A novel smart irrigation framework with timing allocation using solenoid valves and Arduino microcontroller

International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)
Vol. 13, No. 3, November 2024, pp. 758~766
ISSN: 2089-4864, DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v13.i3.pp758-766  758
Journal homepage: http://ijres.iaescore.com
A novel smart irrigation framework with timing allocation
using solenoid valves and Arduino microcontroller
Vijaya Kumar Hemapura Ramakrishnaiah1
, Harish Lakshmappa2
, Bharathi Gururaj3
,
Ramesha Muniyappa4
, Pavan Godekere Siddaramaiah1
, Nagesh Hunnigere Bylamurthy3
1
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Akshaya Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
2
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, India
3
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, ACS College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
4
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, GITAM University, Bengaluru, India
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Feb 4, 2024
Revised Jun 20, 2024
Accepted Jul 3, 2024
Irrigation in agriculture is the most common way of providing water to
agricultural land or fields at normal stretches through channels and
embedded platforms with the internet of things (IoT), to upgrade rural
development. In this paper, the arrangement of the various types of irrigation
systems and embedded platforms for agriculture was studied. The embedded
platform can be designed in a suitable framework that can assist the
irrigation system in growing more water-required crops. In this work, three
relay switches, two solenoid valves, and one water pump source were
connected to Arduino ESP32. The free version of Sinric Google Cloud was
utilized significantly to control three devices namely, two solenoid valves
using two relay switches and a water pump source using one relay switch.
The experiment was executed in a prototype manner with timing allocation
by considering two agricultural fields where water was supplied either in one
field at a time and showed more prominent results to save time, replacement
of manual valves, man intervention, power, and suitable quantity of water
for more water-required crops namely, arecanut and coconut.
Keywords:
Agriculture
Arduino microcontroller
Embedded system
Irrigation system
Time allocation
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Vijaya Kumar Hemapura Ramakrishnaiah
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
Akshaya Institute of Technology
Lingapura, Obalapura Post, Koratagere Main Rd, Tumakuru, Karnataka 572106, India
Email: vijayec106@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
In India, around 30% of the water from streams and groundwater is utilized by enterprises and
households, and the remaining around 70% is utilized for the field of agriculture. Water the board and
protection in agriculture is a significant piece of guaranteeing food security and manageable agrarian
creation. In an irrigation system, water is supplied from different sources through a specific arrangement to
the agricultural land. The requirement of water supply in agriculture depends on the type of crops such that
some types of crops need less water and some need more. Applying innovation and specialized advancements
in the field of irrigation systems in agriculture has fundamentally expanded productivity and results. In this
regard, a novel embedded technology with the internet of things (IoT) for irrigation systems needs to be
designed by replacing manual valves and considering the specific crop growth and quantity of water that
helps farmers in different parts of their cultivating tasks.
Groundwater has turned into the predominant wellspring of the irrigation system in India. Then
again, there is an enormous hole between a definitive and used surface water potential. The foundation of

Int J Reconfigurable & Embedded Syst ISSN: 2089-4864 
A novel smart irrigation framework with timing allocation … (Vijaya Kumar Hemapura Ramakrishnaiah)
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irrigation should be further improved to collect water and increment stockpiling ability to use spillover water.
The Irrigation system in the micro scheme and ideal harvest plan will assume unequivocal parts in the
preservation of water assets and food security of the country. The miniature water system has scope for
developing water system proficiency up to 90% [1]. The irrigation systems namely, manual and automated
systems were reviewed, and concluded that irrigation with an automated system. The irrigation system with
an automated system helped to save water that helpful for cultivating crops with high yields. Different types
of irrigation methods namely, subsurface, surface, drip, smart, and surface irrigation were reviewed. Here,
the disadvantages of the IoT namely, the requirement of labor, soil calibration, and time consumption were
explained [2].
The importance of sprinkler irrigation and its effectiveness including efficiency, uniformity, types,
characteristics, styles, and management skills were explained. The small irrigation, automated irrigation,
periodic and self-move sprinklers, traveling boom, and smartphone or dual-tone multi-frequency sprinkler
systems were reviewed. The selection of a designed system in an embedded platform for agriculture must
include important key elements namely, water arrangement, control and management, season, location, type
of soil, and type of crops [3].
