A Comprehensive Introduction to Everything SOA

SOA-tr

Service Oriented
Architecture
A COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION TO EVERYTHING
SOA
Mehmet Akyuz, Sr. SOA Consultant
http://soa-tr.com
mehmet.akyuz@soa-tr.com
twitter.com/_makyuz
linkedin.com/in/makyuz

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Before we start…

SOA knows what you did last summer,
and is disappointed that it wasn't SOA.

A Comprehensive Introduction to SOA | http://soa-tr.com | Page 2

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Facts Concerning Me

One person successfully described SOA
completely, and immediately died.


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Facts Concerning You

SOA is not complex. You are just dumb.


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Agenda
› Getting Started
› Why Love SOA?
› History
› Services
– Principles, Classification, Delivery, Modeling, Development
› Reference Architectures
› Enterprise Service Bus
› SOA Maturity Models
› SOA Methodologies
› SOA Governance


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GETTING STARTED


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Getting Started
› A nice idea (i.e. architectural style)
developed for better business and IT with
the use of services.

A Service = A Business or an
IT capability (exposed by its
provider)


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Services, Services & Services
› SOA. Good Idea, Hard Task.

Re-organize IT Like this To make these

Heterogeneous Business Business
IT Environment Services Agility


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Example Services

UpdateCustomerAddress

GetNextInvoiceDate ActivateSubscription

Billing CRM OM


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Example Services
InitiateOrder
UpdateCustomerAddress

Sales, Fınance,
Logistics…

Warehouse E-shopping
Portal

Customer
Care
Suppliers CRM
Email


Conceptual View Of The Service SOA-tr
Architecture


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What does SOA do
for me?
WHY LOVE SOA?


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What Does SOA Do For Me?

SOA takes out the complexity of IT;
Technology is no more a burden, but an
enabler for better business and innovation.

Chief Executive
Officer


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Reduces time in satisfying the needs of the
business. Reusability maximizes ROI of our
applications and technologies

Chief Information
Officer


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Offer services to customers, partners & others
within the organization. Be more flexible, agile
and faster in business.

Business Executive


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With SOA enablement and adoption, there will
be no more locked in business value and
processes within the heteregenous IT
ecosystem

Business Analyst


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Visible IT landscape enables the development
of dynamic, collaborative, configurable
applications that are ready for change.

Enterprise Architect


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SOA brings standards, architectural patterns,
reusability and technology neutral approach to
our integration efforts.

IT/Software Architect


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SOA assures an architectural effort is taken
before going into development. Reusabilty,
discoverability and granularity of the services
makes it easier to develop apps.

And it looks
good on CV...

SW Developer


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Reading > Case Studies
› SOA Consortium Case Studies
http://goo.gl/rJzqH

› The Open Group Case Studies
http://goo.gl/hvk44


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Reading > Example Use Case (1/3)
Telecommunications Carrier in North
America

Business Need:
– Present a unified look and feel to telecommunication carrier’s
internal and external customers, despite the multitude of
acquisitions
– Dramatically reduce the cost of operations and eliminate duplication
of effort enterprise-wide by focusing on the core 400 activities used
to run the business
– Leverage reusable services with backend systems, based on
business rules around the 400 activities


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Reading > Example Use Case(2/3)
America

Use Case:
– Mega project to develop “One” architecture, integrating all backend
legacy systems from acquisitions, then abstracting the data using
AquaLogic Data Services Platform
– 450 applications built on common Infrastructure, used across billing,
organization, provisioning and customer care
– SOA portal enabling developers to review top services consumed,
review library of services, and review tips and tools
– Establish Multiple Centers of Excellence, roadmap efforts, training,
etc.


