A HUMAN SKELETON - Kerangka Manusia (Kelas 5 SD)
- 1. A HUMAN SKELETON Tema 1, Subtema 2 Grade 5
- 2. A HUMAN SKELETON The function of skeletons in humans is to erect and to give structure, muscle structure, and body armor. The frame that forms our body is grouped into three parts, namely; - The head frame (rangka kepala), - The body frame (rangka badan), and - The movement (rangka anggota gerak).
- 4. Vocabulary of A Human Skeleton • Tulang tengkorak: skull • Tulang selangka: clavical bone • Tulang lengan atas: humerus • Tulang rusuk:rib bone • Tulang pengumpil: radius • Tulang hasta:ulna/cubit bone • Tulang paha: femur/thigh bone • Tulang betis: fibula • Tulang kering: tibia • Tulang dada: sternum • Tulang lutut: patella/knee bone • Tulang ruas jari: knuckles • Tulang belikat: shoulder blades • Tulang punggung: vertebra/backbone • Tulang pinggul: hip bone • Tulang pergelangan tangan: karpal/wrist bone • Tulang telapak tangan: metacarpal/palm bone
- 5. I. Outline Limbs (Rangka Anggota Gerak) • The motion organs of animals and humans have something in common, consisting of the passive gestures of bone and the active gestures of muscles. These devices work together in motion to form a system called the motion system. • Most of the bones are in member order. The skeleton of this motion consists of the members of the upper motion (anggota gerak atas) and the members of the lower motion (anggota gerak bawah). The upper portion builds up a pair of hands, while the lower part of the frame sets out a pair of feet.
- 6. The Lower Motion and The Upper Motion Thigh bone Patella/Knee bone Fibula Tibia Ankle Feet bone Knuckles Humerus Radius Ulna Knuckles Karpal/Wrist bone
- 7. Human skeletons have multiple bone shapes. There are long, circular bones that resemble pipes, called tube bones (tulang pipa). These flulike bones are found in both the upper arm and the femur. There are also flattened bones, such as the rib cage. A small-sized bone is called a "short bone.“ (tulang pendek). Short bone, for example, are found in the vertabrae and wrist.
- 8. HUMAN MUSCLE A muscle is a tissue in the body of a human or an animal that acts as an active motion that moves the bone. Almost half our body weight comes from muscles. Our bodies have over 640 muscles. These muscles are attached to the frame, thus called bibs to the frame. Skeletal muscles can be set in motion consciously. 1. Muscle activity Muscles play a vital role in the human organ of motion, as well as in other organs of the body. The main function of muscles for humans is as follows: A. run and do work, such as walking, lifting, and holding B. stimulate the heart C. is feeding the blood with substances, nutrients, oxygen, and so on.
- 9. II. Kinds of Muscles Human muscles are divided into three types: smooth muscles, skeletal striated muscles, and heart muscles. A. Smooth Muscles A smooth muscle is a muscle that works without our consciousness and is affected by the autonomous unconscious nervous system. The smooth muscle is formed by gelendong-shaped cells, where both ends are pointed and have a nucleus of a cell.
- 10. Every muscle in the body is different. The characteristics of a smooth muscle are these: 1. Contraction time ranging from 3 to 180 seconds 2. The shape between muscles is like a boat 3. Is found within the internal organs 4. It has one core cell in the middle 5. Muscle movement is simply slow and tiring 6. Controlled by autonomous nerves 7. Smooth muscles are found in the part of the intestines that controls the circulation of the blood and the muscles in the urinary tract 8. Not ruled over or affected by the brain
- 11. B. Skeletal Striated Muscles • The skeletal striated muscle is a muscle attached to the human skeleton used in motion. The skeletal striated muscles work in the subconscious. The skeletal striated muscle is also called the skeletal muscle because it attaches itself to the frame. named the skeletal striated muscles because of their alternating dark sides.
- 12. Just as a smooth muscle, skeletal striated muscle also has a characteristic: 1. It forms a syllabary with a dark line of light. 2. Attached to the frame 3. It works consciously with the command of the brain. 4. Quick and easy fatigue 5. A multicellular, long nucleus 6. It holds the pigment mioglobin 7. The core cells are on the edge
- 13. C. Heart Muscle/Myocardium The heart muscle is a muscle that works continuously without rest. The heart muscle is a combination of the skeletal muscles and the smooth muscles. It can be seen from the part of the muscle that has the bright dark side and the nucleus of the cell in the middle. It pumps blood throughout the body. The heart muscle works under human consciousness. The nerves that affect the heart muscle are sympathetic and parasitic.
- 14. Heart muscle characteristics: 1. Cylinder in shape 2. It has a splicing called syncytium 3. The heart muscle lies in the heart 4. It has one core cell in the middle 5. Working without human awareness 6. Constant work with no downtime.
- 15. III. The Difference Between Smooth Muscles, Skeletal Striated Muscles, and Heart Muscles (Myocardium) The difference between smooth muscles, skeletal striated muscles, and heart muscles can be seen in various shapes and movements. Difference Smooth Muscle Skeletal Striated Muscle Myocardium Judging by the shape Pointy end Elongated syllables Elongated syllables and lateral Nucleus of a cell One Many More than one Muscle – working system Working unconsciously Work in a conscious way Working unconsciously Muscle reaction Slow Quick Slow Muscle movement No time to get tired Tired quickly No time to get tired Put the muscle Lies in the organ system Attached to the frame (bone) Lies in the heart
- 16. IV. Various Muscle Movements a. Gestures of straightening, such as stretching your knees, elbows, and knuckles. b. Motion presses down or lowers down c. Arm twist, so hands lie down
- 17. IV. Various Muscle Movements d. Distancing movement, for example, from the body’s axis e. The motion that draws the axis closer to the body, for example the motion that draws the limbs closer to the axis. f. Bending motion, for example, bending elbow, knuckles, and knees.
- 18. V. Maintain The Human Muscles When muscles work harder during daily activities, human muscles are prone to problems or injuries, such as cramps, pain, or sprain. For such injuries to occur, we must maintain and maintain our muscles properly. 1. Avoid movements that strain muscle work Forced movements, sudden movements, and activities that overburden muscle work. 2. Stretch out Perform some stretching before and after activities that utilize long periods of muscle work, such as during exercise, long walks, and running. 3. Keep up the good routine There is much physical exercise that we can do to maintain muscle health. For example, jogging, cycling, exercise in fitness, etc.
- 19. V. Maintain The Human Muscles 4. Meet the need for bodily fluids Bodily fluids vary from person to person. At least eight glasses of water a day to maintain good health. Liquid helps the muscle to flex after contraction and can moisten the muscle cells, making tension difficult. 5. Eat nutritious food Such foods as muscle formation include egg white, milk, tuna, broccoli, chicken breast, beef, fish oil, cheese, almonds, Arabic nuts, and spinach. 6. Reduce muscle pain Use specially muscular cream to warm the muscles so that muscle cramps relax.