The irrigation system framework for ideal water management was reviewed by uncovering the
restrictions and benefits of customary, mechanization, and man-made reasoning-based approaches. Different
irrigation systems namely, conventional, automated, and solar based on the type of application were
described. That's what the audit shows the fitting model for ordinary administration and cautious activity
rehearses lead to high water, saving, improvement in crop quality, expansion in yield, and decrease in
agronomical expenses [4].
The management of water in agriculture and its issues and methods in India were reviewed. Normal
assets have become powerless. Farming in India is in a curious circumstance of development with weakness.
A critical piece of the yearly variety in India's Gross domestic product development throughout the last
century is owing to yearly varieties in precipitation. The water system management is connected with three
significant difficulties in the agrarian front today, to be specific raising efficiency per unit of land,
diminishing neediness, and answering security of food needs [5].
The sustainable irrigation, climate changes, analysis of bibliometrics, modern technology and its
innovation and technology, water efficiency, and unconventionality of water resources were explained in
detail. Here, various survey articles were studied and concluded that novel alternative agriculture
methodologies still designed and developed in India based on groundwater, surface, saving water schemes for
high-yield crops, and their productivity. More noteworthy information on the natural effects of water system-
related rehearses in different regions on plot, locale, bowl, and provincial levels is required [6].
The target of the review was to assess destructive water use and agronomic water efficiency for
various harvests filled in various locales of Uttar Pradesh and to distinguish the districts for the relative benefit
of yield creation in light of water efficiency and harvest yield. The estimation parameter was calculated based
on region, crops, and requirement of water, and its productivity, region-wise consumption of water usage, and
physical productivity of water to give proof of the need for water to grow a variety of crops [7].
The current cultivation based on the IoT empowers productive usage of water as the dirt is
continually checked with the assistance of a soil moisture content sensor. The principal philosophy behind
this venture is to lessen human intercession and productively utilize water and power. This is made
conceivable by sending information to the Android gadget utilizing a Bluetooth Module and Arduino UNO
microcontroller. The controller of the system shows the number of hours it ought to work and various times it
ought to water the field and the term between each cycle, in the wake of choosing these boundaries the
situation with the engine is to be chosen [8].
A novel framework based on solar power in light of dampness content in the field and saving energy
and water with an ideal design motor was proposed. Here soil moisture sensors with a solar panel and a water
or solenoid valve were utilized to supply necessary water from the tank. This exploration is exclusively done
in structure to diminish dependence on matrix supply and utilize daylight to outfit rice crops. PVsyst
programming of variant 6.3.4 gave valid information on what kind of board ought to be utilized in the area of
Naushahro Feroze. By doing a similar examination, obviously, from traditional and present-day water system
frameworks, similar to surface, subsurface, sprinkler, and dribble water system frameworks [9].
The smart irrigation system based on the global system for mobile communication was proposed to
save consumption of water and energy. Here ARM-LPC2148, global system for mobile communication
(GSM), solar panel, and battery were utilized continuously to monitor the moisture of soil and supply water
to crops. The farmer will get complete information based on sensed values and make the automatic decision
to supply water to crops [10].
The standard objective of the Arduino-based programmed water system framework utilizing the IoT
method is to give a programmed water system framework thereby setting aside cash, time also, and force of
the rancher. The humidity, soil moisture sensor, and temperature sensor were connected to Arduino UNO to

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sense the unique boundaries of the dirt. What's more, in light of soil dampness the agricultural field/land is
naturally inundated by the ON/OFF of the motor through a relay switch to supply water and that will be
shown on the client's cell phone through the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module [11].
The 8266 microcontrollers was utilized with a soil moisture or dampness sensor and DHT11 for
taking the perusing of soil dampness and temperature and moistness. Every one of the information is
transferred by a Wi-Fi module built into the microcontroller, to think speak cloud information base to make a
smart irrigation framework. In this work, security enhancement schemes like passwords and other encoding
algorithms were not included [12].
