A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence

1. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Apostolos Syropoulos 2nd Gymnasoum of Xanthi Xanthi, Greece [email protected] October 2, 2023 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 1 / 12

2. Presentation Overview 1 What is Artificial Intelligence? 2 Evolution of Artificial Intelligence 3 Artificial Intelligence Today Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 2 / 12

3. In General Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

4. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

5. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

6. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience.Alternativelly, artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

7. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience.Alternativelly, artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. Artificial intelligence has been used in computer programs for years, but it is now applied to many other products and services. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

8. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience.Alternativelly, artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. Artificial intelligence has been used in computer programs for years, but it is now applied to many other products and services. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

9. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience.Alternativelly, artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. Artificial intelligence has been used in computer programs for years, but it is now applied to many other products and services. For example, some digital cameras can determine what objects are present in an image using artificial intelligence software. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

10. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience.Alternativelly, artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. Artificial intelligence has been used in computer programs for years, but it is now applied to many other products and services. For example, some digital cameras can determine what objects are present in an image using artificial intelligence software. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

11. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience.Alternativelly, artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. Artificial intelligence has been used in computer programs for years, but it is now applied to many other products and services. For example, some digital cameras can determine what objects are present in an image using artificial intelligence software. Also, an AI system could predict their risk of a heart attack over the subsequent 12 months Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

12. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience.Alternativelly, artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. Artificial intelligence has been used in computer programs for years, but it is now applied to many other products and services. For example, some digital cameras can determine what objects are present in an image using artificial intelligence software. Also, an AI system could predict their risk of a heart attack over the subsequent 12 months Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

13. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience.Alternativelly, artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. Artificial intelligence has been used in computer programs for years, but it is now applied to many other products and services. For example, some digital cameras can determine what objects are present in an image using artificial intelligence software. Also, an AI system could predict their risk of a heart attack over the subsequent 12 months In addition, researchers have developed AI tools that have the potential to make cancer imaging faster, more accurate, and even more informative. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

14. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience.Alternativelly, artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. Artificial intelligence has been used in computer programs for years, but it is now applied to many other products and services. For example, some digital cameras can determine what objects are present in an image using artificial intelligence software. Also, an AI system could predict their risk of a heart attack over the subsequent 12 months In addition, researchers have developed AI tools that have the potential to make cancer imaging faster, more accurate, and even more informative. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

15. In General Artificial intelligence (AI for short) is the ability of machines to replicate or enhance human intellect, such as reasoning and learning from experience.Alternativelly, artificial intelligence refers to computer programs, or algorithms, that use data to make decisions or predictions. Artificial intelligence has been used in computer programs for years, but it is now applied to many other products and services. For example, some digital cameras can determine what objects are present in an image using artificial intelligence software. Also, an AI system could predict their risk of a heart attack over the subsequent 12 months In addition, researchers have developed AI tools that have the potential to make cancer imaging faster, more accurate, and even more informative. Furthermore, AI can help a spacecraft navigate, avoid obstacles, adapt to changing environments, or respond to emergencies. NASA’s Mars 2020 rover Perseverance uses such a system. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 3 / 12

16. Pre‐History of Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 4 / 12

17. Pre‐History of Artificial Intelligence In Greek Mythology, Talos (Greek: Τάλως, Tálōs) was a giant automaton made of bronze to protect Europa in Crete from pirates and invaders. He circled the island’s shores three times daily. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 4 / 12

20. Pre‐History of Artificial Intelligence In Greek Mythology, Talos (Greek: Τάλως, Tálōs) was a giant automaton made of bronze to protect Europa in Crete from pirates and invaders. He circled the island’s shores three times daily. The word “automaton” (plural: automata) is a word that appears in the Iliad and the Odyssey and describes machines moving on their own by means of internal energy, like living beings. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 4 / 12

21. History of Artificial Intelligence Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 5 / 12

22. History of Artificial Intelligence Forerunners: The “heartless” Tin man from the Wizard of Oz and the humanoid robot that impersonated Maria in Metropolis. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 5 / 12

25. History of Artificial Intelligence continued Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

26. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

27. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

28. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

29. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

30. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

31. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

32. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. A judge talks with both parties and tries to see which is the human and which is the computer program. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

33. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. A judge talks with both parties and tries to see which is the human and which is the computer program. If the judge can’t tell the difference, the computer program is intelligent. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

34. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. A judge talks with both parties and tries to see which is the human and which is the computer program. If the judge can’t tell the difference, the computer program is intelligent. Herbert Alexander Simon, Allen Newell, and John Clifford Shaw created the Logic Theorist in 1956. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

35. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. A judge talks with both parties and tries to see which is the human and which is the computer program. If the judge can’t tell the difference, the computer program is intelligent. Herbert Alexander Simon, Allen Newell, and John Clifford Shaw created the Logic Theorist in 1956. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

36. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. A judge talks with both parties and tries to see which is the human and which is the computer program. If the judge can’t tell the difference, the computer program is intelligent. Herbert Alexander Simon, Allen Newell, and John Clifford Shaw created the Logic Theorist in 1956. This program was able to prove theorems. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

37. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. A judge talks with both parties and tries to see which is the human and which is the computer program. If the judge can’t tell the difference, the computer program is intelligent. Herbert Alexander Simon, Allen Newell, and John Clifford Shaw created the Logic Theorist in 1956. This program was able to prove theorems. Eliza the first chatbot was a program written by Joseph Weizenbaum. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

38. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. A judge talks with both parties and tries to see which is the human and which is the computer program. If the judge can’t tell the difference, the computer program is intelligent. Herbert Alexander Simon, Allen Newell, and John Clifford Shaw created the Logic Theorist in 1956. This program was able to prove theorems. Eliza the first chatbot was a program written by Joseph Weizenbaum. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

39. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. A judge talks with both parties and tries to see which is the human and which is the computer program. If the judge can’t tell the difference, the computer program is intelligent. Herbert Alexander Simon, Allen Newell, and John Clifford Shaw created the Logic Theorist in 1956. This program was able to prove theorems. Eliza the first chatbot was a program written by Joseph Weizenbaum.Eliza was supposed to simulate a psychotherapist. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

40. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. A judge talks with both parties and tries to see which is the human and which is the computer program. If the judge can’t tell the difference, the computer program is intelligent. Herbert Alexander Simon, Allen Newell, and John Clifford Shaw created the Logic Theorist in 1956. This program was able to prove theorems. Eliza the first chatbot was a program written by Joseph Weizenbaum.Eliza was supposed to simulate a psychotherapist. Try it! Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

41. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In 1950, Alan Turing tried to answer the question Can machines think? by a game which he called imitation game (known as the Turing Test now). The test in a nutshell: If a machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence. The test involves a person and a computer program or machine that are hidden from view. A judge talks with both parties and tries to see which is the human and which is the computer program. If the judge can’t tell the difference, the computer program is intelligent. Herbert Alexander Simon, Allen Newell, and John Clifford Shaw created the Logic Theorist in 1956. This program was able to prove theorems. Eliza the first chatbot was a program written by Joseph Weizenbaum.Eliza was supposed to simulate a psychotherapist. Try it! https://web.njit.edu/~ronkowit/eliza.html Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 6 / 12

43. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

44. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

45. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

46. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

47. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. The Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP). Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

48. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. The Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP). Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

49. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. The Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP).From 1982‐1990, Japan invested 400 million dollars with the goals of revolutionizing computer processing, implementing logic programming, and improving artificial intelligence. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

50. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. The Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP).From 1982‐1990, Japan invested 400 million dollars with the goals of revolutionizing computer processing, implementing logic programming, and improving artificial intelligence. The FGCP failed miserably and so AI ceased to be popular… Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

51. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. The Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP).From 1982‐1990, Japan invested 400 million dollars with the goals of revolutionizing computer processing, implementing logic programming, and improving artificial intelligence. The FGCP failed miserably and so AI ceased to be popular… Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

52. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. The Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP).From 1982‐1990, Japan invested 400 million dollars with the goals of revolutionizing computer processing, implementing logic programming, and improving artificial intelligence. The FGCP failed miserably and so AI ceased to be popular… However, in 1997 grand master Gary Kasparov was defeated by IBM’s Deep Blue, a chess playing computer program. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

53. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. The Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP).From 1982‐1990, Japan invested 400 million dollars with the goals of revolutionizing computer processing, implementing logic programming, and improving artificial intelligence. The FGCP failed miserably and so AI ceased to be popular… However, in 1997 grand master Gary Kasparov was defeated by IBM’s Deep Blue, a chess playing computer program. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

54. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. The Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP).From 1982‐1990, Japan invested 400 million dollars with the goals of revolutionizing computer processing, implementing logic programming, and improving artificial intelligence. The FGCP failed miserably and so AI ceased to be popular… However, in 1997 grand master Gary Kasparov was defeated by IBM’s Deep Blue, a chess playing computer program. Kismet is a robot head which was made by Cynthia Breazeal. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

55. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. The Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP).From 1982‐1990, Japan invested 400 million dollars with the goals of revolutionizing computer processing, implementing logic programming, and improving artificial intelligence. The FGCP failed miserably and so AI ceased to be popular… However, in 1997 grand master Gary Kasparov was defeated by IBM’s Deep Blue, a chess playing computer program. Kismet is a robot head which was made by Cynthia Breazeal. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

56. History of Artificial Intelligence continued In the 1980’s, John Hopfield and David Rumelhart popularized deep learning techniques which allowed computers to learn using experience. About the same time, Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems which mimicked the decision making process of a human expert. The Fifth Generation Computer Project (FGCP).From 1982‐1990, Japan invested 400 million dollars with the goals of revolutionizing computer processing, implementing logic programming, and improving artificial intelligence. The FGCP failed miserably and so AI ceased to be popular… However, in 1997 grand master Gary Kasparov was defeated by IBM’s Deep Blue, a chess playing computer program. Kismet is a robot head which was made by Cynthia Breazeal.The machine that could recognize and simulate emotions. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 7 / 12

58. History of Artificial Intelligence continued Kismet the robot. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 8 / 12

59. History of Artificial Intelligence continued Kismet the robot. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 8 / 12

60. History of Artificial Intelligence continued Kismet the robot. In 1997, Google’s Alpha Go defeated Chinese Go champion Ke Jie. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 8 / 12

61. History of Artificial Intelligence continued Kismet the robot. In 1997, Google’s Alpha Go defeated Chinese Go champion Ke Jie. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 8 / 12

62. History of Artificial Intelligence continued Kismet the robot. In 1997, Google’s Alpha Go defeated Chinese Go champion Ke Jie. Ever since, terms like big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence have become buzzwords. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 8 / 12

63. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

64. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

65. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

66. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles are all forms of weak AI. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

67. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles are all forms of weak AI. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

68. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles are all forms of weak AI. Strong AI is made up of Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

69. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles are all forms of weak AI. Strong AI is made up of Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

70. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles are all forms of weak AI. Strong AI is made up of Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence. Artificial general intelligence, or general AI, is a theoretical form of AI where a machine would have an intelligence equaled to humans; Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

71. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles are all forms of weak AI. Strong AI is made up of Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence. Artificial general intelligence, or general AI, is a theoretical form of AI where a machine would have an intelligence equaled to humans; Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

72. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles are all forms of weak AI. Strong AI is made up of Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence. Artificial general intelligence, or general AI, is a theoretical form of AI where a machine would have an intelligence equaled to humans;it would have a self‐aware consciousness that has the ability to solve problems, learn, and plan for the future. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

73. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles are all forms of weak AI. Strong AI is made up of Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence. Artificial general intelligence, or general AI, is a theoretical form of AI where a machine would have an intelligence equaled to humans;it would have a self‐aware consciousness that has the ability to solve problems, learn, and plan for the future. Artificial Super Intelligence, also known as superintelligence, would surpass the intelligence and ability of the human brain. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

74. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles are all forms of weak AI. Strong AI is made up of Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence. Artificial general intelligence, or general AI, is a theoretical form of AI where a machine would have an intelligence equaled to humans;it would have a self‐aware consciousness that has the ability to solve problems, learn, and plan for the future. Artificial Super Intelligence, also known as superintelligence, would surpass the intelligence and ability of the human brain. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

75. Weak AI vs. Strong AI Weak AI is AI trained and focused to perform specific tasks. Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles are all forms of weak AI. Strong AI is made up of Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence. Artificial general intelligence, or general AI, is a theoretical form of AI where a machine would have an intelligence equaled to humans;it would have a self‐aware consciousness that has the ability to solve problems, learn, and plan for the future. Artificial Super Intelligence, also known as superintelligence, would surpass the intelligence and ability of the human brain. HAL, the superhuman, rogue computer assistant in 2001: A Space Odyssey is an example of superintelligence. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 9 / 12

