A-BREIF-SUMMARY-OF-THE-FIRST-VOYAGE-AROUND-THE-WORLD-BY-MAGELLAN-BY-ANTONIO-PIGA.pptx

READING IN PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
Content and Contextual Analysis of
Selected Primary Sources in Philippine
History

Learning Objectives:
• To familiarize oneself with the primary documents in
different historical periods of the Philippines;
• To learn history through primary sources;
• To properly interpret primary sources through examining
the content and context of the document; and
• To understand the context behind each selected
documents.

WHAT WE'LL DISCUSS?
☐ A B R I E F S U M M A R Y O F T H E F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E
W O R L D B Y M A G E L L A N B Y A N T O N I O P I G A F E T TA

• It is the historian's
primary tool of
understanding and
interpreting the past.
• It ascertain
historical facts.
HISTORICAL
SOURCES

• Facts are then analyzed
and interpreted by the
historian.
• Using primary source in
historical research entails
two kinds of criticism.
HISTORICAL
SOURCES

• EXTERNAL CRITICISM -
Authenticity of the
document or the evidence
being used.
• INTERNAL CRITICISM-
Examine the truthfulness of
the content of the evidence.
HISTORICAL
SOURCES

A BRIEF SUMMARY OF
THE FIRST VOYAGE
AROUND THE WORLD BY
MAGELLAN BY ANTONIO
PIGAFETTA

ABOUT THIS BOOK
This book was taken from the
chronicles of contemporary
voyagers, navigator of sixteenth
century, and was an Italian
nobleman, Antonio Pigafetta.

ABOUT THIS BOOK
Antonio Pigafetta's work instantly
became a classic that prominent
literary men in the West.

ABOUT THIS BOOK
Pigafetta's travelogue is one of the
most important primary source in
the study of Pre-Colonial Philippines.

ABOUT THIS BOOK
Antonio Pigafetta's account was also
a major referent to the events
leading the Magellan's arrival in the
Philippines.

ABOUT THIS BOOK
His (Pigafetta) encounter with local
leaders, his death with the hands of
Lapu-lapu's forces in the battle of
Mactan and the departure of what
was left of Magellan's fleet from the
islands.

ABOUT THIS BOOK
The First Voyage Around the World
by Magellan was published after
Pigafetta returned to Italy.

ANTONIO
PIGAFETTA
 Born some time in the closing
year of the 15th century.
 Parents: Giovanni Pigafetta
and Angela Zoga.
 The eldest child among his
siblings of 2.
 Was a native of Vicenza, a town
about a hundred kilometers
west of Venice, Italy.

ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
Studied astronomy, geography, and cartography.
 Served on board the ships of the Knights of Rhodes at the
beginning of the 16th century.
 Had an aunt, Elisabetta, who married Valerio Chiericati.
 Accompanied Monsignor Chiericati to Spain in 1519.
Accompanied Ferdinand Magellan, together with Juan
Sebatián Elcano in the famous expedition to Moluccas which
began in August 1519 and ended in September 1522.

LET'S START THE
JOURNEY
In Pigafetta's account, their fleet reached what he called
Landrones Island or the "Island of Thieves"

WHAT IS LANDRONES
ISLANDS OR THE
ISLANDS OF THIEVES?

A-BREIF-SUMMARY-OF-THE-FIRST-VOYAGE-AROUND-THE-WORLD-BY-MAGELLAN-BY-ANTONIO-PIGA.pptx

• Landrones Islands is presently known
as the Marianas Islands.
• Located at south-southeast of Japan,
west-southwest of Hawaii, North of
New Guinea and east of Philippines.
• It is also called "Islands of the Thieves"

He recounted (Pigafetta):
"These people have no arms, but use
sticks, which have a fish bone at the end.
They are poor, but ingenious, and great
thieves, and for the sake of what we
called these three islands the Landrones
Islands."

• Pigafetta reported that they reached
what he called the isle of Zamal, now
Samar but Magellan decided to land
in another uninhabited island for a
greater security where they could
rest for a few days.

• Pigafetta recounted that nine (9) men
came to them and showed joy and
eagerness in seeing them. In turn, the
natives also gave them fish, palm wine
(uraca), figs (fruit), two cochos, rice
(umai), cocos, and other food supplies.

