![International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
21
doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942
Abstract— Crankshaft is one of the large components with a
complex geometry in internal combustion engine which
converts the reciprocating displacement of the piston into a
rotary motion. The study was undertaken with the objective
of analysis of single cylinder four stroke engine of Super
Splendor Crankshaft using ANSYS Software for different
materials and optimize the best materials for crankshaft. The
three materials used were Structural Steel, Aluminum Alloy
and Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Steel. The measurement
of crankshaft of bike engine was taken from bike workshop
and model was generated in SolidWorks which was finally
imported in ANSYS for Analysis. The stress analysis and
total deformation was criteria for optimization of crankshaft
materials. The comparative study was done by comparing
both analytical as well as software generated results. The
value of von-misses stresses of analysis is less than the
material yield stress so this design is safe. From this work, the
maximum stress appears at the area between crank journal
and crank cheeks. By comparing von-misses stress values,
Aluminum Alloy has higher strength and shows lower stress
value (146.28 MPa) than other materials. Because of the
more strength, Aluminum Alloy crankshaft can withstand
load and is best materials for crankshaft among three.
Index Terms— Crankshaft, SolidWorks, ANSYS, Stress
Analysis, Super Splendor
I. INTRODUCTION
Crankshaft is one of the critical components of IC engine
with complex geometry that converts the reciprocating
displacement of piston into a rotatory motion [4]. Crankshaft
consists of different parts like journal bearing, crank pin,
crank web and shaft parts. The Shaft parts which revolve in
the main bearings, the crank pins to which the big end of the
connecting rod are connected, the crank arms or webs which
connect the crank pins and shaft parts [1]. Ismail al-Jazari
was the first Arabic mechanical engineer to invent crankshaft
[2] . The crankshaft is subjected to the function of bending
torsional loads by the centrifugal force, periodic change of
inertial force and reciprocating inertial force of the rotational
Manuscript revised on August 6, 2019 and published on August 20, 2019
Santosh Kumar Yadav, PG Student Department of Mechanical Engineerin,
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences,
Allahabad (Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh, India
Dr. Earnest Vinay Praksh, Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology &
Sciences, Allahabad (Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh, India
mass [6]. Therefore, the crankshaft must have sufficient
strength and stiffness, the surface of the shaft neck need to
wear, work evenly, and good balance. The reliability and life
of internal combustion engine mainly depend on the strength
of the crankshaft [5]. A large value of the coefficient of
thermal expansion can be a problem when choosing materials
for crankshafts. Ductile iron, forged steel, and titanium are
commonly used as materials for manufacturing shafts like in
the Prosche GT3 RS. Crankshafts made of aluminum
composites reinforced with SiC and graphite are in the
development stage [7].
II. OBJECTIVES
i. To model single cylinder crankshaft using modeling
Software SolidWorks.
ii. To analyze a single cylinder engine crankshaft using
ANSYS Software.
iii. To analyze the crankshaft with different materials for
crank web and crankpin
iv. To optimize the existing crankshaft and provide
optimum design.
Fig 1. Typical Crankshaft of hero Splendor taken from
Workshop
III. DESIGN CALCULATION FOR CRANKSHAFT
The Design calculation of single cylinder petrol engine
crankshaft with specific two wheeler Hero Super Splendor
124.7 CC bike. The engine specification and dimension are
given below in tabulated form:
Design and Analysis of Crankshaft of Single Cylinder Four
Stroke Engine Using ANSYS Software
Santosh Kumar Yadav, Earnest Vinay Prakash](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/77201942-191116055737/85/77201942-1-320.jpg)
![International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
23
doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942
345.48X103
=
= 80.15 N/ mm2
Stain for Structural Steel Stain for Aluminum Alloy
ε = ε =
= =
=0.00225 =0.00225
Strain for Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Steel
ε =
=
= 0.00080113
IV. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
A. Procedure for Static Analysis
First, we modeled the crankshaft in SolidWorks and saved it
as .IGES file format for Analysis of crankshaft in ANSYS
software. The imported .IGES model is simulated in ANSYS
Workbench.
