1.compensation of reactive power using d statcom in grid interfaced pv system
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This document summarizes a research paper on using a D-STATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) with an LCL passive filter to compensate for reactive power and improve power quality in a grid-interfaced photovoltaic (PV) system. The D-STATCOM injects current to mitigate voltage fluctuations. Simulation results show improvements in three-phase output voltage at the transmission and distribution levels as well as increased power generation from both the transmission system and PV system. In conclusion, the integration of FACTS devices like the D-STATCOM can help maintain desired power quality standards while reducing distortions and improving the power factor.
![www.jst.org.in 1 | Page
Journal of Science and Technology (JST)
Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2017, PP 01-06
www.jst.org.in ISSN: 2456 - 5660
Compensation of Reactive Power Using D-Statcom In Grid
Interfaced PV System
SK.Daryabi1
, Karri Sai Kumar2
, G Venkata Harsha Vardhan3
, Kornana
Goutham4
, Ponduru Ganesh5
1
(Associate Professor, Electrical Department, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, India)
2,3,4,5
(Electrical Department, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, India)
Abstract: This paper displays the upgrade of voltage droops, Harmonic mutilation and low power figure
utilizing Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) with LCL Passive Filter in Distribution Framework.
At whatever point there is an entrance of photovoltaic cell energy to the low voltage appropriated matrix, there
happen the issue of confuse in voltage and recurrence in the system, maybe brought on by non-direct loads,
creating music. The model depends on the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) guideline. The D-STATCOM infuses
a current into the framework to alleviate the voltage lists. LCL Passive Filter Was then added to D-STATCOM
to enhance symphonies bending and low power figure. The reproductions were performed utilizing MATLAB
SIMULINK.
I. INTRODUCTION
An extending enthusiasm for high gauge, tried and true electrical power and growing number of
curving weights may prompts an extended regard for power quality both by customers and utilities. The most
generally perceived power quality issues today are voltage records, consonant mutilation and low power
consider. Voltage hangs is a short traverse (10 ms to 1 minute) event in the midst of which a reduction in r.m.s
voltage enormity happen. It is routinely set just by two parameters, significance/degree and term. The voltage
hangs degree is stretched out from 10% to 90% of apparent voltage and with length from a substantial part of a
cycle to 1 min.
Voltage lists is brought on by a blame in the utility framework, a blame inside the client's office or a
substantial increment of the heap present, such as beginning an engine or transformer stimulating. Voltage hangs
are a standout amongst the most happening force quality issues. For an industry voltage hangs happen all the
more regularly and cause serious issues and practical misfortunes. Utilities regularly concentrate on unsettling
influences from end-client gear as the primary power quality issues.
Symphonious streams in circulation framework can bring about consonant bending, low power consider
and extra misfortunes and in addition warming in the electrical gear. It additionally can bring about vibration
and commotion in machines and breakdown of the touchy gear. The advancement of energy gadgets, for
example, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) and traditions control gadgets have presented and rising
branch of innovation giving the power framework adaptable new control abilities. There are distinctive
approaches to improve control quality issues in transmission and dissemination frameworks. Among these, the
D-STATCOM is a standout amongst the best gadgets.
Another PWM-based control plan has been realized to control the electronic valves in the
DSTATCOM. The D-STATCOM has additional capacity to oversee open current at low voltage, and can be
created as a voltage and repeat reinforce by supplanting capacitors with batteries as imperativeness stockpiling.
In this paper, the plan and layout of the DSTATCOM with LCL Passive Filter are analyzed. It is related in shunt
or parallel to the 11 kV test transport system. It moreover is arrangement to enhance the power quality, for
instance, voltage records, consonant curving and low power consider scatteringsystem.
The reactive power compensation is also one of the application of shunt converter devices [4]. Figure 1
shows the basic diagram for the shunt connected inverter based grid connected system.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1-170501034825/85/1-compensation-of-reactive-power-using-d-statcom-in-grid-interfaced-pv-system-1-320.jpg)
![www.jst.org.in 2 | Page
Journal of Science and Technology
Set of
3-phase
and 1-
phase
loads
4-Leg Grid Interfacing Inverter
Fig 1: Diagram for Proposed System
II. PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY MODELING
In the PV network of electrical phenomenon, cell is the necessary part. For the raise in appropriate
current, high power and potential difference, the sunlight dependent cells and their region unit joined in non-
current or parallel fashion called as PV exhibit are used. In practical applications, each and every cell is similar
to diode with the intersection designed by the semiconductor material. When the light weight is absorbed by the
electrical marvel sway at the point of intersection, it gives the streams at once. The (current-voltage) and
(Power-Voltage) attributes at absolutely unpredictable star intensities of the PV exhibit are represented in figure
3, whereas the often seen existence of most electrical outlet on each yield is shown in power diagram 2.
