3340903- UEE- UNIT-3 ELEVATOR.pptx

UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Chapter : 3
ELEVATOR
Mr. Kartik K Patel
(lect. EE Detp.)
VPMP POLYTECHNIC

WHAT IS ELEVATOR ??????
 An elevator (or lift in British English) is a type of
vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves
people or goods between floors (levels) of a building, or
other structure. Elevators are generally powered by
electric motors that either drive traction cables or
counterweight systems like pump hydraulic fluid to
raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.

 The first reference to an
elevator is in the works of
the Roman
architect Vitruvius, who
reported that Archimedes
Elevator design by the German
engineer Konrad Kyeser (1405)

The Elevator
• In 1852, Elisha Otis invented
the elevator safety brake.
• The safety brake prevents an
elevator car from falling if the
lifting cables fail.
• March 23, 1857 - The first
successful passenger elevator
was installed on this day at 488
Broadway in New York City.

• The elevator is a platform
that raises and lowers
vertically to transport people
or freight.
• Eight steel cables support the
car; each cable can handle
more than the weight of a fully
loaded car.
• The goal for the elevator was
to be inexpensive, reliable,
and get it to market as quickly
as possible.

ELEVATOR CAR
 Elevator Car is the vehicle that travels between the
different elevator stops carrying passengers.
 It is usually a heavy steel frame surrounding a
cage of metal and wood panels

STANDARD CAR SIZE:
 To prevent overloading of the car by persons, the
available area of the car shall be limited and related
to the rated load of the elevator.
The following table shows the standard car sizes
related to the elevator rated loads.

TWO TYPES OF ELEVATORS
1. Hydraulic
2. Traction

THE CAR IS MOVED
UP AND DOWN USING
“A FLUID PISTON
MOUNTED INSIDE A
CYLINDER” (HARRIS).
CONSISTS OF
THREE PARTS:
TANK
PUMP
VALVE

Holeless Hydraulic Holed Hydraulic Roped Hydraulic
Hydraulic

Hydraulic Elevator (holed)
Guide Rails
Plunger & Cylinder
Controller & Pumping
Unit
To & From Oil Pipe
Hoistway
Door
Door
Operator

 Rise Limitations: ~ 60 feet
 Speeds: 100/125/150 fpm
 Advantages:
 low cost
 no penthouse
 no structural load on building
 Disadvantages
 slow
 energy inefficient

Hydraulic Elevator (holeless)
Controller & Pumping
Unit
To & From Oil Pipe
Plungers & Cylinders
Guide Rails
Hoistway
Door
Door
Operator

HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS - HOLELESS
 Rise Limitations: 20 feet
 Speeds: 100/125 fpm
 Advantages:
 no well hole
 minimizes environmental contamination
 Disadvantages:
 limited travel

HOLELESS:
ROPED HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS
 Rise Limitations: 60 feet
 Speeds: 100 - 125 - 150 fpm
 Advantages:
 Eliminates well hole
 Same 60’ travel range as “holed” hydro
 Existing Building
 Disadvantages
 More costly than conventional holed hydraulic

Hydraulic elevators are raised and lowered by pistons filled with fluid.

Traction Elevator
Machine
Governor
Controller
Guide Rails
Counterweight
Buffers
Car Frame &
Safety
Hoistway Door
Door Operator

TRACTION (DRIVE) SHEAVE
 The powered pulley connected to either the
elevator drive motor’s output shaft (gearless) or to
the output side of the mechanical speed reduction
unit (geared).
 The circumference of the sheave has a series
of “U” or “V” shaped grooves cut into it , in which
sit the elevator suspension or hoist ropes.

COUNTERWEIGHT
 A tracked weight that is suspended from cables and
moves within its own set of guide rails along the hoist
way walls.
 This counterweight will be equal to the dead weight of the
car plus about 40% of the rated load.

Traction Changes
Geared Gearless

TRACTION ELEVATORS
 Rise Limitations: ~ 300 feet (Geared)
unlimited (Gearless)
 Speeds: 350 - 500 fpm (Geared)
500 - 1800+ (Gearless)
 Advantages of Gearless:
 smoother
 approx. twice machine life

 Most of the equipment needed to operate a traction elevator is
located in a machine room above the elevator shaft.

 Machine room-less
elevators use a design
that reduces the size
of the traction
equipment enough so
that it does not require
a machine room

THE GOVERNOR SHEAVE ENGAGES THE
EMERGENCY BRAKE SYSTEM IF THE ELEVATOR
FALLS TOO RAPIDLY.

WHEN ENGAGED, EMERGENCY ELEVATOR BRAKES WEDGE UP
AGAINST THE RAILS GUIDING THE ELEVATOR CAR, SLOWING IT
TO A STOP.

BUFFERS
 A Buffer is a device designed to stop a descending
car or counterweight beyond its normal limit and to
soften the force with which the elevator runs into
the pit during an emergency.
 They may be of polyurethane or oil type in respect
of the rated speed.

 There are two principal types of buffers in
existence:
A- Energy accumulation: accumulate the kinetic
energy of the car or counterweight.
B- Energy dissipation: dissipate the kinetic energy
of the car or counterweight.
 Polyurethane buffers which are energy
accumulation type with non-linear characteristics
are used for lifts that have rated speed not more
than 1 m/sec.

THE MAIN TYPES OF ELEVATOR BUFFERS ARE:

ELECTRICAL MOTOR
 Electrical Motor is used to raise and lower the
elevator cab, the direction of motor rotation and
speed (rpm) are directed and supervised by
devices located within the elevator controller.
 The motor component of the elevator machine can
be either a DC motor or an AC motor .

A) DC MOTOR:
DC motors use carbon brushes to control or regulate
the operational speed of its motor.
• It is an important maintenance task to regularly
inspect, repair and replace these brushes.
• Failure to do so in a timely fashion can result in
equipment mis-operation and lead to significant motor
damage.

Advantages of using DC motors:
 Has a good starting torque.
 Ease of speed control using a DC generator with a
variable output or static converters.

B) AC MOTOR
Advantages of using AC motors:
 More regularly used because of its ruggedness and
simplicity.
 More ride quality.

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL TRACTION DRIVE
SYSTEMS
A- Geared traction control, which includes:
 Single speed AC motor.
 Two speed AC motor.
 Variable voltage AC motor (VVAC).
 Variable voltage, variable frequency AC motor
(VVVFAC).
 Variable voltage DC motor(VVDC).

B- Gearless traction drives, which include:
 Variable voltage DC motor (VVDC).
 Variable voltage, variable frequency AC
motor(VVVFAC).

3340903- UEE- UNIT-3 ELEVATOR.pptx

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