A Brief Introduction to Enterprise Architecture
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The document provides an overview of enterprise architecture, addressing its importance in compliance with regulations such as GDPR, and highlighting the potential efficiency gains it can bring to organizations. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of enterprise, solution, and technical architects, emphasizing the necessity for effective governance and alignment with business goals. Additionally, it details the artifacts produced by enterprise architecture teams and the factors influencing their deliverables.
A Brief Introduction to Enterprise Architecture
- 1. A Brief Introduction to Enterprise Architecture Daljit Roy Banger MSc FBCS 16th Feb 2017 Hosted by : Student Union
- 2. • Introduction • A Quick Primer • Products of Enterprise Architecture The Role • Q&A Agenda
- 6. • What if a new piece of legislation is imposed by a Local, Central or International body with which the organisation must comply One such piece of legislation that is coming in 2018 is the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) • Full text of GDPR can be found at http://ec.europa.eu/justice/data- protection/reform/files/regulation_oj_en.pdf ) • “Do nothing” is not an option as GDPR significantly raises the stakes in terms of compliance, with maximum penalties of 4% annual global turnover or up to 20m Euros (whichever is higher). • How do we insure that we are compliant using an Enterprise Architectural Approach to the problem ? Example Scenario
- 7. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Guidance Consent •freely given ? Transparency Profiling High risk processing Certification Administrative fines •4% annual global turnover or up to 20m Euros (whichever is higher). Breach notification •where feasible, within 72 hours of becoming aware! Data transfers
- 8. Impact of GDPR on the Enterprise http:www.s-ea-t.com CopyrightDaljitRBanger
- 9. Efficiency Gains / Cost Savings can be achieved through: 1.Exploiting Technology Synergies 2.Re-using System Components 3.Exposing System Services to new processes. 4.Understanding the impact of new systems on the performance and capacity of enabling technologies.
- 10. Products of Enterprise Architecture
- 11. The deliverables and attributes of artefacts produced by the EA teams will be directly influenced by one or all of the following: The Structure / Size of the Organisation Characterist ics of the Organisatio n The Operating Environment of the Enterprise Architecture Practice Manageme nt buy-in of Enterprise Architectur e Size and Budget Available to the Team. Team Capabil ities However , irrespective of the structure or capabilities of the team, all artefacts can be classified into 1 of 3 domains One Size does not necessarily always fit all No Two Organisations are Identical
- 12. Control Governance – Process Boards – Review, Technical, Business Boards Programme / Project Engagement Business / Partner Engagements Stakeholder Management Inform Architectural Principles (Segmented by domains) Portfolio Management (Application / Data / Infrastructure) Funding Models Technical Reference Model Application Reference Model Best Practice Patterns Repository Impact Assessments Marketing Plans Standards / Notations Direct Stakeholder Engagement Business Architecture Target Definition Application Target Architecture Data & Information (Master Data Management Strategy) Infrastructure Target Architecture – Enabling Technology & Platforms Roadmaps (Product / Technology) Gap Analysis – Transitional States Impact Assessments Service promotion, catalogue etc…
- 13. Control Governance – Process Boards – Review, Technical, Business Boards Programme / Project Engagement Business / Partner Engagements Stakeholder Managemen
- 14. Inform Principles Policies Portfolio Management Funding Models Reference Models •Technical •Application Best Practices Patterns Impact Assessments Marketing Plans Standards / Notations
- 15. Direct Stakeholder Engagement Business Architecture Target Definition Application Target Architecture Data & Information (Master Data Management Strategy) Infrastructure Target Architecture – Enabling Technology & Platforms Roadmaps (Product / Technology) Gap Analysis – Transitional States Impact Assessments Service promotion, catalogue etc…
- 16. Services/Touchpoints of Enterprise Architecture