The dimension of crankshaft taken from workshop is
modelled in SolidWorks software. The modeled assembly of
crankshaft is shown below:
Fig 2. Crankshaft assembly modeled in SolidWorks
B. Loading and boundary condition
Boundary condition play important role in FEA[9]. Here we
have taken fixed support at both bearing. The given below
illustrate the boundary condition of crankshaft. The force of
34.51 KN is applied in Crankpin of crankshaft. The blue
colour mark illustrate fixed support and red coulur illustrate
application of gas force as given in fig. 3
C. Meshing of crankshaft
Meshing is the most important part in any of the computer
simulations, because it can show drastic changes in results
you get. Tetrahedral meshing is done because the tetrahedral
meshing methodology is utilized for the cross section of the
strong district geometry and meshing delivers fantastic cross
section for boundary representation of solid auxiliary model.
Method: Tetrahedrons
Number of nodes: 16625
Numbers of elements: 9148
Fig 3 Application of Load and Gas Force
Fig 4. Meshing of crankshaft in ANSYS
D. Application of Materials for Analysis
There are total three materials are used for this solid
model structural steel, aluminum alloy and nickel
chromium molybdenum steel. The material properties of
the crankshaft is given below:
I. Structural Steel
Density=7850 Kg/m3
Yield Tensile Strength= 250 MPa
Poison Ratio= 0.3
Modulus of Elasticity= 200 GPa
II. Aluminum Alloy
Density=2770 Kg/m3
Yield Tensile Strength=280Mpa
Ultimate Tensile Strength=310Mpa
Poison Ratio=0.33
Modulus of Elasticity=71 Gpa](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/77201942-191116055737/85/77201942-3-320.jpg)
![International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
27
doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942
VI. CONCLUSION
The following conclusion can be drawn from the result of
crankshaft analysis
a. Three different materials were used for the analysis of
crankshaft as structural steel, aluminum alloy and Nickel
Chromium molybdenum steel
b. The maximum stress appears at the area between crank
journal and crank cheeks
c. The value of von-misses stresses of analysis is less than
the material yield stress so this design is safe.
d. Crankshaft made of aluminum alloy has highest strength
and show minimum value of von misses stress (146.28
Mpa)
e. Crankshaft is made of combination of different parts like
crank webs, crankpin, bearing supports, etc. among them
crank webs and crankpin are important parts.
f. Since, force is directly applied at the crankpin of
crankshaft so a different combination of materials in
same crankshaft is used to find best materials. we
obtained Webs made of structural steel and crankpin
made from nickel chromium molybdenum steel has least
value of von misses stress (148.89 Mpa)
VII. FUTURE SCOPE
The analysis of crankshaft can be done in various way beside
follows in this works. The design analysis can be explained
by taking different constraints other static analysis and with
different simulation software. The future scope of this works
can be tabulated below:-
a. Analysis can be done with other materials of higher
strength and low weight materials.
b. Vibration and fatigue analysis can be done to estimate life
of crankshaft
c. Economic analysis for different combination of materials
in single crankshaft can be in future.
VIII. AKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like convey my deep sense appreciation to prof. (dr.)
Anshuka Srivasatava, Prof. (Dr.) S.C. Moses, Er. Rahul
Francis Charles for their guidance and care in each and every
step of preparing the research. I am grateful to Er. Rajesh
Ranjan Mishara, Er. Rupesh Shah, Er. Avinash Singh and
pursuing engineer Mr. Shuvam Shingh for their timely help
without whom support this paper could not touch the final
layout.
REFERENCES
[1] D. Harshada, J. Ashwini, L. Madhura and P.Yadav .‖ Design, Analysis &
Optimization of Crankshaft Using CAE‖, IIJME, Vol 4,Issue 4 ,2016
[2] J. Joshi and D.M. Patel, ―Design and failure analysis of single cylinder
petrol engine crankshaft usisng ANSYS software‖, International
journal of engineering science and computing, Vol. 7 Issue No. 4,2017
[3] S.Bhagya Lakshmi ., Sudheer Kumar V, Ch. Nagara ju ―Dynamic
Analysis of Honda Engine Crankshaft‖, International Journal of
Engineering and Innovative Technology ,Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 174-178),
2012.