76. Deep learning vs. Nachine Learning Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 10 / 12

77. Deep learning vs. Nachine Learning Deep learning and machine learning are subfields of artificial intelligence. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 10 / 12

78. Deep learning vs. Nachine Learning Deep learning and machine learning are subfields of artificial intelligence. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 10 / 12

79. Deep learning vs. Nachine Learning Deep learning and machine learning are subfields of artificial intelligence. Deep learning is actually a sub‐field of machine learning. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 10 / 12

80. Deep learning vs. Nachine Learning Deep learning and machine learning are subfields of artificial intelligence. Deep learning is actually a sub‐field of machine learning. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 10 / 12

81. Deep learning vs. Nachine Learning Deep learning and machine learning are subfields of artificial intelligence. Deep learning is actually a sub‐field of machine learning. Deep learning is comprised of neural networks. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 10 / 12

82. Deep learning vs. Nachine Learning Deep learning and machine learning are subfields of artificial intelligence. Deep learning is actually a sub‐field of machine learning. Deep learning is comprised of neural networks. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 10 / 12

83. Deep learning vs. Nachine Learning Deep learning and machine learning are subfields of artificial intelligence. Deep learning is actually a sub‐field of machine learning. Deep learning is comprised of neural networks. The way in which deep learning and machine learning differ is in how each algorithm learns. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 10 / 12

84. Deep learning vs. Nachine Learning Deep learning and machine learning are subfields of artificial intelligence. Deep learning is actually a sub‐field of machine learning. Deep learning is comprised of neural networks. The way in which deep learning and machine learning differ is in how each algorithm learns. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 10 / 12

85. Deep learning vs. Nachine Learning Deep learning and machine learning are subfields of artificial intelligence. Deep learning is actually a sub‐field of machine learning. Deep learning is comprised of neural networks. The way in which deep learning and machine learning differ is in how each algorithm learns. Unlike machine learning, deep learning does not require human intervention to process data, allowing us to scale machine learning in more interesting ways. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 10 / 12

86. Generative AI Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 11 / 12

87. Generative AI Generative AI is about deep‐learning models that can take raw data — say, all of Wikipedia or the collected works of Rembrandt — and learn to generate statistically probable outputs when prompted. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 11 / 12

88. Generative AI Generative AI is about deep‐learning models that can take raw data — say, all of Wikipedia or the collected works of Rembrandt — and learn to generate statistically probable outputs when prompted. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 11 / 12

89. Generative AI Generative AI is about deep‐learning models that can take raw data — say, all of Wikipedia or the collected works of Rembrandt — and learn to generate statistically probable outputs when prompted. Generative models have been used for years in statistics to analyze numerical data. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 11 / 12

90. Generative AI Generative AI is about deep‐learning models that can take raw data — say, all of Wikipedia or the collected works of Rembrandt — and learn to generate statistically probable outputs when prompted. Generative models have been used for years in statistics to analyze numerical data. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 11 / 12

91. Generative AI Generative AI is about deep‐learning models that can take raw data — say, all of Wikipedia or the collected works of Rembrandt — and learn to generate statistically probable outputs when prompted. Generative models have been used for years in statistics to analyze numerical data. GPT‐4, BERT, or DALL‐E 2 belong to generative AI and they have shown what is possible. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 11 / 12

92. Generative AI Generative AI is about deep‐learning models that can take raw data — say, all of Wikipedia or the collected works of Rembrandt — and learn to generate statistically probable outputs when prompted. Generative models have been used for years in statistics to analyze numerical data. GPT‐4, BERT, or DALL‐E 2 belong to generative AI and they have shown what is possible. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 11 / 12

93. Generative AI Generative AI is about deep‐learning models that can take raw data — say, all of Wikipedia or the collected works of Rembrandt — and learn to generate statistically probable outputs when prompted. Generative models have been used for years in statistics to analyze numerical data. GPT‐4, BERT, or DALL‐E 2 belong to generative AI and they have shown what is possible. The way in which deep learning and machine learning differ is in how each algorithm learns. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 11 / 12

94. Applications Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 12 / 12

95. Applications Speech recognition. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence October 2, 2023 12 / 12

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