A Review on Influence of Fluid Viscous Damper on The Behaviour of Multi-storey Building Under Different Seismic Zones

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 02 | Feb 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
A Review on Influence of Fluid Viscous Damper on The Behaviour of
Multi-storey Building Under Different Seismic Zones
Ghanshyam L. Jodhani1, Kishan Pala2
1M. Tech Student, L.J. University, Ahmedabad
2Kishan Jayswal, Assistance Professor, Civil Engineering Department, L.J. University, Ahmedabad, India.
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Abstract - Here we implemented high rise structure
construction everywhere as we have urbane designing
software and due to improvement in the field of engineering
and technology. As we know if we rise height of building
seismic and wind load response also increase. Indianstandard
codes propose that the displacements and forcesofastructure
are directly relational to itsheight. Continuouslystudyis going
on for reduction of response during extreme horizontal
loading due to shaking and wind. Passivecontrollerdevicelike
various type of dampers is used for controlling response of
shaking and wind load.
Key Words: Fluid viscous dampers, Displacement,
Storey Drift and Storey shear, ETABS.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
 Which different kind of load is acting on RC
building?
There are many types of loads are acting on RC building.
If we discus majorly in India we consider Dead load, Live
load, Seismic load and Wind load (if height if building is
more than 10m, as per IS 875 part 3). ButaccordingtoIS456
table-18 while we consider earthquake effect then in given
load combination wind loadissubstitute byearthquakeload.
 Dead Load:
Dead load is mainly caused by the individual weight of
the structure and the completionofthestructure.Deadloads
are carried out only in the vertical direction. We can only
assume that no tipping occurred due to static properties.
 Live Load:
Live load is acting due to human stay in building,
furniture, vehicle etc. In different type of building, we
consider different value of Live load as suggested in IS 875
part 2.
 Earthquake Load (Seismic load):
Seismic load is the horizontal load on the building as
result of the shaking of the ground during an earthquake.
Earthquake loads are “dynamic load”. Other types of loads
usually slowly acts on structure, but seismic load act rapidly
and vibrate the structure.
 What is earthquake resistant building?
Earthquake resistant building is defined as there is no
damage allowed in structural member andnomajordamage
allowed in non-structural member in weak earthquake,
Structural damage allowed but not major damage allowed it
should be repairable in moderate or moderately strong
earthquake, and instrongearthquakemajordamageallowed
but structure should not collapse during earthquake, this
type of building known as earthquake resistant building.
 What is damper?
“Dampers are energy dissipation system”.
Dampers are device usedto disperseorabsorbvibration
resulting from earthquake in the structure to increase the
damping and stiffness of the structure.
 Different type of damper majorly used in building.
1] Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVD)
2] Viscoelastic Dampers
3] Friction Dampers
4] Tuned Mass Damper (TMD)
5] Yielding Dampers
6] Magnetic Damper
1.2 Fluid viscous dampers:
Figure 1: Schematic Detailing of Fluid Viscous Damper
Components
Inthefluidviscousdampers,seismicenergyabsorbed
by silicon-based fluid passing through the piston-cylinder
© 2024, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 34

arrangement. Viscous dampers are used in many building in
higher earthquake zone. It operatesinthetemperaturerange
of 40o C to 70o C. Viscous dampers reduce vibration caused
by earthquake.
 Component of Fluid viscous dampers.
1] Piston Rod
2] Cylinder
3] Silicone Fluid
4] Accumulator Housing
5] Seal and Seal Retainer
6] Chamber-1 and Chamber-2
7] Piston Head with Orifices
8] Control Valve
9] Rod Make-up Accumulator
 Types of connection of Fluid viscous dampers.
There are three ways to connect dampers,
1] In floor or foundation
2] In stern pericardial braces
3] In diagonal braces
Figure 2: stern pericardial braces
Figure 3: Diagonal Braces
Figure 4: Floor or Foundation
1.3 Terminologies:
Displacement:
“The distance from the original position of sample point of
structure to its final location of the deformed structure is
known as displacement of structure.”
Story Drift:
“The lateral displacement of consecutive floor is known as
storey drift.” And “The ratio of floor drift to the floor heightis
known as storey drift ratio.”
Story Shear force:
“The lateral force act on the storey duo to force such as wind
load or seismic load is known as storey shear force.”