I = Iph – ID -Ish (1)
I=Iph –Io [exp (q V D / nKT)] – (vD /RS) (2)
Fig 2: PV Electrical Equivalent circuit
Grid
A
B
C
N
V
a
Distribution
Transformer
v
b
vc Ia Ib Ic IR
Ia
DSP
Control
Ib
Ic
In
External Hysteresis
Board
Lsh
p1 p4 p3 p6 p5 p2 p7 p8
s1 s7
s5
s1 s3
Renewable
sources
Vdc
s4 s6
s2
s8](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1-170501034825/85/1-compensation-of-reactive-power-using-d-statcom-in-grid-interfaced-pv-system-2-320.jpg)
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Journal of Science and Technology
Solar cell output power is given as the product of V and I
Fig 3: Response of output characteristics of PV Array
STATCOM and its Control Technique
A STATCOM is a one of the compensated device which is obtained from the FACTS family [11] and
is a combination of power electronic converter along with reactor. Mostly, the converter is constructed by the
use of fully controlled devices such as GTO, IGBT or MOSFET. The main purpose of this STATCOM
converter control technique is used to compensate the deviations in power system for improving power quality.
In this paper grid interfaced wind turbine based STATCOM control scheme is proposed for improving the
reliability of electrical power [12].
• The Dc voltage obtained for STATCOM is generated from Solar Cells. The schematic diagram of Static
compensator is given in figure 4.
Power flow
Generation
oad
Uref
Cdc
Fig 4: Basic block diagram for static compensator.
The utilization of different types of electrical loads in three phase system, produces an unbalances in current,
which causes the unreliable power [13]. Thereby for maintaining the electrical reliability the statcom controller
plays a key role. In this statcom control technique, the reference voltage and dc link capacitor voltages are
compared and the result obtained from this is converted to two phase coordinators called as orthogonal vectors.
Control for Reactive Power Compensation
The point of the control plan is to keep up consistent voltage greatness at the point where a delicate
load under framework unsettling influences is associated. The control framework just measures the root mean
square (r.m.s) voltage at the heap point, i.e., no receptive power estimations are required. The VSC exchanging
Controller
DC voltage
Vdc
Transmission Line UT
PCC L
Iq Coupling XT
Transformer
Reactive current
injection
3-phase AC voltage
U
Phase
UT
Voltage
source
converter
Firing angle](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1-170501034825/85/1-compensation-of-reactive-power-using-d-statcom-in-grid-interfaced-pv-system-3-320.jpg)
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Journal of Science and Technology
Fig 8: Simulation Result for Three Phase Output Voltage from PV System
Fig 9: Simulation Result for Power Generated from the Transmission System
Fig 10: Simulation Result for Power Generated from the PV System
IV. CONCLUSION
The paper presents a novel concept of integration of STATCOM with grid inters faced wind energy
system for power quality improvement. The paper also presents effects of power quality on consumer and power
utility systems. The shunt devices proposed here, while reducing the distortions in currents, improved the power
factor thus reducing the reducing the reactive power demand from the wind generator and the load at point of
common coupling. Thus, the integration of FACTS devices maintains the desired power quality requirements.
The operation of STATCOM and their control strategies are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
REFERENCES
[1] A.Q.Huang, M Baran, Bhattacharya ―STATCOM importance on the integration of a large wind farm into a
weak loop power system,‖ IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 226–232, Mar. 2008.
[2] Hook, Y. Liu, presents a paper on ―Mitigation of the wind generation integration related power quality
problems by energy storage,‖ at EPQU J., vol. XII, no. 2, in 2006.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1-170501034825/85/1-compensation-of-reactive-power-using-d-statcom-in-grid-interfaced-pv-system-5-320.jpg)
![www.jst.org.in 6 | Page
Journal of Science and Technology
[3] Wind Turbine Generating System—Part 21, International standard-IEC 61400-21, 2001.
[4] J.Manel, ―Power electronic system for grid integration of renewable energy source: A survey,‖ IEEE Trans.
Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002–1014, 2006, Carrasco.
[5] S. Ezhilarasan, P. Palanivel, S. Sambath ―Design and Development of Energy Management System for DG
Source Allocation in a Micro Grid with Energy Storage System‖ Volume 8, Issue 13, July 2015.
[6] S.Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007, pp. 256–259.
[7] J.J.Gutierrez, J.Ruiz, L.Leturiondo, and A.Lazkano, ―Flicker measurement system for wind turbine
certification,‖ IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 375–382, Feb. 2009.