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Reading > Example Use Case (3/3)
America

Results: SOA Value Delivered
– Reduced network outages to zero
– Stronger focus on strategic initiatives, with only 30% of IT spend on
operations (vs. 85% - 95%)
– More transparency by masking systems complexity from users
– $80 million in value over two years, from improved efficiency,
responsiveness, and adaptability of the organization


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Reading > SOA Readiness/Assessment
› JBOSS SOA Assessment Tool: http://goo.gl/ng9wh
› IBM SOA Self-Assessment: http://goo.gl/koxUa
› Software AG SOA Value Assesment: http://goo.gl/iF3OG
› TIBCO ROI Calculator: http://goo.gl/qstl8
› Macehiter Ward Dutton: http://goo.gl/e0qFh
› Sun SOA Readiness Whitepaper: http://goo.gl/Gbuly
› David Conway, Independent Cons. : http://goo.gl/0saeC
› Jeremy Westerman, Business Value of SOA:
http://goo.gl/kLtQK
› Logic Library, ROI of SOA: http://goo.gl/lIX5C
› SAP SOA Value Assessment: http://goo.gl/z1M3W


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A BRIEF HISTORY


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How Did It Come To SOA?
› Changes in IT approach

Build Buy Compose
Apps Apps Apps

60s 70s 80s 90s 00s 10s


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› Changes in architectures

Monolithic 2-Tier N-Tier SOA

Advances in networking (More distributed computing)


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› Changes in architectures

Advances in networking (More distributed computing)


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› Integration is not a new issue
› Socket Programming
–Low level programming
› RPC (Remote Procedure Call)
–Defined by IETF in RFC 1831.
–Function-oriented, Not suitable for n-tier apps
› DOC (Distributed Object Computing)
–CORBA, DCOM/COM+, RMI
–Based on Objects and Object Managers (Object Request
Brokers/Registry Service)


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EAI > Enterprise Application Integration
› An integration framework composed of a collection of
capabilities and technologies that form a middleware to
enable integration of systems and applications accross the
enterprise.
App App App

App Programming Interface

Middleware

System System System System


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MOM > Message Oriented Middleware
› Message Oriented Middleware (MOM)
– Exchanging messages across distributed systems (routing &
transformation)
– Many depend on Message Queue systems
– Standards: JMS, MSMQ, AMQP, STOMP
– Hardware Middleware: http://goo.gl/cKt4P
› Commercial Examples
– IBM WebSphereMQ, TIBCO EMS, Progress SonicMQ, MS Biztalk,
webMethods IS, Oracle AQ
› Open Source Examples
– Apache ActiveMQ, Apache Qpid, Fuse Message Broker/Mediation Router,
OpenSAF (GoAhead & MontaVista), Glassfish MQ, Spring RabbitMQ,
– More: http://www.ow2.org/view/Activities/ProjectsByFunction#MW
– Evaluation:
http://wiki.secondlife.com/wiki/Message_Queue_Evaluation_Notes#Sprinkle


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DATA INTEGRATION MIDDLEWARE
› Data Integration
– Has many different flavors (ETL “Extract, Transform, Load”, Data
Mapping, MDM, Information Integration, Semantic Integration)
› Commercial Examples
– Oracle ODI, webMethods OneData, AbInitio, Progress DataXtend
SI, IBM InfoSphere, SAS EDIS
› Open Source Examples
– Pentaho, Talend Open Studio, Apatar, Clover ETL, Virtuoso,
JitterBit, XAware, WSO2 Data Services


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Date Integration Middleware


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Bible Of Enterprise Integration
› Enterprise Integration
Patterns
– Patterns and best practices
for enterprise integration
– Consistent vocabulary and
visual notation
– Core language of EAI
– Gregor Hohpe & Bobby Woolf

http://www.eaipatterns.com


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Enterprise Integration Patterns


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Enterprise Integration Patterns

“..A composite message is splitted into parts and based on the
type of the sub-message, they are send to different inventories.
After that sub-messages are aggregated back to a new
message”


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Service design principles,
classification, delivery,
modeling and development
MORE ON SERVICES


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SERVICE DESIGN
PRINCIPLES


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What Makes A Good Service?
› Good services adhere to SOA Design Principles and they
are governed.
ABSTRACTION
LOOSELY COUPLED
REUSABILITY
AUTONOMY
DISCOVERABILITY