Building having less stiffness attracts less storey
shear and buildings havingmorestiffnessattractmorestorey
shear.
1.4 Objective
The main objective of this study is to check the kind of
performance a building can give when designed as per
Indian Standards.
The Analysis of the building frame is carried out by using
structural analysis and design software ETABS (version21).
 To analyse Storey displacement of building.
 To analyse Storey drift of building.
 To analyse Storey shear of building.
We are use ETABS (version 21)foranalysemodel ofRCC
building. Take random parameters of column, beam and
other structural component. Different seismic zone and
different type of soil is considered for analysis.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] Milton Fernandes 1, Swane Rodrigues 2, Suraj
Sharma3, Smit Raut 4, Mr. Shreeshail Heggond 5,
“ComparativeStudyofSeismicBehavior ofHigh-Rise
Building with and Without Use of Fluid Viscous
Damper Using E-Tabs”, International Journal of
Innovations in Engineering and Science.
G+25 RCC commercial office buildinglocatedin Mumbai
with higher height to plan dimensionratioisexaminedusing
fluid viscous dampers at exterior cornerof building. Model is
run in ETABS 2019 and examined model with two methods,
(1) Equivalent staticmethodand(2)Responsespectrum
method.
For a G+ 25-storey RCC building with and without ice
damper, floor displacements, floor drifts, floor shear forces
and models along x and y directions, static equation method
and response spectrum method time and frequency value
were used.
The study concluded that the floor deflection of a
conventional reinforced concrete building without a tipper
will have the highest deflection compared to a building with
a tipper. By adding dampers to the structure, we will reduce

the displacement factor and increase the stability of the
structure. Since the displacement value increases as the
height of the building increases, dampers are used to reduce
ground displacement. By adding dampers to the structure,
the inter-storey drift value can be reduced, and the
maximum inter-storey drift value of the building does not
exceed the limit specified in Indian standards.
[2]Daniel C, Arunraj E, Vincent Sam Jebadurai S, Joel
Shelton J, Hemalatha G, “Dynamic Analysis of
Structure using Fluid Viscous Damper for Various
Seismic Intensities”, International Journal of
Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering
(IJITEE)
Dynamic analysis done for 5 story RCC structure
with fluid viscous damper with different earthquake
intensity, the model is done using SAP 2000 in this research
paper. Using SAP 2000, runthemodelandexaminethemodel
with the dynamic analysis method. Roof displacement and
base shear of RCC building with liquid viscous dampers and
without liquid viscous dampers were investigated.
Based on this research, it is concluded that the base shear
obtained was reduced by 50% for the X-axis using FVD. The
base shear obtained was reduced by 61.3% for the Y-axis
using FVD. The roof drift was reduced by 50.65% for the X-
axis using FVD. The roof drift was reduced by 51.35% for the
Y-axis with FVD.
[3]Vibha More, Dr. Vikram Patil, Somanagouda
Takkalaki, “Dynamic Analysis of RCC Frame
Structures with andWithoutViscousDamperHaving
Different AspectRatio”,IJISET-InternationalJournal
of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology.
Detailed analytical study of liquid viscous damper
using ETABS version 15. The study is limited to the analysis
of 20 storey and 40 storeys R.C.C. building. A total of four
different structures are modelled for two different heights
and two different aspect ratios.
This work includes a study of the structure with and
without a fluid viscous damper. The different heights to be
considered for this study are 20 storeys and 40 storeys.
Different aspect ratio shouldalso be considered, for example
1, 1.5. The aim of the study is to find out the differences in
various parameters of the structureusingETABSsoftwareby
performing response spectrum analysis.
Liquid viscous dampers will be installed inthebuildingto
combat the acceleration force due to the earthquake. A trial-
and-error method was usedtofindtheoptimallocationofthe
dampers in the building.
Research indicates that up to 44% reduction in floor drift
has been observed when FVD is provided to the 10th floor in
a zigzag pattern, while the reduction is up to 54% when FVD
is provided at all exterior corners in a zigzag pattern. Floor
drift reduced by up to 78% when FVD is secured to the 10th
floor in a zigzag pattern. It is also reduced byupto65%when
FVD is provided at all outer corners in a zigzag pattern.
