21st-Century-Lit.-w3-4-Q1.pptx
- 2. ENCYCLOPEDIA - a book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically.
- 3. HERITAGE - property that is or may be inherited; an inheritance
- 4. PHENOMENOLOGICAL - relating to the science of phenomena as distinct from that of the nature of being
- 5. RIDDLES - gives an enigma or puzzle
- 6. CATECHISMS - a summary of the principles of Christian religion in the form of questions and answers, used for the instruction of Christians.
- 7. REVOLUTIONARY - engaged in or promoting political revolution
- 8. RHETORICAL - relating to or concerned with the art of rhetoric
- 9. VERBOSE - using or expressed in more words than are needed
- 10. DRAMATIZATION - a play or movie adapted from a novel or depicting a particular incident
- 11. TRADITION - the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way
- 12. 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE from the Philippines and the world
- 14. Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, 90% of the grade 11 students will be able to: a. identify recurring themes and stylistic changes across various literary epochs; b. interpret literary texts within their historical and sociocultural settings, gaining insight into the society's values and concerns; c. outline the major literary periods and explain their significance in the context of Philippine history.
- 15. Literature: - Is a body of written works. - Originated from oral traditions - Are imaginative works. - Deals with stories and poetry. - The content depends on the author. Three points of Literature: - Literature portrays human experience. - Authors interpret this human experience. - It is an art form and a style of expression.
- 17. A product, a reflection of and reaction to the period, place and people who produced it. (Balabar, et al., 1989, p.5) Philippine literature is the body of works, both oral and written, that Filipinos whether native, naturalized or foreign born, have created about the experience of people living in or relating to Philippine Society. It is composed or written in one of the Philippine languages, in Spanish, in English and in Chinese as well.
- 18. May be produced in the capital city of Manila and in the different urban centers and rural outputs, even in foreign lands where descendants of Filipino migrants use English or any of the languages of the Philippines to create works that tell about their lives and aspirations. A collection of texts, both oral and written, whether published as books, serialized in periodicals, recorded in tapes, mimeographed in loose sheets, etched on bamboo, chanted, at home or recited around a fire, which are created by Filipinos of all ages and stock, of different languages both local and foreign (including the Fil-Ams and OFW writings and literatures around the globe), in forms indigeneous or borrowed as adapted which portray the experiences of Filipinos. CCP ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Philippine
- 20. 1. To appreciate our literary heritage; 2. For us to realize our literary limitations conditioned by certain historical factors so we can take steps to overcome them; 3. To understand that we have a great and noble tradition which can served as means to assimilate other cultures and; 4. To show that as Filipinos who truly love and take pride in our own culture, we have to manifest our deep concern for our own literature and this we can do by studying the literatures of our country.
- 22. Kahayon, et al., (1989, p.5) describe the following features of Philippine literatures written in English: 1. Philippine literatures in English is phenomenological since the inception of english in our culture; 2. Philippine literatures is about four hundred years old. Timelines may not be necessary to the study of literature, but since literature and history inescapably related it has become facilitative to map up system which will aid are us in delineating certain time boundaries. In addition, Balabar, et al., (1989) posits that "Philippine literature is as old as its country's history." TIMELINES IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURES: SOME HIGHLIGHTS
- 23. 1. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD 2. THE SPANISH REGIME 3. THE NATIONALISTIC PERIOD TIMELINES IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURES 4. THE UNITED STATES COLONIAL RULE 5. THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION 6. THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD 7. POST EDSA LITERATURE
- 25. a. The longest period in Philippine literatures. b. The literary outputs of this period cannot be called substantial because much of it was oral (i.e. tales, songs, riddles and proverbs). c. Riddles - gives an enigma or puzzle d. Proverbs-wise saying or "salawikain" e. Songs were also very much part of pre-colonial literature and the people’s daily life.
- 26. f. Mimetic dances often accompanied these songs and rituals and were the precursor of the drama form. g. In prose, pre-colonial literature had myths, tales, fables, legends, and fantastic stories.
- 27. h. The most significant and the longest form of pre-colonial poetry was the folk epic (narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition, revolving around supernatural events or heroic deeds, in the form of verse, which is either chanted or sung, with a certain seriousness of purpose, embodying o validating the beliefs, customs, ideals or life - values of the people).
