A Consensus Review on Hepatoprotective Potential of Herbal Drugs

Available Online at www.ijptb.com Sharma GK. et al. IJPTB. 2014; 1(1):34-47
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology 34
*Corresponding Author:
Gaurav Kumar Sharma
Asst. Professor
Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Geetanjali University,
Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
E.Mail: gauravsharma2050@gmail.com
Article Received on: 22-09-2014
Revised on: 29-09-2014
Published on: 30-09-2014
ISSN:2394-2371
Review Article
A Consensus Review on Hepatoprotective Potential of Herbal Drugs
Gaurav Kumar Sharma*1
, Ashok Dashora1
, Neeraj Kumar1
, Nipun Dashora1
, Abhishek Yogi2
, Lalit Singh
Chauhan3
1
Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy, Geetanjali University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
2
Theon Pharmaceuticals Limited, Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh, India
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
ABSTRACT
Liver injury is major health problems about more than 900 drugs implicated in case of liver injury.
Hepatotoxicity is caused by the alcoholic consumption, toxic substances and certain drugs which
produce injury to liver such as thioacetamide, paracetamol, anti-tubercular drugs, chemotherapeutic
agents and some of organic and inorganic compounds. Medicinal plants are the significant source of
hepatoprotective drugs. Mono and poly-herbal preparations have been used in various liver disorders
since ages. Clinical research has also shown that herbals have genuine utility in the treatment of liver
diseases. The current article deals with phyto-pharmacological investigation on some herbs used in
liver and gall bladder ailments.
Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Hepatoprotective, Hepatotoxic, Liver, Gall Bladder
INTRODUCTION
The liver is the largest glandular organ in the
body, and has more functions than any other
human organ. A person's entire blood supply
passes through the liver several times a day; the
liver is the key organ of metabolism, secretion
and excretion which is continuously and widely
exposed to xenobiotics, environmental
pollutants and chemo therapeutic agents
because of its strategic location in the body.
Liver disease is a worldwide problem. [1-2]
Liver has a pivotal role in human metabolism.
Liver produces and secretes bile. It also
produces prothrombin and fibrinogen, both
blood clotting factors, and heparin, a
mucopolysaccharide sulfuric acid ester that
helps keep blood from clotting within the
circulatory system. The liver converts sugar
into glycogen. Conventional drugs used in the
treatment of liver diseases are sometimes
inadequate and can have serious adverse
effects. It is, therefore, necessary to search for
alternative drugs for the treatment of liver
disease to replace currently used drugs of
doubtful efficacy and safety. The liver plays an
astonishing array of vital functions in the
maintenance, performance and regulating
homeostasis of the body. Liver is considered to
be one of the most vital organs that functions as
a centre of metabolism for nutrients such as

carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and excretion
of waste metabolites.
Liver diseases have become one of the major
causes of morbidity and mortality in man and
animals all over the globe and hepatotoxicity
due to drugs appears to be the most common
contributing factor.[3-4] Among the many
diseases that can affect the liver the most
common is 'viral hepatitis' (Inflammation of
liver caused by viral infection). Hepatitis can
be caused by drugs, viruses, bacteria,
mushrooms, parasites like amoebas or
giardiasis. About 20,000 deaths found every
year due to liver disorders. The use of natural
remedies for the treatment of liver diseases has
a long history and medicinal plants and their
derivatives are still used all over the world in
one form or the other for this purpose.
Scientific evaluation of plants has often shown
that active principles in these are responsible
for therapeutic success. A large number of
medicinal plants have been tested and found to
contain active principles with curative
properties against a variety of diseases.[5]
Liver protective plants contain a variety of
chemical constituents like phenols, coumarins,
lignans, essential oil, monoterpenes,
carotinoids, glycosides, flavanoids, organic
acids, lipids, alkaloids and xanthenes.[6]
Recent experience has shown that plant drugs
are relatively non-toxic, safe and even free
from serious side effects.[7-8]
Additionally, it is also handling the metabolism
the biochemical pathways to growth, fight
against disease, nutrient supply, energy
provision and reproduction [9] and excretion of
drugs and other xenobiotics from the body
thereby providing protection against foreign
substances by detoxifying and eliminating
them. The bile secreted by the liver has, among
other things, plays an important role in
digestion. Enhanced lipid per oxidation during
metabolism of ethanol may result in
development of hepatitis leading to cirrhosis.
Since time immemorial, mankind has made the
use of plants in the treatment of various
ailments. The Indian traditional medicine like
Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani is predominantly
based on the use of plant materials. Herbal
drugs have gained importance and popularity in
recent years because of their safety, efficacy
and cost effectiveness. The association of
medical plants with other plants in their habitat
also influences their medicinal values in some
cases. One of the important and well-
documented uses of plant -products is their use
as hepatoprotective agents. Hence, there is an
ever increasing need for safe hepatoprotective
agent.
Silymarin is a potent hepatoprotective drug
having established place in hepatology practice.
Silymarin is flavono-lignan mixture obtained
from seeds of Silybum marianum. Silymarin is
a mixture of silybin, isosilybin, silychristin and
silydianin. Research on Indian medicinal herbs
like Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutaki) and
Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) has
thrown light on hepatoptotective activity and it
is more promising than silymarin.
Treatment of Liver Disease
Each liver disease will have its own specific
treatment regimen. For example, hepatitis A
requires supportive care to maintain hydration
while the body's immune system fights and
resolves the infection. Patients with gallstones
may require surgery to remove the gallbladder.
Other diseases may need long-term medical
care to control and minimize the consequences
of their disease.
In patients with cirrhosis and end-stage liver
disease, medications may be required to control
the amount of protein absorbed in the diet. The
liver affected by cirrhosis may not be able to
metabolize the waste products, resulting in
elevated blood ammonia levels and hepatic
encephalopathy. Low sodium diet and water
pills (diuretics) may be required to minimize
water retention.