[4] R. K. Rajput, ―A Textbook of Internal Combustion Engines‖, Laxmi
Publication (P) Ltd. (2009)., ch 2 , pp 20-22.
[5] P. N. Rohini, S. Nagu ―Design and Optimization of IC Engine
Crankshaft‖, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research
Technology ISSN: 2277-9655, pp 931-937, 2014.
[6] R. G .Dubensky,. ―Crankshaft Concept Design Flowchart for Product
Optimization‖, SAE Technical Paper No. 2002-01-0770, Society of
Automotive Engineers, 2002.
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
structural steel aluminumalloy Nickel Chromium Molybdenum
steel
stressinMpa
materialstype
Comparative Chart
analytical Results (Mpa) Software Results (Mpa)
Chart 1. Von Misses Stress for different materials of Crankshaft](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/77201942-191116055737/85/77201942-7-320.jpg)
![International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
28
doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942
[7] A .Hallal, A .Elmarakbi, A .Shaito, & H. El-Hage, Overview of
Composite Materials and their Automotive Applications. Advanced
Composite Materials for Automotive Applications, 1–28. 2013.
[8] H .Farzin. Montazersadgh and A. Fatemi ―Stress Analysis and
Optimization of Crankshafts Subjected to Dynamic Loading‖, AISI,
2007.
[9] G.H. Farrahi, S.M. H-Gangaraj, M. Sakhaei, S. Abolhassani F. Hemmati
―Failure Analysis of a Four Cylinder Diesel Engine Crankshaft Made
From Nodular Cast Iron‖, the Journal of Engine Research/Vol. 22 /
Springer,2014.
[10] R. Gligorijevic, J .Jevtic, G. Vidanovic, and N .Radojevic, ―Fatigue
Strength of Nodular Iron Crankshafts‖, SAE Technical Paper No.
2001-01-3412, Society of Automotive Engineers, 2001.
AUTHORS PROFILE
Santosh Kumar Yadav has completed BE from
Paschimancahl Engineering Campus (TU, Nepal) and
M. Tech from SHUATS India in Mechanical
Engineering. His area of interest is Automobile and
Production Engineering. Santosh was awarded
Scholarship for M tech by Gov. of India. He has
attended many Seminar and Conferences relating
mechanical engineering. He has excellent
understanding in Modeling and Simulation Software
like AutoCAD, SolidWorks and ANSYS. He has
organized various Workshop in SolidWorks as a Trainer in
College.
Email- santosh.rhythm341@gmail.com
Dr. Earnest Vinay Prakash has accomplished BE
from R.G.T.U. Jabalpur, M tech and PhD from
SHUATS Prayagraj and presently working as Assistant
Professor at SHUATS. He has published many
research paper in National and International journals.
Dr. Vinay has attended many Seminars and
Conferences.
Email- earnest.prakash@shiats.edu.in](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/77201942-191116055737/85/77201942-8-320.jpg)
77201942
- 1. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org 21 doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942 Abstract— Crankshaft is one of the large components with a complex geometry in internal combustion engine which converts the reciprocating displacement of the piston into a rotary motion. The study was undertaken with the objective of analysis of single cylinder four stroke engine of Super Splendor Crankshaft using ANSYS Software for different materials and optimize the best materials for crankshaft. The three materials used were Structural Steel, Aluminum Alloy and Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Steel. The measurement of crankshaft of bike engine was taken from bike workshop and model was generated in SolidWorks which was finally imported in ANSYS for Analysis. The stress analysis and total deformation was criteria for optimization of crankshaft materials. The comparative study was done by comparing both analytical as well as software generated results. The value of von-misses stresses of analysis is less than the material yield stress so this design is safe. From this work, the maximum stress appears at the area between crank journal and crank cheeks. By comparing von-misses stress values, Aluminum Alloy has higher strength and shows lower stress value (146.28 MPa) than other materials. Because of the more strength, Aluminum Alloy crankshaft can withstand load and is best materials for crankshaft among three. Index Terms— Crankshaft, SolidWorks, ANSYS, Stress Analysis, Super Splendor I. INTRODUCTION Crankshaft is one of the critical components of IC engine with complex geometry that