A New Method for Encrypting Digital Data Using Symmetric Key in Information Exchange Spaces

International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
Volume 5– Issue 6, 391 - 394, 2016, ISSN:- 2319–8656
www.ijcat.com 391
A New Method for Encrypting Digital Data Using
Symmetric Key in Information Exchange Spaces
Hadi Hajilar Lahrod
Department of Electrical
Engineering, Ahar Branch,
Islamic Azad University,
Ahar, Iran.
Ali Rahnemaei
Engineering, Ardabil
Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Ardabil, Iran.
Seyed Hadi Seyed Hatami
Engineering, Ardabil
Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Ardabil, Iran.
Abstract: with the arrival of the information age and much more important information systems and communication in human
everyday life, necessity immunization information and communication strategy were also raised. The easiest way to meet this
necessity is conventional encryption algorithms. Encryption is a right tool for data protection in an unsecure channel. To this end, from
two-method symmetric key encryption and public-key cryptography are used. In this paper we examine text cryptography, one of the
most important topics in cryptography. A unique attribute of this kind of encryption has been of interest to many researchers in this
field. This paper, considering the symmetric encryption algorithm, provides a text encryption algorithm using a 128-bit key. The
proposed algorithm uses a 128-bit key, the text data using the XOR operator to convert the encrypted information. Therefore, the aim
of this method is to provide a convenient method for symmetrically encrypting data not to be easily decoded, and finally, the results of
the tests show that the proposed method is better in terms of security and speed of execution.
Keywords: Encryption; symmetric; XOR operator; text information; key.
1. INTRODUCTION
One way to provide safety information is encryption. With
encryption, confidentiality and message authenticity are
preserved. The main problem in cryptography is that the
threats neither cannot obtain the original text of encrypted
text, nor cannot find the decoding converters even by
accessing the original text. In this case, the amount
information obtained from the encrypted text and encoding
method are important [1]. Cryptography includes of two
major components, an algorithm and a key. Algorithm is a
converter or mathematical formula. There are a few powerful
algorithms that most of them have been published as
standards or mathematical papers. Key is a string of binary
digits (ones and zeros) which is meaningless by itself. Modern
cryptography assumes that an algorithm is known or can be
discovered. Key must be kept secret and changed in any stage
of implementing. Decryption may use the same pair of
algorithms and key. Data encryption algorithms are generally
divided into two categories. The first batch contains
symmetric encryption algorithms while the second category
contains asymmetric cipher algorithms. Asymmetric key
encryption algorithms use different keys for encryption and
decryption. Many systems allow the one of publicly keys to
be released while another private key is kept by its owner.
Sender of the message codes the text with the recipient's
public key and receptor encrypts it with their private key. In
other words, only recipient's private key makes it possible to
turn the coded text to the original one. It means that even if
the sender accesses the main content text, they cannot achieve
to the original text via cipher text. Therefore the coded
message will be meaningless for any recipient rather than the
real one [2]. Therefore, with studying algorithms that has been
used before in this context, a new solution for encrypting
confidential information can affect and help establishment of
security in communications. In this paper we propose a new
method for encrypting digital data using asymmetric key in
the exchange of information spaces.
2. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS
Each encryption algorithm that is used to create data security
should ensure some specific security requirements which are
as follows:
2.1 Confidentiality of data's
The main purpose in security issues is to maintain data
confidentially from unauthorized user accesses. In fact, data
confidentiality is means maintenance of information secretly.
Different protocols use various cryptographic methods.
2.2 Data integrity
Making information confidential, external factors cannot steal
information, but it does not meant the secure and healthy data.
Data integrity ensures that the received data has been
remained unchanged during transmitting.
2.3 Data Novelty
Data novelty ensures that received data is new and is not a
repeat of previous messages.
2.4 Authentication
Encryption algorithms must have the authentication ability of
the received data, and can ensure the accuracy of the
transmitter. The sender of information cannot, in the future,
deny sending or its provisions. Various security protocols use
different encryption algorithms to meet these requirements.