"This palm tree produces a fruit named
cocho, which is as large as the head, or
thereabouts: its first husk is green, and
two fingers in thickness, in it they find
certain threads, with which they make the
cords for fastening their boats."

• Pigafetta characterized the people
as "very familiar and friendly"
and willingly showed them
different islands and the names of
these islands.

• Humunu Island (Homonhon) and
there they found what Pigafetta
referred to as the "Watering Place of
Good Signs.
"FIRST SIGNS OF GOLD IN THE
ISLAND."

• They named the island
(Humuno or Homonhon) with
the nearby islands as the
Archipelago of St. Lazarus.

• Pigafetta recounted that they saw
two ballanghai (balangay), a long
boat full of people in
Mazzava/Mazaua.
• The leader, who referred to as the
King of the Ballanghai (Balangay),
sent his men to the ship of
Magellan.

• When the King of the Balangay offered to
give Magellan a bar of gold and a chest of
ginger, Magellan declined.
• Magellan sent the interpreter to the king
and asked for money for the needs of his
ships and expressed that he came into the
islands as a friend and not as an enemy.

• Magellan also boasted of his
men in in armor who could not
be struck with swords and
daggers.
• Magellan also shared with the
king his charts and maps and
shared how they found the
islands.

• Magellan was introduced to the king's
brother (Raia Calambu) who was also a
king of another island.
• The gold was abundant that parts of the
ship and of the house of the second king
were made of gold.
• Pigafetta described this king as the most
handsome of all the men that he saw in
this place.

• He was also adorned with silk and gold
accessories like a golden dagger, which he carried
with him in a wooden polished sheath.

• This king was named Raia
Calambu, King of Zuluan and
Calagan (Butuan and Caragua).
• The first king was Raia Siagu.

Which happened to be Easter Sunday,
Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a
Mass by the shore.
"... when the offertory of the mass came, the
two kings, went to kiss the cross like us, but
they offered nothing, and at the elevation of
the body of the Lord they were kneeling like us,
and adored our Lord with joined hands."

• Magellan ordered that the cross be
brought with nails and crown in place.
• Cross, Nail, & Crown were the signs of
his emperor (Magellan).

• The king concurred and allowed for
the cross to be planted.
• This Mass would go down in history
as the first Mass in the
Philippines, and the cross would be
the famed Magellan's Cross still
preserved at present day

• Magellan and his men decided to
move and look for islands where
they could acquire more supplies
and provisions.
• They learned of the islands of
Ceylon (Leyte), Bohol, and Zzubu
(Cebu) and inetended to go there.

• Raia Calambu offered to pilot them
in going to Cebu. Cebu is the largest
and richest islands.

• Magellan and his men reached the
port of Cebu. Magellan said that he
was a captain of a king himself and
thus would not pay tribute to other
kings. The king of Cebu consulted his
council.

• Magellan's men and the king of Cebu,
together with other principal men of
Cebu, met in an open space.
• There, the king of Cebu offered a bit of his
blood and demanded that Magellan do
the same.

"Then the king said that he was content, and as a
greater sign of affection he sent him a little of his blood
from his right arm, and wished he should do the like.
Our people answered that he would do it. Besides that,
he said that all the captains who came to his country
had been accustomed to make a present to him, and he
to them, and therefore they should ask their captain if
he would observe the custom. Our people answered
that he would; but as the king wished to keep up the
custom, let him begin and make a present, and then the
captain would do his duty."

• Magellan spoke before the people of
Cebu about peace and God. Magellan
responded to this by saying that his
faith entailed children to render
honor and obedience to their parents.

• Magellan also preached about their faith
further and people were reportedly
convinced.
Pigafetta recounted:
"their men were overjoyed seeing that the
people wished to become Christians through
their free will and not because they were
forced or intimidated."

• Magellan spoke to the king (Cebu) and
encouraged him to be a good Christian by
burning all of the idols and worship the cross
instead. The king of Cebu was then baptized as
a Christian.
Pigafetta wrote:
"To that the king and all his people answered that
thy would obey the commands of the captain and do
all that he told them..."

Pigafetta wrote:
"and when he was baptized, he said that he would
name him Don Charles (Carlos), as the emperor his
sovereign was named; he named the prince Don
Fernand (Fernando), after the brother of the
emperor, and the king of Mazavva, Jehan: to the
Moor he gave the name of Christopher and to the
others each name of his fancy."