- 17. Principles • Business • This criteria element relates to the promotion of enterprise wide principles around the domain of business processing, especially business process modelling and service design. • Application • Principles relating to the design, build and deployment of applications • Information • Principles linked with the production, cleansing and publishing of information • Data • Principles associated with data design, usage, persistence etc. • Infrastructure • Principles associated with selection, deployment, management of the infrastructure (data Centres, Servers storage, network etc) • Foundation Services. • Foundation services relate to DR, Security, Incident management etc i.e. services that are core to all of the above Practices • Business Operations • Here Enterprise Architects should be concerned with the practices associated with capturing, modelling and digitally executing the business operations. • Application Design • I.e. delivery of designs of. Whilst, practices adopted may based on a specific methodology or approach, the real question ‘ how efficiently have we adopted the practices of the approach and are we meeting the business demands based on this adoption ?’ • Application Build • The maturity of the build of applications both internal and externally developed applications should encapsulate test of software unit, components etc prior to build • Governance • Architectural Governance and the teeth i.e. power of associated with the various boards. • Service Delivery • The maturity of the practices i.e. what actually happens during the deployment, management of systems on the technology landscape. • Support • Whilst this is close to Service Delivery it must be noted that we should rank how effectively the EA team deliver the support of its artefacts Process • Business • The engagement of the Enterprise Architecture functions with the Business Process Modelling and Design functions and any alignment activities. • STP • EA should facilitate a move towards Straight Through processing i.e. reducing the number of digital and manual process hand offs between processes. • Information • The Information Architecture and the associated process to capture, manage and publish EA information. • Orchestration • This relates to the processes associated with orchestrating business and technology services • Production Acceptance • The maturity of the processes associated with deployment, management of systems accepted into the production environment. • Documentation • The maturity of document production , publication and promotion by the Enterprise Architecture function • 3rd Party Engagement • How effectively does EA engage with 3rd parties to maximise the benefits to the organisation e.g. cost reductions, savings etc • Contribution to the Enterprise • What is the general perception of EA processes e.g. Governance contributing real value to the organisation from system users to senior management? Patterns • Publications • Does the organisation have a patterns catalogue? How mature is the organising in publishing it patterns, do these publications adopt standards for syntax, notations etc • Promotion • How are patterns promoted through the organisation, are they rendered via an intranet? Or are they in a document library somewhere? • Development • How patterns are developed – are they text book extracts or are they developed with the various technical communities? • Usage • Do the technical Communities use these patterns to provide efficiency gains to the organisation? • Application • Application patterns are to be found publically available and thus should be exploited – do your organisational developers for example exploit published patterns when constructing applications. • Infrastructure • As with Applications above – Do your Service delivery personal for example use standard patterns for system configurations deployed into production. • Security • Security patterns are emerging as a key in distributed systems – are these in use ?, does the technical community know of the existence • Re-Use • How often are patterns re-used if at all and do we as an organisation promote reuse. Portfolio Management • Services • Most Organisations have their own definition of a Services the EAM measure assumes a service as a function that is well-defined, self-contained, and does not depend on the context or state of other services. A service can be either a business or technical object. • Application • The portfolio of applications in an Organisation can be a mix of either bespoke or Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) either way the life cycle should be managed in a single unified location. • Middleware • Middleware could refer to Enterprise Service Buses, Messaging or even request brokers – these should be managed and in most cases the interfaces to these systems. • Storage • Information and data object persistence should be monitored and managed, i.e. not be the physical devices e.g. the NAS or SANs etc. • Servers • The portfolio management of the Physical Servers both in the production and test environments. • Other Infrastructure • Maturity of the portfolio management of the Physical devices e.g. network Switches, laptops, etc. • Techniques • The techniques adopted to create, capture and manage the information required to measure the level of maturity in the management of the ‘artefact’ portfolio. Products of Enterprise Architecture
- 18. The Role..