A novel framework-based horticultural field observing plan that creates and executes the utilization
of various sensors implanted in an Alf and Vegard's RISC processor (AVR) microcontroller. The sensors
integrated are temperature, soil moisture or dampness, and downpour locator sensors. In light of the state of
the dirt detected by the dirt dampness sensor and the state of the downpour, it turns ON/OFF the siphon to
supply water to the field. The liquid crystal display (LCD) was utilized to show the state of the field given by
the different sensor values [13].
The embedded framework in agriculture supplies was reviewed. The utilization of artificial neural
network (ANN) models in implanted frameworks with join gatherers, weed discovery in sprayers, blueberry
hedge pruning, weed distinguishing proof, grain lift, and farming with precision were examined. The ANN is
a powerful other option for non-straight relapse examination in fitting surfaces. Accuracy farming with the
assistance of implanted frameworks turns out to be more productive, astute, and consistent [14].
The smart cultivating field perception utilizing embedded frameworks was proposed. Here different
sensors are implanted into an AVR microcontroller namely, temperature, soil moisture or dampness, and
downpour finder sensors. Considering the condition of the dirt identified by the dirt dampness sensor and the
condition of the downpour, it turns ON/OFF the direct for deftly of water to the field, and the LCD is used to
show the condition of the field given by the various sensors information [15].
Agricultural monitoring of distant regions based on the embedded system based on Arduino Mega
microcontroller with various sensors namely, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and LCD was proposed.
The main goal is to make a low-power, minimal-expense, hearty information assortment to produce and
accumulate an information-independent system. The framework was planned to utilize a custom working
framework to completely control and streamline framework undertakings, furthermore, is demonstrated to
proficiently and successfully assemble and communicate information for additional handling [16].
IoT upholds them with an electronic methodology that can capability with no person the executives
and can make them aware of making a proper move in light of different sorts of issues they may experience
while cultivating. The agricultural water resources, utilization of open source-based software, issues, and
challenges were discussed. The IoT using embedded systems in the agriculture field to monitor using various
sensors namely, potential hydrogen (PH), humidity, temperature, soil moisture, water level, Wi-Fi module,
light, and drip control system was utilized with Arduino Mega microcontroller were explained in detail [17].
A smart agriculture field control and monitoring system in an embedded platform was proposed.
Here sensors namely, temperature sensing, soil moisture sensing, motor on/off, and spraying systems were
connected to a microcontroller to control and monitor the agriculture field without the intervention of
humans. The proteus tool was utilized here to get information about sensor value for all controlling and
signaling actions and act as a virtual controller [18].
A novel embedded system was proposed to monitor crops automatically. The system was created by
using a microcontroller LPC214, soil dampness sensor, and motor. By knowing the level or condition
continuously of moisture, carbon monoxide (CO), and temperature through LCD and GSM with the use of
clamminess and temperature sensors, the water stream can be obliged essentially by conveying something
explicit from a compact [19].
The aeroponic framework is the new plant development strategy for state-of-the-art cultivation.
aeroponic control and monitoring system using various intelligent sensors was reviewed. The effectiveness of
various sensors namely, humidity, temperature, light intensity, nutrition levels, PH, electrical conductivity
(EC) value, and atomization time for flourishing plant growth were explained in detail. the rancher could
screen a few paraments without utilizing lab instruments, and the rancher had some control over the whole
framework from a distance [20].
Smart farming is one of the IoT's most significant purposes and the water, manure, and harvest yield
squander are completely diminished by utilizing smart farming by using various sensors. The IoT in
agribusiness created various advantages by decreasing the man intervention, water sources to sensors and
associations, time-saving, power, and web-associated temperature checking [21].
The embedded system and remote access system-based Arduino microcontroller to monitor the
environmental conditions were reviewed. Here the concept of embedded systems and their applications, the
Arduino microcontroller and its specifications, various access technologies, and various environmental

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conditions were explained in detail [22]. In science, the implementation Arduino microcontroller board was
reviewed. The Arduino microcontroller boards keep on testing analysts what's more, teachers for imagination
and advancement to address normal science issues, like sensor computerization, systems administration, and
information procurement [23].
The robotized fluid-filling framework was proposed by utilizing Arduino Uno alongside covering is
a state-of-the-art and effective method for filling and capping fluid compartments in businesses. The
framework uses an Arduino Uno board as the cerebrum of the framework and different sensors, for example,
fluid stream sensors and nearness sensors to control the progression of fluid and screen the place of the
holders. The framework likewise incorporates solenoid valves and peristaltic siphons to control the
progression of fluid and fill the compartments [24].