3. CLASSIFICATION OF ENCRYPTION
METHODS
An encryption algorithm is a set of rules and mathematical
relationships which ends in a difference and clutter in the
data. Modern encryption algorithms can be classified based on
two criteria; functional keys and type of input. Data
encryption method is divided, based on input data type, into
two blocks and streams. Most of the techniques presented are
based on the image encryption [3][4].

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4. SYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION
In general, symmetric encryption has two parts, sender and
receiver, which want to communicate with each other in an
insecure channel, without letting someone else to get any
information on the relationship. The purpose of encryption
algorithms is to protect the security of a message that is
transmitted through an insecure channel. In general an
organization symmetric encryption has two functions,
encryption E and decryption D. The Encryption function E
receives the inverse of the original text as an input, and
transforms it under the key K to cipher text .
The encryption function is reverse function of
encryption function, so the key B is also
called secret key or shared key. In Fig.1, a general block
diagram of symmetric encryption system has been shown.
Fig.1 Block diagram of symmetric encryption system
5. RELATED WORKS
Security information in communication technology is one of
the issues that has occupied scholars of this area, because with
compromising information security, serious problems happen
to come for the message and threaten its integrity. Due to this
problem, scientists went on to make secret before exchanging
information and in the consequent, they reduce or neutralize
the effect of inhibiting factors. With technological advances
and the advent of modern communications, the need to provide
new methods in this area is greater than ever. Thus, according
to expand of the use of communication technology in
transmitting critical data, the privacy and data security are of
utmost importance. There have been done multiple algorithms
to encrypt data too [5][6][7]. In some other activities
encryption of data has been investigated for various methods
[8][9]. Various proposed methods in encryption information
are divided generally into two categories: stream encryption
and blocks encryption [10][11]. In the first kind, at any
moment, encryption is done bit by bit or character by
character, but in the second the entire string is encrypted and
transmitted at once. Generally, for both encryption methods,
the keys are used which are made of pseudorandom numbers.
There are several methods for generating random numbers
such as modular arithmetic generators, linear and non-linear,
linear recurrence registers (LFSR) and a non-linear Cellular
Automata (CA) and so on [12]. Access to information stored in
computer databases has greatly increased. Much of the
information stored is highly confidential, which is not visible
to the public. Data security is studied using encryption
techniques research conducted in an article with this theme, a
new encryption algorithm is provided based on concept of
block encryption, and logical operations such as XOR and shift
operations are used as well. The proposed algorithm improves
encryption security by symmetric putting layers [13]. Visual
secret sharing (VAS) is a visual encryption scheme which
decodes secret messages to several big stocks [14].
6. ENCRYPTION APPROACH
The proposed encryption system is one of the symmetric
systems that guarantee an absolute security. Overall approach
of this system is to generate key length of plain text and XOR
keys with text. In this method, the receiver of the message
must have the encryption key up with XOR again, restore the
original text. Totally randomness key, full security for the
proposed system ensures this approach also high
computational security in the face of the enemy. In building
public key cryptography systems, objective of securing is
computational. In this case, although these systems are not
secure against invaders, such strikers do not exist in the real
world.