INTEROPERABILITY

SERVICE CONTRACT

STATELESSNESS

COMPOSIBILITY-GRANULARITY

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1- Service Contract
› Services should adhere to a conract where the service and
the terms of use is described

CONSUMER SERVICE


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2- Loosely Coupled
› Hide service implementation from the consumer, minimize
dependency
SERVICE INTERFACE

CONSUMER SERVICE CONSUMER SERVICE


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3- Autonomy
› Services should have control over the resources and
business logic they encapsulate

RESOURCES
& LOGIC
SERVICE
RESOURCES
& LOGIC SERVICE


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4- Service Abstraction
› Logic used by the service should be hidden from the
consumers

CONSUMER

SERVICE


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5- Reusability
› The real benefit of the Services lies in their level of
reusability.

CONSUMER

SERVICE
CONSUMER

CONSUMER


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6- Statelessness
› State management affects the availability of a service
hence makes the service unsuitable for reuse.
state

Request Response

time
Service


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7- Discoverability
› Consumers should find services easily

CONSUMER SERVICE


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8- Composibility
› Service design should allow composition of new services
(Composite Services) from existing services to handle
bigger problems.
SERVICE

BIG
CONSUMER SERVICE
SERVICE

SERVICE


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9- Interoperability
› Services should have standards-based access to support
diverse service consumers

CONSUMER
CONSUMER

CONSUMER SERVICE

CONSUMER
CONSUMER


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Reading > SOA Postulates
by Yogish Pai (http://entarch.blogspot.com/ )

› A service is an indivisible unit › There can be one or more
of work service consumers for a given
› A service is independent of the service
protocol or implementation › A line between the services is
› There will be one and only one the agreement between the
service producer producer and the consumer
› There can be multiple › A service can invoke other
instances of the same service services, thereby, creating a
› hierarchy of services
An entity that utilized the
service is called the service › A service not consumed by any
consumer producer is an orphan service


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SERVICE
CLASSIFICATION


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Service Classification
› Services can be classified in many ways
–Type of logic (Entity, Utility, Task)
–Granularity (Atomic, Composite)
–Provider (Business Domains, 3rd Parties)
–Consumer (Internal, External)
– ...
–Taxonomy (That’s another story)


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Atomic vs Composite

Business Processes and Applications

IT Systems and Applications


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Entity, Utility & Task


task

entity

utility



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ENTITY, UTILITY & TASK
› Task Service
– A business service associated
with a business task or process.
– E.g. ActivateSubscription
› Entity Service
– Services related to business
entities
– E.g. EmployeeService,
CustomerService
› UtilityService
– Non-business functional services › SOA Principles of Service
– E.g. Design
NotificationService,TaxCalculatio – Thomas Erl
nService


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Orchestration Choreography


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Reading > Orchestration vs Choreography
› BPEL (Business Process › WS-CDL (WS Choreography
Execution Language) Description Language)
› OASIS Standard › W3C Standard
› Orchestration or Choreography › A Critical Overview of the WS-
http://goo.gl/T3g5I CDL http://goo.gl/4UZXs
– When off the shelf products are – Where processes may scale to a
required (since this is the very high number of component
approach implemented by most steps
current products) – Where opacity of process details
– For composed services is desired among process
– Where transaction semantics can partners (such as B2B)
be handled by compensation – Where different process partners
alone may require their own process
– For relatively static process customizations
definitions – Where processes are highly
– Where a graphical process dynamic or goal-seeking
definition is desired


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SERVICE DELIVERY
APPROACHES


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Top-Down Service Delivery



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Bottom-Up Service Delivery



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Meet-In-The-Middle Service Delivery



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SERVICE MODELING


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WSDL Modeling w/ UML


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SOAML
› Developed by OMG http://www.omg.org/spec/SoaML/Current


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SOMF
› A modeling platform for Enterprise Architecture, Business
Architecture, Application Architecture, SOA and cloud
computing.
– http://www.modelingconcepts.com/
› Completely implemented in Sparx Enterprise Architect
› Proprietary UML stereotypes
› Looks complicated


