Project Quality Management
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The document discusses project quality management. It describes quality management as including the processes required to ensure a project satisfies its intended needs. There are three key quality processes: plan quality, perform quality assurance, and perform quality control. Planning quality involves determining quality policies and standards. Quality assurance ensures adherence to quality standards. Quality control monitors whether quality standards are being met. The document provides details on various tools and techniques used for each quality process.
Project Quality Management
- 1. Project Quality Management Sections of this presentation were adapted from A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge 5th Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., © 2013
- 2. Project Quality Management Project quality management includes the process required to ensure that the project satisfies the needs for which it is undertaken. PQM includes all the activities of the overall management function that determine the quality policy, objectives, and responsibilities and implement them within the quality system.
- 3. Why Quality Management? Quality means conformance to specifications and fitness for use – i.e. just what you need and not more Projects or products with unnecessary features can be too expensive to meet the business need Prevention is much cheaper than inspection, build quality in early to minimize costs/maximize quality
- 4. How to Manage Quality?Three processes • Plan Quality – What is quality and how will we ensure it? • Perform Quality Assurance – Are we following the quality standards? • Perform Quality Control – Are we meeting the quality standards? Perform Quality Assurance Perform Quality Control Plan Quality
- 5. How to Manage Quality? These processes interact with each other as well as with the processes of other knowledge areas Each process involves an effort of one or more individual or group of individuals based on the need of the project. Each process occurs at least once in every project phase during the project life cycle Perform Quality Assurance Perform Quality Control Plan Quality
- 6. Plan Quality Management Cost-benefit analysis Cost of quality Seven basic quality tools Benchmarking Design of experiments Statistical sampling Additional quality planning tools Meetings Tools & TechniquesProject management plan Stakeholder register Risk register Requirements documentation Enterprise environmental factors Organizational process assets Quality management plan Process improvement plan Quality metrics Quality checklists Project documents updates Inputs Outputs Perform Quality Assurance Perform Quality Control Plan Quality
- 7. Plan Quality Management Cost of Quality – Evaluating the cost of conformance with the cost of nonconformance to reach a balance. Includes; • Prevention Costs • Appraisal Costs • Failure Costs Cost of Conformance Cost of Non Conformance Quality training Rework Studies Scrap Surveys Inventory Costs Warranty Costs Deming’s Costs of Quality “85% of the costs of quality are the direct responsibility of management "- William Edwards Deming
- 8. Plan Quality Management PMBOOK 2013 Cost of Quality – Evaluating the cost of conformance with the cost of nonconformance to reach a balance.
- 9. Quality Planning Terms Gold Plating – Giving the customer extras that do not add value to the project Marginal Analysis – The point where the incremental revenue from an improvement equals the cost to implement it Kaizen – Continuous improvement process to reduce costs and promote consistency ISO 9000 – International standard to ensure that companies have quality procedures and that they follow them
- 10. Perform Quality Assurance Quality management and control tools Quality audits Process analysis Tools & Techniques Change requests Project management plan updates Project documents updates Organizational process assets updates Quality management plan Process improvement plan Quality metrics Quality control measurements Project documents Inputs Outputs Perform Quality Assurance Perform Quality Control Plan Quality
- 11. Statistics Terms Review Mutually Exclusive – Two events that cannot both occur in a single trial Statistical Independence – Probability of one event occurring does not affect the probability of another event occurring Probability – The likelihood that something will occur (usually expressed in percent)
- 12. Perform Quality Control Seven basic quality tools Statistical sampling Inspection Approved change requests review Tools & Techniques Quality Control Measurements Validated Deliverables Validated Changes Change Requests Project Management Plan Updates Work performance information Project Document Updates Project management plan Quality metrics Quality checklists Work performance data Approved change requests Deliverables Project documents Organizational process assets Inputs Outputs Perform Quality Assurance Perform Quality Control Plan Quality
- 13. Pareto Principle/ Chart Graph of problem type vs. frequency 80/20 Rule – a theory maintaining that 80% of the output in a given situation or system is produced by 20% of the input. Problem Type Frequency CumulativePercentage www.techtarget.com/
- 14. Control Chart Upper & Lower Control Limits (UCL & LCL) • Set by quality goal i.e. 3s • Includes the normal and expected variation in the process Specification Limits • Contracted acceptable limit, usually outside UCL & LCL Out of Control A process is considered out of control when: 1. a data point exceeds a control limit; 2. seven consecutive plot points are above the mean; 3. seven consecutive plot points are below the mean. Assignable Change • When the controller adjusts the process to bring the process back within process control limits
- 15. Control Charts Out of control point indicates unsuall process - activity