AFTER EIGHT DAYS
April 22, 1521

Pigafetta counted:
"all of the island's inhabitant were already
baptized. He admitted that they burned a
village down for obeying neither the king nor
Magellan."
The mass was conducted by the shore
every day.

• When the queen came to the Mass one
day, Magellan gave her an image of
the infant Jesus made by Pigafetta
himself.
• The king of Cebu swore that he would
always be faithful to Magellan.

• When Magellan reiterated that all of the
newly baptized Christians need to burn
their idols, but the natives gave excuses
telling Magellan that they needed the
idols to heal a sick man who was a
relative to the king.
• Magellan insisted that they should put
their faith in Jesus Christ.

• They went to the sick man and
baptized him. After baptismal,
Pigafetta recorded that the man was
able to speak again. He called this a
miracle.

• Zula, a principal man from the island of
Matan (Mactan) went to see Magellan
and asked him for a boat full of men so
that he would be able to fight the chief
named Silapulapu (Lapulapu).

• Magellan offered three boats and
expressed his desire to Mactan
himself to fight the said chief.
• Magellan's forces arrived in Mactan in
daylight. Zula's company numbered
49 in total and the islanders of Mactan
were estimated to number 1500.

Pigaffeta recounted:
"When we reached land (Mactan), we
found the islanders hundred in number
(estimated 1500), drawn up three
squadrons; they came down upon us
with terrible shouts, two squadrons
attacking us on the flanks and the third
in front..."

"the captain (Magellan) then divided
his men in two bands. The musketeers
and crossbow-men fired for half an
hour from a distance, but did
nothing..."

"since the bullets and arrows,
though they passed through
their shield made of thin wood,
and perhaps wounded their
arms, yet did not stop them..."

"the captain shouted not to
fire, but he was not listened
to..."

"The islanders seeing that the shots of our
guns did them little or no harm would not
retire, but shouted more loudly, and springing
from one side to the other to avoid our shots,
they at the same time drew nearer to us,
throwing arrows, javelins, spears hardened in
fire, stones, and even mud, so that we could
hardly defend ourselves."

The natives, perceiving that the bodies
of the enemies were protected with
armors, aimed for their legs instead.
Magellan was pierced with a poisoned
arrow in his right leg.

A few of their men charged at the natives
and tried to intimidate them by burning
an entire village but this only enraged
the natives further. Magellan was
specifically targeted because the native
knew that he was the captain general.

Magellan was hit with a lance in the face.
Magellan retaliated and pierced the same
native with his lance in the breast and
tried to draw his sword but could not lift
it because of his wounded arm. Seeing
that the captain has already deteriorated,
more natives came to attacked him.

One native with a great sword
delivered a blow in Magellan's left leg,
brought his face down and the natives
ceaselessly attacked Magellan with
lances, swords, and even with their
bare hands.

Pigafetta recounted the last moment of
Magellan: "Whilst the Indians were thus
overpowering him, several times he
turned around towards us to see if we
were all in safety, as though his
obstinate fight had no other object than
to give an opportunity for the retreat of
his men."

Pigafetta also said that the king of Cebu
who was baptized could have sent help
but Magellan instructed him not to join
the battle and stay in the balangay boat
so that he would see how they fought.

The king offered the people of
Mactan gifts of any value and
amount in exchange of Magellan's
body, but the chief refused because
they wanted to keep Magellan's body
as a memento of their victory.

Magellan's men elected Duarte
Barbosa as the new captain.
Pigafetta also told how Magellan's
slave and interpreter named Henry
betrayed them and told the King of
Cebu that they intended to leave
as quickly as possible.

The king invited these men to a
gathering where he said he would
present the jewels that he would
send for the king of Spain.

Pigafetta was not able to join the
twenty-four men who attended
because he was nursing his battle
wounds. It was only a short time
when they heard cries and
lamentations. The natives had slain all
of the men except the interpreter and
Juan Serrano who was already
wounded.

Serrano was presented and shouted at
the men in the ship asking them to pay
ransom so he would be spared.
However they refused and would not
allow anyone to go to the shore. The
fleet departed and abandoned Serrano.

They left Cebu and
continued their
journey around the
world

THANK YOU
BRENT ERROL MOLARO, FRANK
EMIL BRIONES, ROMMEL
SAURANE
DISCUSSANce

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