In those with large amounts of ascites fluid, the
excess fluid may have to be occasionally
removed with a needle and syringe
(paracentesis). Using local anesthetic, a needle
is inserted through the abdominal wall and the
fluid withdrawn. Operations may be required to
treat portal hypertension and minimize the risk
of bleeding. Liver is the final option for
patients whose liver has failed.
Treatment by herbal drugs
Medicinal herbs are significant source of
hepatoprotective drugs. Mono and poly-herbal
preparations have been used in various liver
disorders. According to one estimate, more
than 700 mono and poly-herbal preparations in
the form of decoction, tincture, tablets and
capsules from more than 100 plants are in
clinical use. A drug having beneficial effect on
the liver is known as hepatoprotective drug. On
the other hand, drugs having toxic affect on the
liver are better known as hepatotoxic drugs.
Clinical research has also shown that herbals
have genuine utility in the treatment of liver
diseases. The article deals with investigative
work done on herbals beneficial in liver and
gall bladder ailments.
Classification of Hepatoprotective Agents
These are generally classified into 3 categories
without any strict delineation amongst them.
Anti Hepatotoxic agents: These generally
antagonize the effects of any hepatotoxins
causing hepatitis or any liver disease.
 Hepatotropic agents: These generally
support or promote the healing process of
the liver. In practice these two activities
cannot be easily distinguished from each
other.
 Hepatoprotective agents: These generally
prevent various types of liver affections
prophilactically. In general any
hepatoprotective agent can act as an anti
hepatotoxic or hepatotropic agent but the
vice versa is always not true.
Hepatoprotective Herbs
Herbal-based therapeutics for liver disorders
has been in use in India for a long time and has
been popularized world over by leading
pharmaceuticals. Despite the significant
popularity of several herbal medicines in
general, and for liver diseases in particular,
they are still unacceptable treatment modalities
for liver diseases. The limiting factors that
contribute to this eventuality are:
(i) Lack of standardization of herbal drugs.
(ii) Lack of identification of active
ingredients(s)/principles(s).
(iii) Lack of randomized controlled clinical
trials (RCTs).
(iv) Lack of toxicological evaluation.
The use of natural remedies for the treatment of
liver diseases has a long history, starting with
the Ayurvedic treatment, and extending to the
Chinese, European and other systems of
traditional medicines. The 21st century has
seen a paradigm shift towards therapeutic
evaluation of herbal products in liver disease
models by carefully synergizing the strengths
of the traditional systems of medicine with that
of the modern concept of evidence-based
medicinal evaluation, standardization and
randomized placebo controlled clinical trials to
support clinical efficacy. [10]
A large number of plants and formulations have
been claimed to have hepatoprotective activity.
Nearly 160 phytoconstituents from 101 plants
have been claimed by Pharmacopeia
Foundation to possess liver protecting activity.
In India, more than 87 plants are used in 33
patented and proprietary multi-ingredient plant
formulations. In spite of the tremendous
advances made, no significant and safe
hepatoprotective agent is available in modern
therapeutics. Therefore, due importance has
been given globally to develop plant-based

