Major release versions of Java, along with their release dates:
 JDK 1.0 (January 21, 1996)
 JDK 1.1 (February 19, 1997)
 J2SE 1.2 (December 8, 1998)
 J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000)
 J2SE 1.4 (February 6, 2002)
 J2SE 5.0 (September 30, 2004)
 Java SE 6 (December 11, 2006)
 Java SE 7 (July 28, 2011)
 Java SE 8 (March 18, 2014)

JDK VERSIONS (Contd..)
JDK VERSIONS (Contd..)
12
Java SE 8 (LTS) March 2014
January 2019 for Oracle (commercial)
December 2030 for Oracle (non-commercial)
December 2030 forAzul
At least May 2026 forAdoptOpenJDK
At least May 2026 forAmazon Corretto
Java SE 9 September 2017 March 2018 for OpenJDK
Java SE 10 March 2018 September 2018 for OpenJDK
Java SE 11 (LTS) September 2018
September 2026 forAzul
At least October 2024 for AdoptOpenJDK
At least September 2027 for Amazon Corretto
At least October 2024 for Microsoft
Java SE 13 September 2019 March 2020 for OpenJDK
Java SE 15 September 2020
March 2021 for OpenJDK
March 2023 forAzul
Java SE 17 (LTS) September 2021
September 2029 forAzul
At least September 2027 for Microsoft

Installation of JDK
13
 Steps to Install & Run Java Program
 1. Download JDK
 2. Set path using environment variable
 Environment Variable:
JAVA_HOME :- path upto JDK
C:Program Files (x86)Javajdk1.8.0;
path :- path upto bin directory
C:Program Files (x86)Javajdk1.8.0bin;
 3. Open an editor -> write java code -> save file with .java extension
 4. Open command prompt -> To compile: - C>javac Abc.java
 To run > C> java Abc

Life Cycle of Java Program
14
Life Cycle of Java Program
 In the Java programming language, all source code is first written in
plain text files ending with the .java extension.
 Those source files are then compiled into .class files by the javac
compiler.
 A .class file does not contain code that is native to your processor; it
instead contains bytecodes — the machine language of the Java Virtual
Machine1 (Java VM).
 The java launcher tool then runs your application with an instance of the
Java Virtual Machine.

15
Getting Started with Java Programming
//This application program prints Welcome to Java!
public class Welcome
{
public static void main(String args[ ])
{
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
 Create one directory say AMIT in D drive
 Save this file with name “Welcome.java” in Amit directory

Creating and Compiling Programs
16
To compile: open command
prompt Go to the directory
D:Amit>
• D:Amit>
• To compile the source code
• javac Filename
• D:Amit> javac
Welcome.java
Source Code
Create/Modify Source Code
Compile Source Code
i.e. javac Welcome.java
Bytecode
Run Byteode
i.e. java Welcome
Result
If compilation errors
If runtime errors or in
correct result

17
Program Execution
 On command line
 java Filename
 D:Amit>java
Welcome
Java
Interpreter
on Windows
Java
Interpreter
on Sun Solaris
Java
Interpreter
on Linux
Bytecode
...
Program Execution

18
Execution of Java Program
 On command line
 java Filename
Java
Interpreter
on Windows
Java
Interpreter
on Sun Solaris
Java
Interpreter
on Linux
Bytecode
...
Execution of Java Program

Write & Execute Java Program
19
Open Notepad
Write java program
Compile your program
D:Amit>javacWelcome.java
Execute your class file
D:Amit>javaWelcome
output:...Welcome to Java

The Bytecode
20
 Compiled or interpreted?
 Both.
 Compiled into bytecode.
 Bytecode is in then interpreted by the java virtual machine.
 Each platform has it’s own java virtual machine on it.
 There are three ways of handing the byte code.
 There could be a byte-code interpreter.
 There could be a byte-code compiler for the machine that is it actually run on.
 There could be a java chip (which is underdevelopment).
o The bytecode is the chips actual machine language.

The Java Execution Model
21
Java source code
Java byte-code
CPU1 Native machine code
CPU2
Java chip
Byte-code
interpreter
Byte-code
compiler
Java compiler
Java virtual machine
Java virtual machine
Java machine
Platform
independent
Platform
dependent

Characteristics of Java
22
1. Java is simple
2. Java is object-oriented
3. Java is distributed
4. Java is interpreted and has high performance
5. Java is robust
6. Java is secure
7. Java is architecture-neutral
8. Java is multithreaded
9. Java is dynamic

23
 Avoid platform dependencies:You can keep your program portable by avoiding the use of libraries
written in other languages.
 Write once, run anywhere: Because applications written in the Java programming language are
compiled into machine-independent bytecodes, they run consistently on any Java platform.
 Distribute software more easily:With Java Web Start software, users will be able to launch your
applications with a single click of the mouse.
 An automatic version check at startup ensures that users are always up to date with the latest version of
your software. If an update is available, the Java Web Start software will automatically update their
installation.

24
 Get started quickly:Although the Java programming language is a powerful object-oriented
language, it's easy to learn, especially for programmers already familiar with C or C++.
 Write less code: Comparisons of program metrics (class counts, method counts, and so on)
suggest that a program written in the Java programming language can be four times smaller
than the same program written in C++.
 Write better code:The Java programming language encourages good coding practices, and
automatic garbage collection helps you avoid memory leaks. Its object orientation, its
JavaBeans™ component architecture, and its wide-ranging, easily extendible API let you reuse
existing, tested code and introduce fewer bugs.
 Develop programs more quickly:The Java programming language is simpler than C++,
and as such, your development time could be up to twice as fast when writing in it. Your
programs will also require fewer lines of code

References:
25
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
https://www.javatpoint.com/exception-handling-in-java
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_exceptions.htm
The complete reference, eleventh edition, available at:
https://gfgc.kar.nic.in/sirmv-science/GenericDocHandler/138-a2973dc6-c024
-4d81-be6d-5c3344f232ce.pdf

1_Introduction to Java.pptx java programming

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