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SOMF (Practices, Disciplines & Artifacts)


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SERVICE
DEVELOPMENT


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Service Development
› SOA does not impose a service development technology
– i.e. Web Services ≠ SOA Services
– Real life examples:
› Spring EJBs
› CORBA Components
› SCA Components
› XML/HTTP
› Apache Thrift (Facebook)
› Well-known Service Frameworks
– SCA(*), Apache Axis2, Apache CXF, MS WCF, Hessian, WSO2
WSF, NuSOAP, Zolera, FuseSource Services Framework (CXF)
› SOAP WebService vs RESTful Web Service
– We’ll come to this later.

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SCA > Service Component Architecture
› Initiated by Open SOA (OSOA), now owned by OASIS
› Components might be built with different technologies
› The SCA specifications define how to create components and how to combine those
components into complete applications.
› Introduction to SCA: http://goo.gl/46APa

› Implementations and Tools
› Apache Tuscany
› Fabric3
› FraSCAti
› ServiceConduit
› TIBCO ServiceGrid
› IBM WID


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SCA Example


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SERVICE STANDARDS


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Well-Known Service Standards
› XML XML, XSLT, XSL, Xquery, Xpath
› Message SOAP, JSON, XML
› Service Registry UDDI, ebXML
› WS-*
– WS-I Web service interoperability
– WS-Policy Defining web service policies
– WS-Security Using security token for integrity and confidentiality
– WS-ReliableMessaging Reliable delivery of messages
– WS-Discovery Discovery protocol to locate services
– Ws-Notification Event driven web services
– More http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_service_specifications


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Where to go from here?
SOA REFERENCE
ARCHITECTURES


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Reference Architecture
› Visualizes the target architecture
› Creates an abstraction with a technology-neutral approach
› Helps to define and execute a roadmap
› Defines a common vocabulary for the architecture
› Helps to measure the progess made in building the target
architecture

Initiate Set Build Execute
SOA Principles an RA Roadmap


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Architecture Continuum
› Open Group’s SOA Reference Architecture Continuum.
› From Conceptual to Solution Architecture


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Open Group - SOA RA Logical View


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Example: Components On RA


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CBDI Reference FW Architecture

* Framework architecture for developing architectures

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Example > RA w/ Open Source


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Example Service Architecture

* SOA Practitioners’ Guide Part 2: SOA Reference Architecture


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The SOA Backbone
ENTERPRISE SERVICE BUS


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Enterprise Service Bus
› ESB provides high level services, service orchestration, service abstraction,
basic transformation and intelligent routing.
› Mediates communication between the service consumers and the providers.
› Provides security,management, monitoring, sync/async communications,
service versioning, QoS, framework for Service Reuse


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Demo > WSO2 ESB
› WSO2 ESB is an open source ESB based on Apache
Synapse


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Where’s your SOA.. at?
SOA MATURITY
MODELS


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Open Group Maturity Model


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You think you need help?
SOA
METHOLODOGIES


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Reading > SOA Manifesto
› Business value over technical strategy
› Strategic goals over project-specific benefits
› Intrinsic interoperability over custom integration
› Shared services over specific-purpose implementations
› Flexibility over optimization
› Evolutionary refinement over pursuit of initial perfection

http://www.soa-manifesto.org/

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Reading > SOA Manifesto (Cont’d)
1. Respect the social and power structure of the 8. Identify services through collaboration with
organization. business and technology stakeholders.

2. Recognize that SOA ultimately demands 9. Maximize service usage by considering the
change on many levels. current and future scope of utilization.