The IoT and cloud computing combination creates a system that effectively coordinates and controls
the area of the agriculture industry. Two sensors give information on the dirt's temperature, moistness, the
measure of daylight every day, and soil temperature to the base station. The framework utilizes data from the
soil moisture sensor to flood soil which assists with forestalling the water system or underwater system of
soil subsequently staying away from crop harm. The ranch proprietor can screen the interaction and can
assume the command of the cycle. The recommended frameworks should decide how much water is expected
for the water system in light of these standards [25].
The Wi-Fi module is appropriate for IoT applications. It is modest and accessible in different
structure factors, which is the best fit for various IoT-based projects. Here, we talk about various methods of
correspondence that the ESP module can deal with. Utilizing the Arduino IDE, a well-known IDE, can
program the ESP module rapidly [26].
The IoT smart home machine controlling framework is created that comprises a Sinric Web server,
which helps the clients and managers to remotely control and screen the exercises in the home. A framework
code utilizing Sinric Master interfaces this shrewd gadget and the regulator for viable working. There is
additionally an equipment interface module that gives proper connection point transfers of the home
robotization framework. This framework upholds an extensive variety of home mechanization gadgets like
power the board and security and helps to ON and OFF control through mobile phones [27].
The framework depended on a NodeMCU or ESP8266 Web of things gadget, Sinric Master Cloud
framework, and remote discourse communication utilizing Google Home application. The built gadget was
tried and found to be working successfully as three lights addressing the home machines, were remotely
turned ON and OFF from the Sinric Master Site, and a cell phone through voice order on the Google Home
application. This gadget which can be efficiently manufactured locally is thus prescribed to homes in Nigeria
as this will make life simpler from there, the sky is the limit agreeable [28].
The principal motivation behind a home computerization framework is to give straightforwardness
to individuals to control different home machines with the assistance of the idea of IoT innovation. The
ESP32, Relay, Wi-Fi router, Bulb, and Sinric Pro were utilized successfully to make a smart home system.
This framework is fit for saving electrical energy, time, and cash. It likewise assists with watching out for
homes from distant areas. This framework gives fewer actual contact gadgets because of the far-off activity
highlight [29].
The arranged smart locking system frameworks comprise of android portable, Arduino Uno board,
Wi-Fi module, and a hand-off circuit. Wi-Fi innovation was utilized to screen the gadget in light of its
rightness, extraordinary reach, and brief network. This module controls the Lock effortlessly for fixing and it
is client lovely. The framework utilizing the Sinric Assistance Cloud application has shown the guarantee as
a helpful and secure answer for controlling entryway locks from a distance [30].
The coconut and arecanut plant/tree are commonly growing in the South Zone of Karnataka state of
India and it requires more water from time to time. It is observed that some agricultural fields in villages at
different levels from the base and different locations where water was supplied under manual controlling of
valves. The problem is that, traditionally manual water valves can be adjusted with farmer intervention based
on agricultural fields, and water requirements. Usually, the drip irrigation system was utilized where the
water directly flows into the plant/tree compared to surface, localized, sprinkler, subsystem, centralized, and
manual methods. For example, the drip irrigation system under the control of manual valves is shown in
Figure 1.
The two manual valves were ON or OFF on either side to supply water from the water pump source
to cultivate respective more water-required crops. If the manual valves are replaced by smart controlled
valves, then the irrigation system can be automated fashion and will provide greater advantages for farmers.
It is necessary to create a novel agriculture irrigation framework in an embedded platform with the help of a
suitable microcontroller, IoT, and various sensors without human intervention by replacing manual valves.