hepatoprotective drugs, effective against a
variety of liver disorders. The present review is
aimed at compiling data based on reported
works on promising phytochemical from
medicinal plants that have been tested in
hepatotoxicity models.[11]
Abutilon Indicum
Hepatoprotective activity of Abutilon indicum
on experimental liver damage in rats was
studied by Porchezhian and Ansari.[12] They
used carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol
induced hepatotoxicity in rats. A. indicum
exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity
by reducing carbon tetrachloride and
paracetamol induced change in bio-chemical
parameters that was evident by enzymatic
examination. [13] The plant extract may
interfere with freeradical formation, which may
conclude in hepatoprotective action. Acute
toxicity studies revealed that the LD50 value is
more than the dose of 4 g/kg body wt. They
attributed the hepatoprotective activity to the
inhibitory effects of drug on cytochrome P450
or/and promotion of its glucuronidation. [14]
Β-Sitosterol is present in A. indicum and a
petroleum ether extract has larvicidal properties
against the mosquito larvae Culex
quinquefasciatus. A methanol extract of A.
indicum has some antimicrobial properties.
Figure 1: Abutilon Indicum
Figure 2: Beta-Sitosterol
Borreria Articularis
The hepatoprotective activity of methanolic
extract of Borreria articularis (L.F) F.N.
Willams: (Rubiaceae) at doses of 250 mg/kg
and 500 mg/kg were evaluated by carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication in rats. [15]
The toxic group which received 25% CCl4 in
olive oil (1 ml/kg) per oral (p.o), alone
exhibited significant increase in serum ALT,
AST, ALP, and TB levels. It also exhibited
significant (P<0.001) decrease in TP and ALB
levels. The groups received pretreatment of
Borreria articularis at a dose of 250 and 500
mg/kg b.w. p.o. had reduced the AST, ALT,
ALP and TB levels and the effects were
compared with standard drug
(Silymarin100mg/kg b.w. p.o).The total protein
(TP) and albumin (ALB) levels were
significantly increased in the animals received
pretreatment of the extract at the moderate and
higher dose levels and the histo-pathological
studies also supported the protective effect of
the extract. [16] Plants contain ß-sitosterol and
ursolic acid; and d-mannitol. Seeds contain
isorhamnetin.
Figure 3: Borreria Articularis

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paniculata exhibited liver protective effects by
enhancing activity of antioxidant enzymes like
superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione
peroxidase, glutathione reductase along with
the level of glutathione and decreasing the
activity of lipid peroxidase which leads to
generation of free radicals damaging the liver
cells. Thus by means of its synergistic effects
Andrographis paniculata exerts its well-known
hepatoprotective action. [20]
Andrographolide, an active ingredient in
Andrographis, has been shown to be
responsible for the herb's inflammatory
modulating actions, including the reduction of
cytokine and peritoneal deposition of
neutrophils, and modulation of lung
inflammation in vivo.
Andrographolide is the major constituent
extracted from the leaves of the plant which is a
bicyclic diterpenoid lactone. Such other
activities as liver protection under various
experimental conditions of treatment
with galactosamine, paracetamol etc. are also
attributed to andrographolide. The
hepatoprotective action of andrographolide is
related to the activity of
certain metabolic enzymes. Systematic studies
on chemistry of A. paniculata have been
carried out.
Figure 7: Andrographis Paniculata
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Cichorium Intybus
Cichorium intybus commonly known as
Chicory is an indigenous perennial herb well
reputed ancient Indian medicine as a liver
tonic. Accordingly it has been used as
ayurvedic medicine for gall and liver
disturbances. It forms an important component
of several important liver preparations in India.
In preclinical studies an alcoholic extract of the
Cichorium intybus was found to be effective
against chlorpromazine - induced hepatic
damage in adult albino rats.
Extracts of Cichorium intybus were screened
for their ability to protect the CCl4 and
paracetamol intoxicated liver in rats and were
found to possess significant anti-hepatotoxic
properties. Study done by using ethanol extract
of Cichorium intybus in dose of 300 mg/kg
showed significant increase in circulating
leukocytes and relative weights of liver, as
compared with alcohol alone which provides
the evidence for liver protective effects of the
herb. [21]
Figure 9: Cichorium Intybus