converts the reciprocating displacement of piston into a rotatory motion [4]. Crankshaft consists of different parts like journal bearing, crank pin, crank web and shaft parts. The Shaft parts which revolve in the main bearings, the crank pins to which the big end of the connecting rod are connected, the crank arms or webs which connect the crank pins and shaft parts [1]. Ismail al-Jazari was the first Arabic mechanical engineer to invent crankshaft [2] . The crankshaft is subjected to the function of bending torsional loads by the centrifugal force, periodic change of inertial force and reciprocating inertial force of the rotational Manuscript revised on August 6, 2019 and published on August 20, 2019 Santosh Kumar Yadav, PG Student Department of Mechanical Engineerin, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad (Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Earnest Vinay Praksh, Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad (Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh, India mass [6]. Therefore, the crankshaft must have sufficient strength and stiffness, the surface of the shaft neck need to wear, work evenly, and good balance. The reliability and life of internal combustion engine mainly depend on the strength of the crankshaft [5]. A large value of the coefficient of thermal expansion can be a problem when choosing materials for crankshafts. Ductile iron, forged steel, and titanium are commonly used as materials for manufacturing shafts like in the Prosche GT3 RS. Crankshafts made of aluminum composites reinforced with SiC and graphite are in the development stage [7]. II. OBJECTIVES i. To model single cylinder crankshaft using modeling Software SolidWorks. ii. To analyze a single cylinder engine crankshaft using ANSYS Software. iii. To analyze the crankshaft with different materials for crank web and crankpin iv. To optimize the existing crankshaft and provide optimum design. Fig 1. Typical Crankshaft of hero Splendor taken from Workshop III. DESIGN CALCULATION FOR CRANKSHAFT The Design calculation of single cylinder petrol engine crankshaft with specific two wheeler Hero Super Splendor 124.7 CC bike. The engine specification and dimension are given below in tabulated form: Design and Analysis of Crankshaft of Single Cylinder Four Stroke Engine Using ANSYS Software Santosh Kumar Yadav, Earnest Vinay Prakash
- 2. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org 22 doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942 Table 1. Engine Specification Table 2. Engine Dimension Mathematical derivation of Von misses stress and total deformation using formulas are given below: Pressure Calculation Density of petrol (CgH18): ρ = 750 kg / m3 Molecular mass of petrol: M = 114.228 × 10-3 kg / mole = 750 × 10-9 kg / mm3 Operating Temperature: T = 20 0 C = 20 + 273.15 = 293.15 0 k Gas constant for petrol: R = 72.7868 × 103 J / kg / mo l K Mass of displacement: m = ρ × V = (750 × 10-9 ) × (124.7 × 103 ) = 0.0935 kg Where, ρ = Density V= Volume We know that PV = mRT P × 124.7 × 103 = 0.0935 × 72.7868 × 103 × 293.15 P= P=16.003 MPa Design Calculation for Gas force Design of crankshaft when the crank angle is at the angle of maximum bending moment Gas force (Fp) =? We have Fp = P X A =16.003X ( =16.003X (0.7854X52.4X52.4) =34.51 KN Distance between two bearings is given by b = 2D = 2X52.4= 104.8 mm b1=b2=52.4 mm Due to the piston gas load (Fp) acting horizontally there will be the two horizontal reactions H1 and H2 at the bearings 1 and 2 respectively, such that H1 = H2 = Fp/2 = 17.255 KN Design of crankpin Moment on crankpin = M max = X = 17.255X103 X 20 = 345.1X103 Nmm Torque obtained at Max. Power of hero splendor P = 11.2X103 = T= 14.26 Nmm Von- misses stress Where, von = Meq = Equivalent bending moment So, Equivalent bending moment is given by Meq = [(Kb X Mmax)2 + (Kt X T)2 Here, Kb = Combined shock and fatigue for bending = 1 Kt = Combined shock and fatigue for torsional = 1 Mmax = Bending moment Meq = [(1X345.1X103 )2 + (1X14.26X103 )2 Meq = 345.32X103 Nmm Section modulus of crankpin Z= X dc X dc X d =0.098175X 28X28X28 =2155.132 mm3 Now, von = = 160.227 MPa Equivalent twisting moment Teq = ( Mmax 2 + T2 Teq = [ (345.1X103 )2 + (14.26X103 )2 Teq = 345.48X103 Nmm Now, Teq = Parameter Value Engine Type 4 Cycle, 1 Cylinder, Air Cooled Valve System OHC, 2 VALVE Cylinder Bore 52.4 mm Stroke 57.8 mm Displacement 124.7 cm3 Compression ratio 10:1 Maximum Power 11.20 PS @ 7500 rpm Maximum Torque 11 NM @ 6500 rpm Symbol Parameter Value D Piston Diameter 52.4 mm lc Length of crankpin 40 mm dc Diameter of crankpin 28 mm L Stroke 57.8mm ds Shaft Diameter 22 mm T Thickness of crank web 30 mm W Width of crank web 30 mm R Shaft center to web center 29 mm
