2.3 Indus Valley Civilization
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The first Indian civilization built well-planned cities on the banks of the Indus River around 2500 BCE. The Harappan civilization constructed cities out of mud bricks laid on a grid system with infrastructure like plumbing and sewage. Though the writing system of this civilization remains undeciphered, the cities were uniform in culture. The planning and culture of the early Indus cities still influence India today.
2.3 Indus Valley Civilization
- 1. 2.3 Planned Cities on the Indus Main Idea: The first Indian civilization built well- planned cities on the banks of the Indus River. Why it matters now: The culture of India today has its roots in the civilization of the early Indus cities.
- 2. Vocabulary • subcontinent: Land mass that is a distinct part of a continent. Example: Indian subcontinent. • monsoon: Seasonal wind • Harappan civilization: Ancient settlements in the Indus River Valley
- 3. The Geography of the Indian Subcontinent • Indian Subcontinent – Landmass that includes India, Pakistan, and Bangledesh – World’s tallest mountain ranges separate it from the rest of Asia
- 4. The Geography of the Indian Subcontinent • Rivers, Mountains, and Plains – Mountains to north, desert to east, protect Indus Valley from invasion – Southern India, a dry plateau flanked by mountains – Narrow strip of tropical land along coast
- 5. The Geography of the Indian Subcontinent • Monsoons – Seasonal winds— monsoons– dominate India’s climate – Winter winds are dry; summer winds bring rain—can cause flooding
- 6. The Geography of the Indian Subcontinent • Environmental Challenges – Floods along the Indus unpredictable; river can change course – Rainfall upredictable; could have droughts or floods
- 8. Civilization Emerges on the Indus • Indus Valley Civilization – Influenced an area larger than Mesopotamia or Egypt • Earliest Arrivals – About 7000 B.C.E., evidence of agricultural and domesticated animals – By 3200 B.C.E., people farming in villages along Indus River
- 10. • Planned Cities – By 2500 B.C.E., people build cities of brick laid out on a grid system. – Engineers create plumbing and sewage systems – Indus Valley called Harrapan civilization after Harappa, a city.
- 12. • Harappan Planning – City built on mud-brick platform to protect against flood waters – Brick walls protect city and citadel—central buildings of the city – Streets in grid system are 30 feet wide – Lanes separate rows of houses (which feature bathrooms)
- 13. • Language – Had writing system of 300 symbols, but scientists cannot decipher it • Culture – Harappan cities appear uniform in culture, no great social divisions – Animals importance to the culture; toys suggest prosperity
- 15. • Role of Religion – Priests closely linked to rulers – Some religious artifacts reveal links to modern Hindu Culture • Trade – Had thriving trade with other peoples, including Mesopotamia.
- 16. Indus Valley Culture Ends • Harappan Decline – Signs of decline begin around 1750 B.C.E. – Earthquakes, floods, soil depletion may have caused decline – Around 1500 B.C.E., Aryans enter area and become dominant
- 17. Mohenjo-Daro
- 19. Ancient Swastika symbol from the Indus Valley