Fig. 2 Main operation the proposed algorithm
7. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED
ALGORITHM
In some methods, particular keys are used to perform
encryption and decryption. Used keys can be the same in
encryption and decryption and/or are used differently in these
two factors. There are other algorithms that do not use keys for
encryption. These methods create kind of clutter in messages
and through this prevent the discovery of information, by
unauthorized persons. Different encryption algorithms, as
symmetric, asymmetric and hash functions are used for hiding
and for each of these algorithms there have been proposed
various methods. In the proposed method, we consider a text
file, according to the same text we convert it to an array of
characters. Then these characters are converted to an array of
bits. Key Length for encrypt information should be ideal, if
key length is greater, the security is then better and speed is
lower, and vice versa, if the key length is less, security is less
and encryption speed increases. In this paper we consider 128-
bit key length. After selecting key length, it will be applied on
the bits array in the range of 2/128. We divide bits array to 128
bits, this is our method for performing encryption. In each
stage, the XOR operation will be also applied; XOR operation
is as follows: after division of bits array to 128 bits, the first
part of the array of bits that is 128-bit with key is done by
XOR. After encrypting the first part of the array, this time half
a second part of the array with half of the first part of the array
with XOR action key is done; we do this action until
completing the array and cryptographic operation. In the
proposed method we used XOR operator to easily perform the
encryption and decryption. How to do encrypt text is shown in
Fig. 3:

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Fig.3 Description of the proposed approach
Encrypting the information
Data encryption algorithm in this method is very simple.
1. Converting secret text information to array of characters
2. Considering key length 128 bits
3. Key actions on array with range of 2/128
4. XOR perform on array with key consideration
8. IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS
For performing the test we used different texts for encryption.
According to the results, it can be observed that the proposed
algorithm is the fastest algorithm based on run-time. These
results have been achieved using MATLAB 2009 software.
The study of results shows that the encoded information
output resulting from encryption method has been reported
with security and high quality. We used "English" text in
implementation of the proposed algorithm for encryption. In
Fig.4 the English confidential text is used for encryption. Also
Fig.5 and 6 show, respectively, English text information
before the operation encryption and information encrypted
after encryption. So after encryption operation and applying
the proposed method, confidential data turns out to be in the
shape of Fig.7.
Fig.4 Confidential information for encrypting
Fig.5 Text information for encryption
Fig.6 information encrypted
Fig.7 information encrypted
In comparison between different encryption algorithms with
data size and various keys size, the proposed algorithm
represents the best performance. Table 1 compares the
processing speed of the proposed encryption algorithm with

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different key lengths with three known block ciphers. As the
table shows the proposed algorithm, with length 128-bit, runs
faster than other encryption methods and can serve up
operations. The proposed algorithm, due to speed and simpler
being implemented, is a type of symmetric cryptography for
protecting information in network communication and can be
used for protection of data on public channels. Time speed of
encrypting and decrypting depends largely on encryption key
length and file size. For obtaining confidential information and
decoding it, decryption key is generated as the same generation
method of encryption key, and output encrypted text being
XOR to obtain a plain text.
Table 1. Comparison symmetric ciphers processing speed
with the proposed algorithm
speed(Mbps)Type codeLength key
9DES56
33DES168
0.9RC2Variable
45RC4Variable
52Proposed method128
9. CONCLUSION
This article provides a secure method for encrypting text with
respect to the symmetric key and XOR operator. The proposed
method converts confidential information into an array of
characters, then using a 128-bit symmetric key encrypts
information via XOR operator, In fact the main stage is to use
key and to take the XOR operator. For decryption we act in
contrast to encryption. In the decode step, in first, we have a
symmetric key along with the encrypted information. And
according to encryption routine, we select the text again
character by character and, using XOR operator, decrypt
confidential information. Evaluation of the proposed method
showed that encryption of confidential information is better
than other methods. Security and data confidentiality in the
proposed algorithm is maximum. After implementation and
testing various data on the proposed algorithm we reached the
conclusion that our proposed algorithm, compared to
algorithms provided in the field, is more efficient and
decryption of it, without the key, is more difficult and even
impossible to solve. Also the algorithm speed, due to the
simplicity of the method, is of high operating and computing
speed. As suggestions for future studies we can note to
examine asymmetric algorithms and data hiding by the
algorithm.
10. REFERENCES
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[3] Ching-Nung Yang, Pin-Wei Chen, Hsiang-Wen Shih,
Cheonshik Kim, Aspect ratio invariant visual
cryptography by image filtering and resizing, Personal
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