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Wedelia Calendulacea
Bhangra scientifically known as Wedelia
calendulacea, belonging to Compositae family
is a perennial herb, with light camphor-like
odor. The plant is traditionally used as a tonic,
for hepatic and spleen enlargement, and in skin
diseases. Historical use of Wedelia
calendulacea as liver tonic is scientifically
confirmed.
Preclinical Studies demonstrate its protective
action in paracetamol induced liver damage by
increasing serum enzyme levels (lactate
dehydrogenase, alanine and aspartate
transaminase and alkaline phophatase). The
alcoholic extract of whole plant Wedelia
calendulacea exhibited protective activity
against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver
injury in vivo. The extract also increased the
bile flow in rats suggesting a stimulation of
liver secretory capacity. The minimum lethal
dose was greater than 200 mg/kg p.o. in mice.
[22]
Figure 11: Wedelia Calendulacea
Boerhavia Diffusa
The roots of Boerhavia diffusa, commonly
known as 'Punarnava', are used by a large
number of tribes in India for the treatment of
various hepatic disorders and for internal
inflammation. Anodectal data has also reported
effectiveness of Boerhavia diffusa in cases of
oedema and ascites resulting from early
cirrhosis of the liver and chronic peritonitis. In
scientific studies the chloroform and
methanolic extracts of the roots and aerial parts
of Boerhavia diffusa exhibited hepatoprotective
activity against carbon tetrachloride [22]. A
proprietary hepato-tonic herbal formulation
containing Boerhavia diffusa as one of the
major ingredient offered significant protection
against decrease in haemoglobin percentage
R.B.C. and W.B.C counts and the various liver
microsomal enzymes. [23] Boeravinones
G and H are two rotenoids isolated from B.
diffusa.
Figure 12: Boerhavia Diffusa
Salacia Reticulata
Salacia reticulata is a member of
Hippocrateaceae family climbing shrub with
blackish branches. The roots are traditionally
used in treatment of gonorrhea, itches,
swelling, diabetes and liver tonic. The
Hepatoprotective effects extracts from the roots
and stems of Salacia reticulata were examined
using an oxidative stress-induced liver injury
model23
. Both extracts significantly suppressed
the increase in glutamic oxaloacetic
transaminase and glutamic pyruvic
transaminase activities in carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4)-treated mice. These extracts also
inhibited CCl4-induced thiobarbituric acid-

reactive substance formation, which indicates
increased lipid peroxidation in the liver. These
results suggest that the antioxidative activity is
involved in the hepatoprotective activity of S.
reticulate. [24]
Figure 13: Salacia Reticulata
Phyllanthus Amarus
Numerous medicinal plants and their
formulations are used for liver disorder in
Ethno medical practice and in traditional
system in India. Indigenous plant Phyllanthus
amarus was selected for clinical investigation
of hepatoprotective activity. The ability of
whole dried drug powder of Phyllanthus
amarus (a traditionally used in the treatment of
Jaundice) was tested for hepatoprotective
activity on 107 patients who suffering from
liver disease. [19] The powder of the herb was
given thrice a day (morning, noon and night, 3
gm each time) orally with water for 30-45 days
depending on the severity of the disease. The
patients were evaluated for the changes in
biochemical markers like SGPT, Billirubin and
Haemoglobin on day zero, seven, fourteen,
twenty one, twenty eight and forty two. There
was significant decrease in SGPT, Billirubin
and increase in hemoglobin. [20]
Phytochemical studies have shown the presence
of many valuable compounds such as lignans,
flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins
(ellagitannins), polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols
and alkaloids. The extracts and the compounds
isolated from P. amarus show a wide spectrum
of pharmacological activities including
antiviral, antibacterial, antiplasmodial, anti-
inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial,
anticancer, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic,
antioxidant, hepatoprotective nephroprotective
and diurectic properties.
Figure 14: Phyllanthus Amarus
Stachytarpheta Indica
The objective of the present study appraised the
hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts
of Stachytarpheta indica (whole plant) on
winstar rats. Liver damage was induced by
intraperitonial administration of carbon
tetrachloride (1ml/kg,b.w,p.o) for 7 days. The
extent of damage was studied by assessing
biochemical parameters. The ethanolic extracts
of Stachytarpheta indica (300mg &
600mg/kg,b.w,p.o) were administered
respectively to the animals treated with carbon
tetrachloride and its effects on biochemical
parameters were compared with standard drug
solitarian (100mg/kg,b.w p.o). Stachytarpheta
indica showed significant reduction of serum
enzymes-AST, ALT, ALP, TP & Bilirubin
(Aspartate Transminase, Alanine Transminase,
Alkaline Phosphatase, Total Protein & Total
Billirubin) when compared to control rats. [21]
The hepatoprotective effect of Stachytarpheta
indica was comparable with the standard drug
Silymarin. It was confirmed by
histopathological study. The effect of extract
600mg/kg was almost equal to that of standard
drug. [22]