- 28. i. Popular epics: Biag ni Lam-Ang (Ilocos Region), Hinilawod (Panay Island), and Bantugen and Indarapatra at Sulayman (Maguindanao)
- 30. The literary scene during this era was focused on religious themes due to the Christianization of the Philippines by the Spaniards. A. Took on a Religious Character Christianization of the Philippines Introduced the first printing press Doctrina Christiana - the first published book (1593)
- 31. B. Literary Output Catechisms Confession Manuals Grammar Books Dictionaries
- 32. C. Poems in Spanish and Tagalog were written by "Ladinos" who were well- versed in both languages. Pasyon - the most popular form of religious literature A long time narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ. Ang Mahal na Pasyon ni Jesu Cristong Panginoon Natin – Gaspar Aquilino de Belen's well known pasyon. Sinakulo/ Cenaculo
- 33. A dramatization of the pasyon A play on the passion and death of Christ Performed during the Holy week Two Popular Narrative Poems i. Awit ii. Korido - Sung or chanted - Florante at Laura - Most Famous Awit
- 34. Other Literary Types i. "Duplo" and "Karagatan" ii. Komedya - most popular/drama form Prose Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at Feliza by Marcelo de Castro
- 36. a. The last of the 19th century saw a new breed of writers. b. If the religion was the thematic focus during the Spanish Era, a strong feeling of nationalism was the main agenda of this literary period. c. The period is divided into the Propaganda and the Revolution.
- 37. d. At the close of the 19th century the revolutionist took over and there was a shift not only in language (from Spanish to Tagalog) but in the audience or readers from the "intelligentsia" to the masses. (Balabar, 1989, p.25) e. Bonifacio, Jacinto and Mabini were the prominent revolutionary writers. f. This period was truly significant because it produced a literature that was realistic and truly Filipino.
- 38. The United States Colonial Rule 1910-1930, 1920- 1945 04
- 39. a. Literature (in three languages) flourished i. Spanish, English, Filipino - Reading, writing, speaking b. May be divided into two periods: i. The Period of Apprenticeship - Paz Marquez Benitez "Dead Stars" - Paz Latorena "The Small Key" - Jose Garcia Villa "Footnote to Youth" - Zoilo Galang "Child of Sorrow"
- 40. ii. The Period of Emergence - Before the war and the Japanese Occupation - Noted Short Story writers 1. Manuel E. Arguilla 2. Arturo Rotor 3. N.V.M. Gonzales 4. Francisco Arcellana 5. Bienvenido N. Santos
- 42. a. This literary period broke away from tradition especially among the tagalog poets. Instead of writing in the Balagtas tradition (rhetorical, verbose, figurative) poets wrote in simple language and free verse. b. There was a bountiful harvest in poetry, fiction and in the fields of drama and essay. (Balabar, 1989, p.27)
- 43. c. Broke away from tradition (war years) - Rhetorical - Verbose - Figurative (Balagtas Tradition) d. Poets wrote in simple language and free verse (Ako ang Daigdig by Alejandro Abadula) - Portray Filipino Life and Culture: Short story - Flowering of Tagalog Short Poetry - Palanca Awards/National Awards launched
- 45. a. Upheavals in Nation's History - First quarter Storm of the Seventies b. Martial Law Years c. Assassination of Ninoy Aquino d. A merging of the three traditions - Oral Lore -Ethnic Tradition - Spanish Tradition - American Colonial tradition
- 46. e. Literary Expressions - Give responses to the historical and political force that have shaped Philippine society since the Pacific war.
- 48. a. Lumbera and Lumbera (2005 pp.381-384) explain that the character of the Philippine literary scene after "EDSA" maybe pinpointed by referring to the theories that inform literary production; to the products issuing from the publishers; to the dominant concerns demonstrated by the writer's output and to the direction towards which literary studies are tending.
- 49. b. There is in the academe an emerging critical orientation that draws its concerns and insights from literary theorizing current in England and the United States. c. post-EDSA publishing has been marked by adventurousness, a willingness to gamble on "non-traditional" projects.
- 50. d. The fourth and final characteristic of post EDSA writing is the developing thrust towards the retrieval and the recuperation of writing in Philippine languages other than Tagalog. Today, Philippine literature may thus be classified into: (Ordonez, 2001 p-36) o The residual, a good part of which is oral and regional, but remaining in the margins simply because the center of writing and publishing is in Metro Manila.
- 51. oThe dominant language, largely in English and Tagalog-based Filipino; and oThe emergent, produced by those in the periphery, the marginalized sectors, including workers, peasants, urban poor, women, gays, lesbians and ethnic groups. others.
- 52. Sometimes residual oral literature such as komposo in Negros, solidom-ay in Cordillera, ismayling in Samar and baliling in Mindanao are used to convey contemporary messages of struggle and commitment and are thus emergent.
- 53. Today, it is quite common to have Filipino writers published abroad in the original English translation if written in the local language. These include N.V.M. Gonzales, F. Sionil Jose, Ninotchka Rosca, Jessica Hegedorn, Cecilia Manguerra Brainard, Epifiano San Juan Jr., Wilfredo Nolledo among others.
- 55. Directions: Since you have already reviewed some major influences brought to us by the three countries, it is now time to examine positive and negative results of each period of colonialism among Filipinos in general during that time.