- 3. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org 23 doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942 345.48X103 = = 80.15 N/ mm2 Stain for Structural Steel Stain for Aluminum Alloy ε = ε = = = =0.00225 =0.00225 Strain for Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Steel ε = = = 0.00080113 IV. DESIGN METHODOLOGY A. Procedure for Static Analysis First, we modeled the crankshaft in SolidWorks and saved it as .IGES file format for Analysis of crankshaft in ANSYS software. The imported .IGES model is simulated in ANSYS Workbench. The dimension of crankshaft taken from workshop is modelled in SolidWorks software. The modeled assembly of crankshaft is shown below: Fig 2. Crankshaft assembly modeled in SolidWorks B. Loading and boundary condition Boundary condition play important role in FEA[9]. Here we have taken fixed support at both bearing. The given below illustrate the boundary condition of crankshaft. The force of 34.51 KN is applied in Crankpin of crankshaft. The blue colour mark illustrate fixed support and red coulur illustrate application of gas force as given in fig. 3 C. Meshing of crankshaft Meshing is the most important part in any of the computer simulations, because it can show drastic changes in results you get. Tetrahedral meshing is done because the tetrahedral meshing methodology is utilized for the cross section of the strong district geometry and meshing delivers fantastic cross section for boundary representation of solid auxiliary model. Method: Tetrahedrons Number of nodes: 16625 Numbers of elements: 9148 Fig 3 Application of Load and Gas Force Fig 4. Meshing of crankshaft in ANSYS D. Application of Materials for Analysis There are total three materials are used for this solid model structural steel, aluminum alloy and nickel chromium molybdenum steel. The material properties of the crankshaft is given below: I. Structural Steel Density=7850 Kg/m3 Yield Tensile Strength= 250 MPa Poison Ratio= 0.3 Modulus of Elasticity= 200 GPa II. Aluminum Alloy Density=2770 Kg/m3 Yield Tensile Strength=280Mpa Ultimate Tensile Strength=310Mpa Poison Ratio=0.33 Modulus of Elasticity=71 Gpa
- 4. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org 24 doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942 III. Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Steel Density=7850 Kg/m3 Yield Tensile Strength= 550 MPa Ultimate Tensile Strength= 620 MPa Poison Ratio= 0.285 Modulus of Elasticity= 200 GPa E. Linear Static Analysis of Crankshaft After the application of boundary condition and force, the next step is to perform static analysis in ANSYS software. We are mainly concern with the von mises stress and total deformation. The crankshaft is checked for von-misses stress and analytical calculation with different three materials for the validation of work. Fig 5 Von- misses stress for Structural steel Fig 6 Von- misses stress for Aluminum alloy Fig 7 Von- misses stress for NCM steel Since crankshaft consists of different parts like crank web, journal shaft, crankpin and main shaft. The crankpin is the important part of crankshaft assembly as gas force is indirectly applied to crankpin through connecting rod. So we have carried out our analysis by taking one material for crankpin and other materials for rest part of crankshaft assembly among three used materials for best result out of these combination. Fig 8. Web made of structural steel & crankpin made of NCM steel Fig 9. Web made of NCM steel & crankpin made of Structural steel Fig 10. Web made of structural steel & crankpin made of Aluminum Alloy