[8] Indian Wind Grid Code Draft report on, Jul. 2009, pp. 15–18, C-NET.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1-170501034825/85/1-compensation-of-reactive-power-using-d-statcom-in-grid-interfaced-pv-system-6-320.jpg)
1.compensation of reactive power using d statcom in grid interfaced pv system
- 1. www.jst.org.in 1 | Page Journal of Science and Technology (JST) Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2017, PP 01-06 www.jst.org.in ISSN: 2456 - 5660 Compensation of Reactive Power Using D-Statcom In Grid Interfaced PV System SK.Daryabi1 , Karri Sai Kumar2 , G Venkata Harsha Vardhan3 , Kornana Goutham4 , Ponduru Ganesh5 1 (Associate Professor, Electrical Department, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, India) 2,3,4,5 (Electrical Department, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, India) Abstract: This paper displays the upgrade of voltage droops, Harmonic mutilation and low power figure utilizing Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) with LCL Passive Filter in Distribution Framework. At whatever point there is an entrance of photovoltaic cell energy to the low voltage appropriated matrix, there happen the issue of confuse in voltage and recurrence in the system, maybe brought on by non-direct loads, creating music. The model depends on the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) guideline. The D-STATCOM infuses a current into the framework to alleviate the voltage lists. LCL Passive Filter Was then added to D-STATCOM to enhance symphonies bending and low power figure. The reproductions were performed utilizing MATLAB SIMULINK. I. INTRODUCTION An extending enthusiasm for high gauge, tried and true electrical power and growing number of curving weights may prompts an extended regard for power quality both by customers and utilities. The most generally perceived power quality issues today are voltage records, consonant mutilation and low power consider. Voltage hangs is a short traverse (10 ms to 1 minute) event in the midst of which a reduction in r.m.s voltage enormity happen. It is routinely set just by two parameters, significance/degree and term. The voltage hangs degree is stretched out from 10% to 90% of apparent voltage and with length from a substantial part of a cycle to 1 min. Voltage lists is brought on by a blame in the utility framework, a blame inside the client's office or a substantial increment of the heap present, such as beginning an engine or transformer stimulating. Voltage hangs are a standout amongst the most happening force quality issues. For an industry voltage hangs happen all the more regularly and cause serious issues and practical misfortunes. Utilities regularly concentrate on unsettling influences from end-client gear as the primary power quality issues. Symphonious streams in circulation framework can bring about consonant bending, low power consider and extra misfortunes and in addition warming in the electrical gear. It additionally can bring about vibration and commotion in machines and breakdown of the touchy gear. The advancement of energy gadgets, for example, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) and traditions control gadgets have presented and rising branch of innovation giving the power framework adaptable new control abilities. There are distinctive approaches to improve control quality issues in transmission and dissemination frameworks. Among these, the D-STATCOM is a standout amongst the best gadgets. Another PWM-based control plan has been realized to control the electronic valves in the DSTATCOM. The D-STATCOM has additional capacity to oversee open current at low voltage, and can be created as a voltage and repeat reinforce by supplanting capacitors with batteries as imperativeness stockpiling. In this paper, the plan and layout of the DSTATCOM with LCL Passive Filter are analyzed. It is related in shunt or parallel to the 11 kV test transport system. It moreover is arrangement to enhance the power quality, for instance, voltage records, consonant curving and low power consider scatteringsystem. The reactive power compensation is also one of the application of shunt converter devices [4]. Figure 1 shows the basic diagram for the shunt connected inverter based grid connected system.
