426560920-Writing-Process-1-1-PptxCAG.pptx
- 2. AT THE END OF THE LESSON,THE STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO: -Know the steps in the writing process and the techniques to use in each step -Recognized well-written texts and their specific properties -Know the writing process conventions to be used in written texts -Know the specific techniques to use when dealing with problems of grammar and usage texts
- 3. STAGES IN THE WRITING PROCESS Writing is a processbecause when one writes,the ideas go through a series of changes or stages before the written text is finalized. Five steps in the writing process:
- 4. PREWRITING (TIME TO THINK) It is important that planning be done at this stage. Writer determines the purpose for writing and the intended audience, chooses a topic, narrows down the topic, gathers detailed ideas, and develops the controlling idea or thesis of the piece of writing.
- 5. IDEAS FOR PREWRITING Browse the magazines, newspapers, and Web sites Brainstorm for ideas with a group Keep an article file for future reference Interview knowledgeable persons Create a cluster map of main and supporting ideas Write reflections about activities right after each activity Jot down whatever comes to mind about a topic
- 7. DRAFTING (TIME TO WRITE) the prewriting notes and sentences are turned into paragraphs for the first draft. Three important parts: 1.INTRODUCTION- must be strong enough to grab the reader's attention and must include the thesis or controlling idea. 2.BODY-develops the controlling idea and presents details that elaborate on and supports that idea. 3.CONCLUSION-restates the thesis and summarizes the most important concepts of the paper.
- 8. IDEAS FOR DRAFTING Make a discovery draft Start writing and let your feelings and ideas lead you to develop your topic. Make a planned draft Arrange your idea in a certain way a topic outline or in a sentence outline before you begin writing.
- 9. REVISING (TIME TO MAKE IT BETTER) Going through the paper to see how well the issues of purpose, audience, and genre have been addressed. Checking if there are ways of improving the style, word choice, figurative language, sentence variety, and subtlety of meaning.
- 10. CHECK FOR THE FOLLOWING: Inclusion of main idea/thesis statement Use of precise nouns,verbs,and modifiers Adequacy and balance of details and evidence Unity, coherence,and logic of ideas Consistency of point of view Use of transitional words, phrases,and sentences Variety of sentence types Appropriateness of tone for audience and purpose
- 11. EDITING (TIME TO MAKE IT CORRECT) The process of checking the accuracy of facts and correcting errors in spelling, grammar,usage,and mechanics. (Spelling, punctuation, capitalization)
- 12. CHECK FOR THE FOLLOWING: Subject-verb agreement Pronoun-antecedent agreement Run-on sentences and sentence fragments Capitalization and use of punctuation marks Spelling of unfamiliar words Usage of confusing word pairs
- 13. PUBLISHING (TIME TO SHARE THE FINISHED PRODUCT) Producing a final copy of a piece of writing and presenting it to an audience. Decisions have to be made about which will best reach the intended audience and accomplish the intended purpose.
- 14. IDEAS FOR PUBLISHING Presenting orally in class through a report,speech,or dramatic presentation Posting on a bulletin board or on a blog Creating a multimedia presentation Publishing in a school paper,a local newspaper or a literacy magazine
- 15. COMPONENTS OF GOOD WRITING A piece of good writing is composed of interesting INTRODUCTION and effective PARAGRAPHS,TRANSITIONS, CONCLUSIONS,and ELABORATION. INTRODUCTION-presents the thesis statement and should capture the reader's attention.
- 16. SOME WAYS OF INTRODUCING A PIECE OF WRITING: -Begin with a thesis statement -Use a surprising statement -Provide a description -Ask a question -Relate an anecdote -Address the reader directly
- 17. PARAGRAPHS-made up of sentences that work together to develop an idea or accomplish a purpose. -A good paragraph should exhibit unity and coherence. UNITY- a paragraph has unity when all the sentences support an explicit and implicit main idea. COHERENCE-a paragraph is coherent when all the sentences are related to one another.Each sentence follows logically to the next.
- 18. TRANSITIONS- are words, phrases,and sentences that show connections between details.Transitions can be shown through the use of the following kinds of words: -Time or sequence words,eg.,then,next, finally -Spatial order words,eg.,in front, behind,in the middle -Degree of importance,eg., mainly, strongest, weakest -Comparison- and-contrast,eg., similarly,unlike,whereas -Cause-effect,eg.,so,for this reason
- 19. CONCLUSION-a good conclusion sums up the ideas presented in the text.This can be shown through an a restatement of the main idea or thesis in different words a question a recommendation an opinion the last event
- 20. ELABORATION- is the process of providing specific,relevant and appropriateness supporting details to the main idea or thesis statement through the use of: facts and statistics descriptions anecdotes Examples Quotations
- 21. WRITING TRAITS Good writing has specific qualities and traits.It is focus and coherent,well- organized,has clear ideas,identifiable voice,and accurae and appropriate language conventions. FOCUS AND COHERENCE.A piece of writing is focused and coherent if it keeps to the topic and is clear and supported by well-chosen details.
- 22. ORGNIZATION- well-organized paper has a clearly recognizable plan,that is the ideas from move to sentence to sentence in alogical way and from paragraph to paragraph in an appropriate organizational pattern. DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS-the ideas are clearly defined, logically developed,supported by appropriate details,and connected in an interesting manner.
- 23. VOICE-connects the writer to the reader.A writer's voice is displayed through his/her personal writing style and through his/her use of unique words and phrases. CONVENTIONS-refer to the correct use of all spelling punctuation, capitalization, grammar,usage, and sentence structure rules.