Figure 15: Stachytarpheta Indica
Eclipta Alba
Eclipta alba Hassk. (Bhringaraja, Family:
Compositae) is a perrenial shrub which grows
widely in moist tropical countries.Different
uses have been reported for this shrub. It is
used as alterative, anthelmintic, expectorant,
antipyretic, antiasthmatic, tonic, in hepatic and
spleen enlargement, in skin diseases and as a
substitute for Taraxacum (a popular liver
tonic). [23] Recently Chandra, have observed a
significant anti-inflammatory activity of the
powder in rats. It has been reported to be useful
in liver ailments & has been shown to possess
hepatoprotective activity against carbon-
tetrachloride induced liver cell damage in
animals. The effect of Eclipta alba (EA) extract
was studied on paracetamol induced hepatic
damage in Mice. Treatment with ethanol
extract of E. alba was found to protect the the
mice from hepato-toxic action of paracetamol
as evidenced by significant reduction. in the
elevated serum transaminase levels. [24]
Eclipta contains coumestans suchas wedelolact
one and demethylwedelolactone, polypeptides
polyacetylenes, thiophene derivatives,
steroids, triterpenes. [25]
Figure 16: Eclipta Alba
Foeniculum Vulgare
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill., family
Umbelliferae) is an annual, biennial or
perennial aromatic herb, depending on the
variety, which has been known since antiquity
in Europe and Asia Minor. The leaves, stalks
and seeds (fruits) of the plant are edible.
Foeniculum vulgare is an aromatic herb whose
fruits are oblong, ellipsoid or cylindrical,
straight or slightly curved and greenish or
yellowish brown in colour. [25] Volatile
components of fennel seed extracts by
chromatographic analysis include
transanethole, fenchone, methylchavicol,
limonene, α- pinene, camphene, β-pinene, β-
myrcene, α- phellandrene, 3-carene, camphor,
and cisanethole. [26] Hepatoprotective activity
of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oil
was studied using a carbon tetrachloride-
induced liver fibrosis model in rats. [27] The
hepatotoxicity produced by chronic carbon
tetrachloride administration was found to be
inhibited by Foeniculum vulgare essential oil
with evidence of decreased levels of serum
aspartate aminotransferase, alanine
aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and
Billirubin. [28]
Figure 17: Foeniculum Vulgare