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Figure 1. Drip irrigation system under the control of manual valves
2. METHOD
In this work, a novel smart irrigation framework with timing allocation was proposed in a prototype
manner to supply water to two agricultural fields by replacing the manual valves using two solenoid valves
with two relay switches, a water pump source with a relay switch, Sinric Google Cloud and a delay program
for timing allocation to save time, man intervention, water, and power for cultivating more water required
crops namely, coconut and arecanut tree/plant. The proposed methodology is shown in Figure 2. The
components required for the proposed methodology are as follows:
i) ESP232 Arduino: Arduino-based microcontroller module with an ESP32-S3 chip inside. This module
upholds both Bluetooth and Wi-Fi modules, making it an optimal gadget for IoT improvement. ESP32
has basic common features namely, a 32-bit processor with a frequency of up to 240 MHz, a Wi-Fi
module, memory of 320 KB RAM, 3.3 V to 5 V supply, Bluetooth, 2 digital to analog convector
(DAC), 12 analog to digital convector (ADC), and 3 universal asynchronous receiver transmitter
(UART).
ii) Solenoid valve: the solenoid valve is utilized for controlling any type of liquid flow. It acknowledges a
DC voltage of 24 V and additionally deals with 12 V DC.
iii) Power supply: 5 V DC supply for ESP32 Arduino microcontroller and 12 V DC supply for relay switch.
iv) Water pump source: A 5 V DC water pump submersible source was utilized to supply water from
pond/lake/tank/borewell/ any other readily available water resources.
v) Relay switch: it is a switch that works electrically and it can be can be turned off or on permitting the
flow stream of current to go through or not, and can be controlled with low voltages, like the 5 V given
by the pins of Arduino.
vi) Sinric Google Cloud: is a stage that helped to interface IoT gadgets to Google Home, IFTTT, Amazon
Alexa, Hub-RED, SmartThings, and different stages. It is a paid help; however, you can utilize a free
record with up to 3 gadgets or devices.
Figure 2. The proposed methodology

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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The proposed methodology layout and Sinric Google Cloud demonstration are shown in Figure 3.
The proposed work was developed in terms of providing a timing allocation. The timing allocation setup
helped to control the 3 devices to Turn ON/Turn OFF and the procedure for the same is as:
i) Initialize the power supply of 5 V DC to ESP32 Arduino system.
ii) Sinric Google Cloud platform was connected 3 devices via ESP 32 Arduino namely, Device 1–relay 1
switch for water supply pump source, Device 2–relay 2 switch for solenoid valve 1, and Device 3-relay
3 switch for solenoid valve 2.
iii) An additional single power supply of 12 V was connected to two Solenoid valves through 2 relay
switches.
iv) Device 1 and Device 2 were activated (Turn ON) such that the water supply pump source through relay
1 switch and solenoid valve 1 through relay 2 switch were activated for 20 seconds (Timing allocation
or delay) and then Device 1 and Device 2 were deactivated (Turn OFF).
v) Device 1 and Device 3 were activated (Turn ON) such that the water supply pump source through relay
1 switch and solenoid valve 2 through relay 3 switch were activated for 20 seconds (Timing allocation
or delay) and then Device 1 and Device 2 were deactivated (Turn OFF).
vi) Even if Device 1 was in active and Device 2 or 3 were not in active status then the smart system will be
restarted again into the initial state and waiting to activate Devices 1 and 2 or 1, and 3 for the operation.
vii) The operation proceeded again with the same procedure from step 2 if required such that the whole
system can be worked in an automated or smart fashion through mobile phone by the switch on 3 relay
switches whenever needed.
Figure 3. The proposed methodology layout (left) and Sinric Google Cloud demonstration (right)
4. CONCLUSION
In this work, a novel smart irrigation framework with timing allocation using solenoid valves and an
Arduino microcontroller was designed and developed in a prototype manner. Here components namely, three
relay switches, two solenoid valves, and one water pump source were connected to Arduino ESP32. The free
version Sinric Google Cloud system successfully connected 3 devices in terms of 3 relay switches to turn on
or off the solenoid valve to supply water using a water supply pump source from available water to either
agricultural field 1 or agricultural field 2. Since only one solenoid valve was activated at a time and hence
here single 12 V power supply was connected to two solenoid valves instead of an extra power supply
connection. In the experiment, the time allocation was set up for a 20 seconds delay only, such that activating
Device 1 to supply water for up to 20 seconds through activated Device 2 or 3 for agriculture field 1 or 2.