- 19. Transition to Enterprise Architecture
- 20. Mapping the Architect to The Stack
- 21. Roles & Responsibility (EA) • Strategic input into the technology roadmaps of the organisation – shape, form and stabilise • Influence decision makers on technology investment – current & future • Provide systems consultancy, guidance and assurance to large programmes • Review and assure Solution Designs produced both internally and by 3rd party suppliers • Ensure that governance mechanisms such as review boards, principles etc. are maintained and supported • Police the standards through Project and Programme engagement • Represent the organisation with 3rd parties, for example Systems Integrators and Standards Bodies • Understand the impact of the introduction of new technology into the technology landscape of the organisation. Enterprise Architects maintain the organisational abstract view, with a primary objective to ensure that the technology landscape is aligned to the strategic, operational and tactical goals of the organisation.
- 22. Roles & Responsibility (SA&TA) Solution Architects work with/in Projects and Programmes to provide systems consultancy services, impact assessments, end-to-end designs, cost models.. Solution Architects work within the Projects and Programmes to deliver the following architectural services: • Manage the ‘cradle to grave’ – from conception through to delivery into production of solution architectures • Design both the physical and logical components of solution architectures that will deliver a positive business outcome • Work with Project Managers to provide provisional costs for the components of the architecture • Technical Analysis and Design capabilities • Business and technical requirements capture, when required • Facilitate design workshops • Validate designs / costs produced by 3rd parties wishing to sell systems to the organisation. Technical Architects deliver the lower level of technical design, based on high-level component solution designs and costs provided by the Solution Architects. Technical Architect work with projects and the BAU organisation to provide some of the following : •Delivering technical designs and standards and the associated approvals from the formal governance channels. •Understanding the technology estate and the encapsulated technology components of the organisation •Providing technical recommendations and options based on solution designs which can cost-effectively be realised in the production environment •Mitigating any technical risks that could occur through the introduction of new technology into the landscape of the organisation •Providing input into the appropriate innovation funnels for the analysis of new technology •Keeping abreast of technology trends, attending industry events to ensure product roadmaps are understood by the Solution and Enterprise Architects. •Ensuring that production acceptance for projects is delivered and managed.
- 23. • Enterprise Architects maintain a macro abstract organisational view, together with the understanding of the key business drivers and potential drivers for change and the effect that these drivers may have on the technology landscape of the organisation. • Solution Architects maintain a macro project view and deliver an end-to-end architecture in which they outline the key components (physical and logical) necessary to design a solution that meets requirements. • Technical Architects maintain a micro view of the technical components that will be deployed to realise the solution design and often act as the true ‘guardians’ of the technology estate. Architectural Mindset
- 24. Final Note • Enterprise Architecture is delivered in the context of the Organisation – true value can not be realised by simply following a single ‘Cook Book’ or Framework approach. • Architectural Realization is a way of thinking and not a concrete technological implementation. It is however, supported by frameworks, patterns & best practices that complement the mindset. • As an Enterprise Architect you must be aware of both the technology landscape of your organisation and external factors that can impact the landscape
- 25. Q&A
- 26. Website : www.s-ea-t.com (Tools, Papers Downloads) Blog : https://dalbanger.wordpress.com/ Email : [email protected] Thank You
Editor's Notes
- #3: The purpose of today's session is to introduce core basic concepts around Enterprise Architecture and discuss the role of the Enterprise Architect . We shall Discuss the Architectural Stack and the areas it covers Use a Simple Example of an impending Law which will modify some elements of the Stack Discuss Some of the Products that are produced to Control, Inform and Direct the ICT Function to ensure it aligns with Business Goals We will Discuss the Role/Responsibility of the Enterprise Architect Then we will take questions
- #8: GDPR will replace the 1995 Data Protection Directive and, in the UK, the Data Protection Act 1998. There is no requirement to notify authorities of data processing but a requirement to keep records of data processing activities (subject to limited exceptions for SMEs). There is a requirement to appoint a data protection officer (DPO) where an organisation’s core business involves processing personal data involving regular and systematic monitoring of data subjects or large amounts of sensitive personal data.
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