O
O
Figure 18: Anethole and Fenchone
Tinispora Cordifolia
Tinospora Cordifolia commonly known as
Guduchi is one of the most valuable medicinal
plant of ayurveda. According to Ayurvedic
lexicons Tinospora cordifolia is referred to as
“Amrita”. The term “Amrita”is attributed to
this drug in recognition to its ability to impart
youthfulness, vitality and longevity to its
patron. In modern medicine it is well known for
its Hepatoprotective, Adaptogenic and
Immunomodulatory activities. [29] Clinical
studies in twenty patients of infective hepatitis
showed that Guduchi plays an important role in
relieving the symptoms as well as
normalization of altered liver functions. The
majority of cases i.e. 15 cases (75 %) were
cured and 5 cases (25%) improved after
treatment with Tinospora cordifolia.
Currently along with antibiotics and supportive
intensive care management, immunotherapy
with Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) is practiced in
surgical units. This therapy has shown to boost
host defenses and decrease the incidence of
epticaemia, resulting in increased survival of
patients. In experimental rats Tinospora
cordifolia (100mg/kg/d for 5 weeks) was found
to decrease the renal damage, improve the
fibrinogen level, and reduce lead acetate
induced endotoxaemia. Tinospora cordifolia
was also found to decrease renal ischemia
induced mortality to 36 percent. The prognosis
following Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) appears to
be due to protection against all the risk factors.
Kupffer cells are major determinants of
outcome of liver injury. Their activity was
therefore studied in a model of chronic liver
disease. The effect of Tinospora cordifolia,
with proven hepatoprotective activity, was
evaluated on Kupffer cell function, using
carbon clearance test as a parameter. Anti-
hepatotoxic activity of Tinospora cordifolia
was studied in albino rats intoxicated with
CCl4. Liver function was assessed based on
morphological, biochemical (SGPT, SGOT,
Serum alkaline phosphatase, Serum bilirubin)
and functional (Pentobarbitone sleep time)
tests. Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia as a sole
constituent in goat’s liver were studied. Results
revealed clinical and hematobiochemical
improvement at the later stages in Tinospora
cordifolia treated goats, indicating that it has
got hepatoprotective action. [30]
The active adaptogenic constituents are
diterpene compounds, polyphenols, and
polysaccharides including
arabinogalactanpolysaccharide.
Figure 19: Tinispora Cordifolia
Picrorrhiza Kurroa
Picrorrhiza Kurroa contains picrorrhizin,
kutkin, picroside, and apocynin. The plant is
used for anti-pyretic1, hepatoprotective,
cathartic, tonic, laxative, anti-allergic, anti-
anaphylactic, anti-epileptic, anti-paralytic,
anthelminitic, appetizer, anti-ulcer, skin
diseases, antidote for dog bite and as a anti-
histaminic. [31-32]
Himoliv® (HV) is a polyherbal ayurvedic
product (M/s. Emami Limited, Kolkata, India).
HV contains aqueous extracts of 25 indigenous
medicinal plants .Some of these plants, viz.,
Picorrhiza kurroa, Boerrhavia diffusa,
Tinospora cordifolia, Andrographis paniculata
and Phyllanthus emblica have been individually

reported to possess hepatoprotective effect and
antioxidant properties. HV is also claimed to be
useful in hepatitis, jaundice and biliary
dysfunction. However, the pharmacological
effects need experimental evidence for their
actions. [30-32]
Figure 20: Picrorrhiza Kurroa
Tephrosia Purpurea Linn
Tephrosia Purpurea contains lupeol, rutin,
semiglabrin, semiglabrinol, tepurindiol,
tephroglabrin and karanjin. The plant is used
for its hepatoprotective, hematinic,
anthelminitic, alexeteric, diuretic,
immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti
diarrhoeal and antipyretic. [33]
Many herbal remedies have been employed in
various medical systems for the treatment and
management of different diseases. The plant
Tephrosia purpurea has been used in different
system of traditional medication for the
treatment of diseases and ailments of human
beings. It is reported to contain various
flavonoides, alkaloids, steroids, phenolic
compounds. It has been reported as
antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory, antiulcer, hepatoprotective,
immunomodulatory, antilithiatic, free radical
scavenging, antileishmanial, antibiotic,
antimicrobial, anyihyperglycemic,
antilipidperoxidative and wound healing
activities. There are also reports available for
the traditional use of this plant for its
antipyretic, anticancer, diuretic properties.
Many isolated constituents from Tephrosia
purpurea lack the reports of pharmacological
activities, which support its further
pharmacological studies. [33]
Figure 21: Tephrosia Purpurea Linn
O
O O
O
O
O
H
OH
Figure 22: Tephrosin
Justicia Adhatoda
Justicia Adhatoda it is belonging to family
acanthaceae. Justicia paniculata, decoction or
infusion of the leaves has been used in sluggish
liver.The leaves of Justicia adhatoda showed
significant hepatoprotective effect at a dose of
50-100mg/kg on the liver damage induced by
d-galactosamine in rats. Several alkaloids are
present in the leaves. The most important
is vasicine, a quinazoline alkaloid. The vasicine
yield of the herbage has been measured as
0.541 to 1.1% by dry weight. The leaves
showed significant hepatoprotective effect at a
dose of 50-100 mg/kg on the liver damage
induced by D-galactoseamine in rats. [34]
Figure 23: Justicia Adhatoda