- 5. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org 25 doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942 Fig 11. Web made of Aluminum alloy& crankpin made of structural steel Fig 12. Web made of Aluminum alloy & crankpin made of NCM steel Fig 13. Web made of NCM steel & crankpin The software result obtained with different materials for Von Misses stress in different condition of web and crankpin materials are given below: Table 3. Von misses stress value for different materials S.N. Materials Condition Von misses stress 1 Only Structural Steel 148.95 2 Only Aluminum Alloy 146.28 3 Only Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Steel 150.21 4 Webs made of Structural steel and crankpin as Aluminum alloy 301.42 5 Webs made of Aluminum Alloy and crankpin as structural steel 166.51 6 Webs made of NCMS and crankpin as aluminum alloy 302.66 7 Webs made of aluminum alloy and crankpin as NCMS 167 8 Webs made of NCMS and crankpin as structural steel 150.28 9 Webs made of structural steel and crankpin as NCMS 148.89 The total deformation obtained for different materials of crankshaft using ANSYS software are given below: Fig 14. Total deformation for structural steel Fig 15. Total deformation for Aluminum Alloy Fig 16. Total deformation for NCM steel
- 6. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org 26 doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942 Table 4. Total deformation for different materials S.N Materials Type Software Results (m) 1 For Structural Steel 9.27E-6 2 For Aluminum Alloy 2.624E-5 3 For Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Steel 9.244E-6 V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION From above analysis we can see that there is total three materials used for analysis and got the different result with different parameters, from analysis it is found that the Aluminum alloy is best of them. Usually crankshaft is made from steel by using casting or forging but we can use aluminum alloy as a material for crankshaft making. We can see that crankshaft is made of combination of different parts like crank webs, crankpin, bearing supports, etc. among them crank webs and crankpin are important parts. Crank webs are used for weight balancing and crankpin are components were Pressure of gas is applied and is responsible for conversion of reciprocating motion into rotatory. Thus we have used different materials for overall design of crankshaft as crankpin is made of one material and rest part are made of another one to check the von misses stress and total deformation under same condition of loading. From this analysis we get Webs made of structural steel and crankpin made from nickel chromium molybdenum steel is the second best combination for crankshaft design. Von misses stress for aluminum alloy is 146.28 MPa. The crankshaft chosen for this project is Hero Super Splendor 124.7 CC. Comparing chat of three materials is as below: Table 5. Comparative table for Stress analysis S.N. Materials Condition Analytical value (MPa) Von misses stress 1 Only Structural Steel 160.227 148.95 2 Only Aluminum Alloy 160.227 146.28 3 Only Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Steel 160.227 150.21 4 Webs made of Structural steel and crankpin as Aluminum alloy 160.227 301.42 5 Webs made of Aluminum Alloy and crankpin as structural steel 160.227 166.51 6 Webs made of NCMS and crankpin as aluminum alloy 160.227 302.66 7 Webs made of aluminum alloy and crankpin as NCMS 160.227 167 8 Webs made of NCMS and crankpin as structural steel 160.227 150.28 9 Webs made of structural steel and crankpin as NCMS 160.227 148.89 Table 5. Comparative table for total deformation S.N. Materials Types Analytical results (mm) Software analysis Results (mm) 1 For Structural Steel 8.0113E-4 9.27E-6 2 For Aluminum Alloy 2.257E-3 2.624E-5 3 For NCM Steel 8.0113E-4 9.244E-6
- 7. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org 27 doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942 VI. CONCLUSION The following conclusion can be drawn from the result of crankshaft analysis a. Three different materials were used for the analysis of crankshaft as structural steel, aluminum alloy and Nickel Chromium molybdenum steel b. The maximum stress appears at the area between crank journal and crank cheeks c. The value of von-misses stresses of analysis is less than the material yield stress so this design is safe. d. Crankshaft made of aluminum alloy has highest strength and show minimum value of von misses stress (146.28 Mpa) e. Crankshaft is made of combination of different parts like crank webs, crankpin, bearing supports, etc. among them crank webs and crankpin are important parts. f. Since, force is directly applied at the