- 2. www.jst.org.in 2 | Page Journal of Science and Technology Set of 3-phase and 1- phase loads 4-Leg Grid Interfacing Inverter Fig 1: Diagram for Proposed System II. PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY MODELING In the PV network of electrical phenomenon, cell is the necessary part. For the raise in appropriate current, high power and potential difference, the sunlight dependent cells and their region unit joined in non- current or parallel fashion called as PV exhibit are used. In practical applications, each and every cell is similar to diode with the intersection designed by the semiconductor material. When the light weight is absorbed by the electrical marvel sway at the point of intersection, it gives the streams at once. The (current-voltage) and (Power-Voltage) attributes at absolutely unpredictable star intensities of the PV exhibit are represented in figure 3, whereas the often seen existence of most electrical outlet on each yield is shown in power diagram 2. I = Iph – ID -Ish (1) I=Iph –Io [exp (q V D / nKT)] – (vD /RS) (2) Fig 2: PV Electrical Equivalent circuit Grid A B C N V a Distribution Transformer v b vc Ia Ib Ic IR Ia DSP Control Ib Ic In External Hysteresis Board Lsh p1 p4 p3 p6 p5 p2 p7 p8 s1 s7 s5 s1 s3 Renewable sources Vdc s4 s6 s2 s8
- 3. www.jst.org.in 3 | Page Journal of Science and Technology Solar cell output power is given as the product of V and I Fig 3: Response of output characteristics of PV Array STATCOM and its Control Technique A STATCOM is a one of the compensated device which is obtained from the FACTS family [11] and is a combination of power electronic converter along with reactor. Mostly, the converter is constructed by the use of fully controlled devices such as GTO, IGBT or MOSFET. The main purpose of this STATCOM converter control technique is used to compensate the deviations in power system for improving power quality. In this paper grid interfaced wind turbine based STATCOM control scheme is proposed for improving the reliability of electrical power [12]. • The Dc voltage obtained for STATCOM is generated from Solar Cells. The schematic diagram of Static compensator is given in figure 4. Power flow Generation oad Uref Cdc Fig 4: Basic block diagram for static compensator. The utilization of different types of electrical loads in three phase system, produces an unbalances in current, which causes the unreliable power [13]. Thereby for maintaining the electrical reliability the statcom controller plays a key role. In this statcom control technique, the reference voltage and dc link capacitor voltages are compared and the result obtained from this is converted to two phase coordinators called as orthogonal vectors. Control for Reactive Power Compensation The point of the control plan is to keep up consistent voltage greatness at the point where a delicate load under framework unsettling influences is associated. The control framework just measures the root mean square (r.m.s) voltage at the heap point, i.e., no receptive power estimations are required. The VSC exchanging Controller DC voltage Vdc Transmission Line UT PCC L Iq Coupling XT Transformer Reactive current injection 3-phase AC voltage U Phase UT Voltage source converter Firing angle
- 4. www.jst.org.in 4 | Page Journal of Science and Technology methodology depends on a sinusoidal PWM procedure which offers straightforwardness and great reaction. Since custom power is a moderately low-control application, PWM techniques offer a more adaptable choice than the key recurrence exchanging strategies supported in FACTS applications. Aside from this, high exchanging frequencies can be utilized to enhance the effectiveness of the converter, without bringing about critical exchanging misfortunes. Fig 5: PI Control Scheme The controller info is a mistake flag acquired from the reference voltage and the r.m.s terminal voltage measured. Such mistake is prepared by a PI controller; the yield is the edge δ, which is given to the PWM flag generator. It is imperative to note that for this situation, of by implication controlled converter, there is dynamic and responsive power trade with the system at the same time. The PI controller forms the blunder flag and creates the obliged point to drive the mistake to zero, i.e. the heap r.m.s voltage is taken back to the reference voltage. III. SIMULATION STUDY The simulation is done based on the figure 1. The simulation results for the proposed grid interfaced wind energy system with D-STATCOM are shown in below figures. Fig 6: Simulation Result for Three Phase Output Voltage from Sending End Fig 7: Simulation Result for Three Phase Output Voltage at Distribution Level
- 5. www.jst.org.in 5 | Page Journal of Science and Technology Fig 8: Simulation Result for Three Phase Output Voltage from PV System Fig 9: Simulation Result for Power Generated from the Transmission System Fig 10: Simulation Result for Power Generated from the PV System IV. CONCLUSION The paper presents a novel concept of integration of STATCOM with grid inters faced wind energy system for power quality improvement. The paper also presents effects of power quality on consumer and power utility systems. The shunt devices proposed here, while reducing the distortions in currents, improved the power factor thus reducing the reducing the reactive power demand from the wind generator and the load at point of common coupling. Thus, the integration of FACTS devices maintains the desired power quality requirements. The operation of STATCOM and their control strategies are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. REFERENCES [1] A.Q.Huang, M Baran, Bhattacharya ―STATCOM importance on the integration of a large wind farm into a weak loop power system,‖ IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 226–232, Mar. 2008. [2] Hook, Y. Liu, presents a paper on ―Mitigation of the wind generation integration related power quality problems by energy storage,‖ at EPQU J., vol. XII, no. 2, in 2006.
- 6. www.jst.org.in 6 | Page Journal of Science and Technology [3] Wind Turbine Generating System—Part 21, International standard-IEC 61400-21, 2001. [4] J.Manel, ―Power electronic system for grid integration of renewable energy source: A survey,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002–1014, 2006, Carrasco. [5] S. Ezhilarasan, P. Palanivel, S. Sambath ―Design and Development of Energy Management System for DG Source Allocation in a Micro Grid with Energy Storage System‖ Volume 8, Issue 13, July 2015. [6] S.Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007, pp. 256–259. [7] J.J.Gutierrez, J.Ruiz, L.Leturiondo, and A.Lazkano, ―Flicker measurement system for wind turbine certification,‖ IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 375–382, Feb. 2009. [8] Indian Wind Grid Code Draft report on, Jul. 2009, pp. 15–18, C-NET.