1.-READING-ACADEMIC-TEXTS.pptx
- 3. What is reading? •It is one of the most valuable activities of an individual. •It is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning.
- 4. What is reading? • It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information of ideas. • It is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.
- 5. What is reading? •Reading process requires continuous process, development, and refinement. •Reading cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.
- 6. Example of the complexity of reading I saw a man on a hill with a telescope. • There’s a man on a hill, and I’m watching him with my telescope. • There’s a man on a hill, who I’m seeing, and he has a telescope. • There’s a man, and he’s on a hill that also has a telescope on it. • I’m on a hill, and I saw a man using a telescope. • There’s a man on a hill, and I’m sawing him with a telescope.
- 7. Example of the complexity of reading We saw her duck. •We looked at a duck that belonged to her. •We looked at her quickly squat down to avoid something. •We use a saw to cut her duck.
- 8. Example of the complexity of reading He fed her cat food. •He fed a woman’s cat some food. •He fed a woman some food that was intended for cats. •He somehow encouraged some cat food to eat something.
- 9. READING ACADEMIC TEXTS •It differs in many ways from reading varied reading materials. •Two important differences are: •WHAT WE READ – content and style of academic texts •HOW WE READ – what readers of academic texts are expected to do
- 10. CONTENT AND STYLE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS •Academic texts deal with concepts and ideas related to subjects that are studies at college or university.
- 11. CONTENT AND STYLE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS Authors of academic texts: -raise abstract questions and issues; -presents facts and evidence to support their claims; -use logic to build their arguments and defend their positions; -conform to a clearly-defined structure; -choose their words carefully; -try to convince us to accept their positions.
- 12. WHAT ARE READERS OF ACADEMIC TEXTS EXPECTED TO DO? • Recognize the author’s purpose and possible bias • Differentiate between facts and author’s opinions • Challenge questionable assumptions and unsupported claims • Think about possible consequences of the author’s claims • Integrate information across multiple sources • Identify rival hypotheses, possible contradictions, and competing views • Evaluate evidence and draw their own conclusions
- 13. ENGLISH DICTION •DICTION or choice of words separates good writing from bad writing. •First, the word has to be right and accurate. •Second, words should be appropriate to the context in which they are used. •Lastly, it should be understood easily.
- 14. ENGLISH DICTION Differentiate the diction of the following in terms of their context. • Hey, what's up, man? Lookin' cool in those shades you're wearin'! • The patient has experienced acute trauma to the right femur, and must have surgery stat. • Aren't you a cute little fella? I bet your mommy is in love with you-that's right. I see that smile!
- 15. TYPES OF DICTION EXACT DICTION •Straight to the point •No unnecessary words •Writing and thinking clearly and carefully •Using exact words which fit to the meaning •Depends on the command of one’s vocabulary
- 16. TYPES OF DICTION VIVID DICTION •Communication is alive. •It contains element that arouses reader or listener’s interest. •Colorful words are used. •It avoids trite, worn-out expressions, or clichés.
- 17. TYPES OF DICTION SPECIFIC DICTION • Use of specific instead of general words. • ABSTRACT/GENERAL vs CONCRETE/SPECIFIC
- 18. ABSTRACT WORDS These are words expressing ideas naming the qualities of physical things.
- 20. GENERAL WORDS These are words naming the classes to which objects belong.
- 22. CONCRETE WORDS These are image- making words, sensory words.
- 23. CONCRETE WORDS Examples: acacia – tree Pedro – man
- 24. Let’s have an exercise. Give possible specific and concrete words for the following general and abstract words.
- 25. GENERAL WORD: AMMUNITION POSSIBLE ANSWERS: Gun Rifle Grenade Machine gun Cannon Bomb
- 26. GENERAL WORD: ATTIRE POSSIBLE ANSWERS: Coat and tie Barong tagalog Cocktail dress
- 27. GENERAL WORD: building materials POSSIBLE ANSWERS: Cement Wood Hollow blocks Tiles Metal sheets
- 28. GENERAL WORD: ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES POSSIBLE ANSWERS: Stove Refrigerator Electric fan Washing machine Air conditioning unit
- 32. ABSTRACT WORD: COMMUNICATED ORALLY POSSIBLE ANSWERS: Yelled Whispered Shouted Cried Drawled Sighed
- 33. GENERAL VS SPECIFIC GENERAL: He is an accomplished golfer. SPECIFIC: He is a top-flight golfer. GENERAL: Enrique drives an old car. SPECIFIC: Enrique drives a 1960 Buick. GENERAL: We are interested in seeing the revival of our ancient art forms. SPECIFIC: We want to see the revival of the corrido, awit, duplo, and pasyon.
- 34. QUESTIONS?
- 35. Let’s test your learning!