3. The scope of SOA adoption can vary. Keep 10. Verify that services satisfy business
efforts manageable and within meaningful requirements and goals.
boundaries.
11. Evolve services and their organization in
4. Products and standards alone will neither give response to real use.
you SOA nor apply the service orientation
paradigm for you.
12. Separate the different aspects of a system
that change at different rates.
5. SOA can be realized through a variety of
technologies and standards.
13. Reduce implicit dependencies and publish all
external dependencies to increase robustness
6. Establish a uniform set of enterprise and reduce the impact of change.
standards and policies based on industry, de
facto, and community standards.
14. At every level of abstraction, organize each
service around a cohesive and manageable
7. Pursue uniformity on the outside while unit of functionality.
allowing diversity on the inside.
http://www.soa-manifesto.org/

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Delivering SOA w/ TOGAF
› SOA TOGAF Practical Guide:
http://www.opengroup.org/projects/soa-togaf/


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Service Architecture & Engineering
› Developed by Everware-CBDI (CBDI-SAETM)


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Service Architecture & Engineering


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Or why do SOA projects fail?
SOA GOVERNANCE


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Explaining SOA Failure To Your Boss
› “...I have failed to associate our SOA initiatives with our
business needs, therefore I cannot show any value for the
hundreds of services we have created.”

› “...I have failed to properly create and support an SOA
Center of Excellence, Steering Committee or Competency
Center.”

› “...I firmly believe that SOA is nothing more than fancy
CORBA or COM. ”

http://goo.gl/Bpj73

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Key For SOA Success
› “…In fact, Gartner forecasts that through 2010, the lack of
working SOA governance arrangements will be the most
common reason for SOA failures.”
– Gartner Press Release, 2009, “Gartner Says SOA Is Evolving
Beyond Its Traditional Roots” (http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?
id=927612)

› “…Left ungoverned, SOA could allow anyone anywhere to
deploy a new service any time they wish, and anyone
anywhere to invoke and orchestrate that service.”
– James Kobielus, Principal Analyst at Current Analysis


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Why SOA Fails? – when it fails..
› What, if anything, has or will inhibit SOA adoption at your
company? (InfoWorld)
Lack of SOA governance 50%

Difficulty building an SOA roadmap 40%

Performance and reliability 39%

Incomplete/immature standards 39%

Unresolved security issues 33%

Lack of service infrastructure technology 33%

No reference architecture 27%

Difficulty determining where/how to start 24%

Identifying the new application or service to build 21%

Funding/budget issue 3%

Other 8%

Don't know 3%

Nothing 5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%


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SOA in Action Reveals Questions
› Service Discovery
– What are my services?
– Do I already have a similar service?
– Who provides this service?
– What are my other SOA artifacts?
– ...

Name Description

Owner

Version
Discover DeployedPlatform

SOA Artifacts
Taxonomy

Date
Policies


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Taxonomies Are Important
› A well-defined classification scheme
› Can be a proprietary (Internal) or an industry standard
(External)
› Example:

Internal Taxonomies BusinessDomain,
OperatingSystem, Vendor,
DevelopementFramework
SOA ARTIFACT
External Taxonomies TM Forum TAM, eTOM,
NAICS Industry Classification, ISO 3166
Geographic Code System, UNSPSC


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› Impact Analysis
– Who uses my services?
– What if analysis?
– What will happen if do a maintenance shutdown on my systems?
– ...


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› Design Time Governance › Run Time Governance
– Do I really execute my service – Right people accessing to right
development methodology? services?
– Do I handle change management – Are my services up and running
accurately? – Do I provide the agreed QoS?

Service Lifecycle
Design Time
Policies Management

Policies

Policy Execution
Run Time
Policies Point


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Example > Design-time Policy

Get Approval

Certify

Register Service Validate Verify

Best practice: Design-time / Change-time should be applicable not
only to services but to all other SOA artifacts


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Typical SOA Governance Offering

PEP
Repository Registry •Execute Policies
•SOA Documents •Web Service Descriptions
•WSDL, XML, XSL •Other SOA Artifacts
•BPEL, XPDL •Design-time Policies
•Development Related Docs •Run-time Policies
Monitoring
•Monitor Services
•Monitor KPIs

SOA Governance is not a product. It is People,
Processes and Technology.

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THANK YOU.


A Comprehensive Introduction to Everything SOA

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