Available On
In
H
MOMORD
Cucurbitac
Karela/cor
the plant
extensive
extract of
properties
Charantin
compound
Momordic
two com
(C35H60O6
(C35H58O6
saponins. [
Alcoholic
charantia
rats were d
a dose of 6
monohydr
diabetic co
and IV gro
mg doses
different
increase in
extract of
the blood
feeding sh
islets of
observed i
of the stu
lowered b
fruit extr
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showed de
nline at www.i
nternational
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Figure 2
DICA CHA
ceae) whos
rilla, or bitte
are mainly
investigatio
the fruits h
both in
is one
ds, which
ca charantia
mpounds (1:
) and
), both o
[35]
extract of w
was prepare
divided into
6 mg/100 gm
ate. Animal
ontrol group
oups receive
s of the e
durations.
n body weig
M. charant
d sugar lev
howed defin
Langerhans
in the liver.
udy have b
by the treat
ract remain
uation of dr
er fell below
ose, in pan
efinite impro
ijptb.com
l Journal of
N
24: Vasicine
ARANTIA (L
se fruit is
ergourd. Un
y used for
on has sho
has marked h
animals
of the h
can be is
fruit. It is
:1) sitoster
stigmasteryl
f which a
whole fruit o
ed. Adult h
four groups
m. body weig
ls of group
p. The anim
ed 25 mg, 5
extract resp
75 mg d
ght. All dose
tia were abl
vel significa
nite improv
s. No toxic
. The signif
een blood
tment with
ned static
rug for 15
w normal valu
ncreatic islet
ovement.
f Pharmaceu
Linn Famil
s known a
nripe fruits o
diabetes an
own that a
hypoglycem
and huma
hypoglycem
solated fro
a mixture o
ryl glucosid
l glucosid
are steroid
of Momordic
healthy albin
s and receive
ght of alloxa
p I served a
mals of II, II
50 mg and 7
pectively fo
dose showe
s of alcohol
e to decreas
antly. Extra
ement in th
c effect wa
ficant feature
glucose onc
M. charant
even aft
days. Bloo
ues even wi
ts, beta cel

utical Techn
y:
as
of
nd
an
mic
an.
mic
m
of
de
de
dal
ca
no
ed
an
as
II,
75
for
ed
lic
se
act
he
as
es
ce
tia
er
od
th
lls
No
jat
per
mo
Va
use
ant
ant
Pre
the
dem
act
hep
lev
ph
ani
inc
LD
CO
Co
res
hig
pre
col
ava
Sha
nology and
Figure
ordostachus
tamansi DC
rennial, dw
ost primitiv
alerianaceae.
ed and are e
ticonvulsant
tifungals, an
etreatment o
e 50% ethan
monstrated
tivity aga
patotoxicity
vels of ser
hosphatase w
imals with t
crease in su
D90 dose of t
Figure 2
ONCLUSIO
onsidering
sources of I
gh incidenc
esent revie
llection of d
ailable in In
arma GK. et al
Biotechnolo
25: Momord
Jataman
C. or ‘jata
warf, rhizom
ve species
. All parts
effective ant
ts, antispasm
ntiemetic and
of rats with 8
nolic extract
significan
ainst thioa
. Marked
rum transam
was observed
the extract f
urvival in r
the hepatoto
26: Nordosta
ON
the enor
ndian tradit
ce of liver
ew extens
data for diffe
ndia. People
l. IJPTB. 2014;
ogy
dica Charan
nsi: Nar
mansi’ is
matous, herb
s within th
of N. jatam
tipyretics, an
modics, anti
d analgesics.
800 mg/kg b
t of N. jatam
nt hepatop
acetamide
reduction i
minase and
d. Pretreatme
further resul
rats intoxica
oxic drug.
achus Jatama
rmous bio
ional system
r complicat
sively focu
rent plants, w
e from India
; 1(1):34-47
45
tia
dostachys
a small,
b and the
he family
mansi are
ntiseptics,
ibacterial,
. [36]
body wt of
mansi DC
protective
induced
in raised
alkaline
ent of the
lted in an
ated with
ansi
odiversity
m and the
tions, the
uses on
which are
a are still

dependent on conventional therapies to treat
liver complications because of their easy
availability and low cost. Since large mass of
populations used preferable herbal preparation,
therefore there is need to be evaluate for their
proportion, their dose and rational behind
combination in different polyhedral
preparation.
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
The author wishes to confirm that there is no
known conflict of interests associated with this
paper. The author confirms that he/she has
given due consideration to the protection of
intellectual property associated with this work
and that there is no impediment to publication,
including the trademarks mentioned in my
paper.
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