After the delay completion Devices 1, 2, and 3 are deactivated automatically. The experiment was executed

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764
successfully and showed more prominent results in replacing manual valves, saving time, man intervention,
water, and power that helped for growing more water-required crops namely, arecanut, coconut plant/tree,
and so on. In the future, need to make Sinric Google Cloud that connects more devices and also make use of
solar panels, sensors, and data analysis methods to include more features for smart agriculture irrigation
systems.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work has been upheld by the exploration focus of the division of hardware and correspondence
designing, Akshaya Institute of Technology, Chinnaga, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India, and ACS College of
Engineering, Mysore Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Dr. Vijaya Kumar Hemapura Ramakrishnaiah received a bachelor’s degree in
electronics and communication engineering, from the East-West Institute of Technology,
Bengaluru, VTU, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, a postgraduate degree in digital electronics from
Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India, and a Ph.D.
degree in the image processing domain, VTU University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. He is
presently working as an associate professor in the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Akshaya Institute of Technology, Tumkuru, Karnataka. He is
having research experience of more than 6 years in the field of image processing and
embedded systems. He published 3 international journals and more than 10 International
conference papers. He organized many events at the Department, College, and University
level. He can be contacted at email: vijayec106@gmail.com.
Harish Lakshmappa received his bachelor’s degree from the KNS Institute of
Technology, Bangalore, VTU, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, a postgraduate degree from Malnad
College of Engineering, Hassan, VTU, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, and currently pursuing a
Ph.D. under VTU, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. He is currently working as an assistant
professor, in the Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Global Academy of
Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. His research interests are in image and video
processing, embedded systems and IoT. He published 5 research journals and was also
responsible for conducting various events at the college level and department level. He can be
contacted at email: harishlakshmappa@gmail.com.
Dr. Bharathi Gururaj received a bachelor’s degree in electronics and
communication engineering from PES Institute of Technology, Bangalore University,
Karnataka, India, a postgraduate degree from M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology,
Bangalore, VTU Belagavi, Karnataka, India, and a Ph.D. degree from the VTU, Belagavi,
Karnataka, India. Presently she is working as an HOD and associate professor at ACS College
of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Her research interests are in image and video
processing, and wireless communication. she has contributed to more than 10 research
journals. She has reviewed around 50+ papers for various journals, IEEE conferences, and
international journals. She coordinated the AICTE-ATAL Faculty development program on
Industry 4.0 in January 2022. She is an editorial board member and reviewer for science
publishing group journal. She can be contacted at email: bharathigururaj@gmail.com.
Dr. Ramesha Muniyappa received a bachelor's degree from VTU, Belagavi,
Karnataka, a postgraduate degree from Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, VTU,
Bangalore, Karnataka, and a Ph.D. from GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India. Presently,
he is working as an assistant professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering at GITAM University, Bengaluru Campus, Karnataka. His research interests
focus on next-generation wireless communication systems, with a specific emphasis on
various 5G technologies, including OFDM, FBMC, NOMA, and DOA. He published more
than 10 research journals and conferences and also obtained three Indian patents and four
book chapters. He can be contacted at email: rameshmalur037@gmail.com.

 ISSN: 2089-4864
766
Pavan Godekere Siddaramaiah received a bachelor’s degree in
telecommunication engineering, from KSIT, Tumakuru, VTU, Belgaum, Karnataka, India,
and a postgraduate degree in signal processing from SJC Institute of Technology,
Chikkaballapura, VTU, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. at Sri
Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumakuru. Karnataka. He is presently working as
an assistant professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, and
an administrative officer at Akshaya Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India. His
research interests include image and signal processing, biometrics, medical image analysis,
computer vision, and pattern recognition. He can be contacted at email:
pavan.hosmane@gmail.com.
Nagesh Hunnigere Bylamurthy received his bachelor’s degree from the Shri
Krishna Institute of Technology, Bangalore, VTU, Karnataka, India, and a postgraduate
degree from Reva Institute of Technology and Management, VTU, Bengaluru, Karnataka,
India. Currently, he is pursuing a Ph.D. at VTU, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. His research area
of interest is image processing. He is currently working as an assistant professor in the
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering at ACS College of Engineering,
Bengaluru. He is also responsible for conducting various events at the college level and
department level. He can be contacted at email: nagesh.murthy@gmail.com.

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