crankpin of crankshaft so a different combination of materials in same crankshaft is used to find best materials. we obtained Webs made of structural steel and crankpin made from nickel chromium molybdenum steel has least value of von misses stress (148.89 Mpa) VII. FUTURE SCOPE The analysis of crankshaft can be done in various way beside follows in this works. The design analysis can be explained by taking different constraints other static analysis and with different simulation software. The future scope of this works can be tabulated below:- a. Analysis can be done with other materials of higher strength and low weight materials. b. Vibration and fatigue analysis can be done to estimate life of crankshaft c. Economic analysis for different combination of materials in single crankshaft can be in future. VIII. AKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like convey my deep sense appreciation to prof. (dr.) Anshuka Srivasatava, Prof. (Dr.) S.C. Moses, Er. Rahul Francis Charles for their guidance and care in each and every step of preparing the research. I am grateful to Er. Rajesh Ranjan Mishara, Er. Rupesh Shah, Er. Avinash Singh and pursuing engineer Mr. Shuvam Shingh for their timely help without whom support this paper could not touch the final layout. REFERENCES [1] D. Harshada, J. Ashwini, L. Madhura and P.Yadav .‖ Design, Analysis & Optimization of Crankshaft Using CAE‖, IIJME, Vol 4,Issue 4 ,2016 [2] J. Joshi and D.M. Patel, ―Design and failure analysis of single cylinder petrol engine crankshaft usisng ANSYS software‖, International journal of engineering science and computing, Vol. 7 Issue No. 4,2017 [3] S.Bhagya Lakshmi ., Sudheer Kumar V, Ch. Nagara ju ―Dynamic Analysis of Honda Engine Crankshaft‖, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology ,Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 174-178), 2012. [4] R. K. Rajput, ―A Textbook of Internal Combustion Engines‖, Laxmi Publication (P) Ltd. (2009)., ch 2 , pp 20-22. [5] P. N. Rohini, S. Nagu ―Design and Optimization of IC Engine Crankshaft‖, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology ISSN: 2277-9655, pp 931-937, 2014. [6] R. G .Dubensky,. ―Crankshaft Concept Design Flowchart for Product Optimization‖, SAE Technical Paper No. 2002-01-0770, Society of Automotive Engineers, 2002. 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 structural steel aluminumalloy Nickel Chromium Molybdenum steel stressinMpa materialstype Comparative Chart analytical Results (Mpa) Software Results (Mpa) Chart 1. Von Misses Stress for different materials of Crankshaft
- 8. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.7, July 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org 28 doi: 10.32622/ijrat.77201942 [7] A .Hallal, A .Elmarakbi, A .Shaito, & H. El-Hage, Overview of Composite Materials and their Automotive Applications. Advanced Composite Materials for Automotive Applications, 1–28. 2013. [8] H .Farzin. Montazersadgh and A. Fatemi ―Stress Analysis and Optimization of Crankshafts Subjected to Dynamic Loading‖, AISI, 2007. [9] G.H. Farrahi, S.M. H-Gangaraj, M. Sakhaei, S. Abolhassani F. Hemmati ―Failure Analysis of a Four Cylinder Diesel Engine Crankshaft Made From Nodular Cast Iron‖, the Journal of Engine Research/Vol. 22 / Springer,2014. [10] R. Gligorijevic, J .Jevtic, G. Vidanovic, and N .Radojevic, ―Fatigue Strength of Nodular Iron Crankshafts‖, SAE Technical Paper No. 2001-01-3412, Society of Automotive Engineers, 2001. AUTHORS PROFILE Santosh Kumar Yadav has completed BE from Paschimancahl Engineering Campus (TU, Nepal) and M. Tech from SHUATS India in Mechanical Engineering. His area of interest is Automobile and Production Engineering. Santosh was awarded Scholarship for M tech by Gov. of India. He has attended many Seminar and Conferences relating mechanical engineering. He has excellent understanding in Modeling and Simulation Software like AutoCAD, SolidWorks and ANSYS. He has organized various Workshop in SolidWorks as a Trainer in College. Email- [email protected] Dr. Earnest Vinay Prakash has accomplished BE from R.G.T.U. Jabalpur, M tech and PhD from SHUATS Prayagraj and presently working as Assistant Professor at SHUATS. He has published many research paper in National and International journals. Dr. Vinay has attended many Seminars and Conferences. Email- [email protected]