Approximately 40% reduction in time-period was observed
when using FVD. It was observed that the B model with
aspect ratio of 1 with dampersprovidedwithazigzagpattern
at all outer corners gives a satisfactory result compared to
other models.
[4]Madhuri S L, Lakshmi P S, “Seismic Performance
Evaluation of Fluid viscous Damper”, International
Journal of AdvancesinEngineeringandManagement
(IJAEM).
In this research, a 5-bay X-direction and 5-bay Y-
direction rectangular reinforced concrete structure model
for 15-story frames made of M25-grade concrete for the
beam and slab and M30 for the column and Fe500-grade
steel is built. A scheme with a field width of 5 m is measured.
The expected floor height is 3.6 m. The total width of the
frame is therefore 25 x 25 m. The support conditions are to
be fixed and the reduction factor is to be 5 for soil type 2
(medium) and seismic zone V.
We concluded that the offset of the floor is high on the
upper floor and lower on the base,withincreasingheightthe
offset increases. The displacement of the floors of the
structure without the application of FVD is the maximum
compared to the structure with FVD, and with the
application of FVD in the corners of all floors, the maximum
displacement is reduced compared to other places of the
structure. The floor displacement follows a parabolic path
along the floor height with a maximum value somewhere
near the fourth floor. After the fourth floor, the floor
displacement decreases as the height of the structure
increases. The storey displacement is maximum for the
structure without dampers and is reduced by 47% when
FVDs are placed at the corners of all storey and by 41%
when FVDs are placed at the center of all storey.
[5] N. Priyanka, Dr. J. Thivya, J. Vijayaraghavan,
“SEISMIC STUDY OF MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURE
WITH FLUID VISCOUS DAMPERS USING ETABS”,
International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET).
A seismic study of a multi-story structure resting on
normal terrain with different seismic intensities with and
without the use of liquid viscous dampers is performed. An
RC multi-storey building in seismic zones II, III, IV andVis to
be designed and the most vulnerable buildingamongthemis
to be identified. Fluid viscous dampers with different
strengths can also be used in different types of buildings
because the modelled structure has a low height; smaller
devices were used to start the analysis. The FVD is added to
the structure after it is defined in the joint properties by
adding a new damper exponential in the joint property data.

From the results, we conclude that responses such as
acceleration, base shear, displacement are reduced when
FVD is included in the design. The seismic performance of
buildings can only be improved by using energy dissipation
devices (dampers) that dissipate the input energy during an
earthquake. Damper placement plays a primary role in
controlling structural vibration. Efficiency is greater when
the dampers are placed in the corners instead of in the
middle. The most vulnerable type of building is in zone V.
Therefore, from this analysis, the location of the damper is
very effective and recommended.
3. CONCLUSION
Fluid viscous dampers are devices to absorb energy
produced by earthquake or wind load or any other lateral
load acting on RCC building.
 Analysis of storey displacement with fluid viscous
damper and without fluid viscous dampersclearlyshow
that maximum displacement of building is reduced by
some percentage after adding fluid viscous dampers.
 Storey drift of building after adding fluid viscous
dampers decrease and base shear also reduce.
 Time period of building is increase so frequency of
building is decrease and less frequency attract less
seismic load.
 Location of fluid viscous dampers also affect on
displacement, storeydrift andotherseismic parameters.
 Corner damping is most effective as compared to other
placement of dampers. middle damping is little bit less
effective as compared to corner damping.
 Building in higher seismic zone getting more
displacement and storey drift as compared to lower
seismic zone.
 If we want to decrease displacementandstoreydrift,we
need to introduce some shock absorber for reduce
movement of RCC building during lateral load acting
during earthquake or high wind speed.
 Fluid viscous dampers are the more effective absorbers
for RCC building.
4. REFERENCE
1] Milton Fernandes 1, Swane Rodrigues 2, Suraj Sharma3,
Smit Raut 4, Mr. Shreeshail Heggond 5, “Comparative
Study of Seismic Behavior of High-Rise Building with
and Without Use of FluidViscousDamperUsingE-Tabs”,
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and
Science, www.ijies.net, e-ISSN: 2456-3463 Vol. 6, No. 5,
2021, PP. 22 -30
2] Daniel C, Arunraj E, Vincent Sam Jebadurai S,Joel Shelton
J, Hemalatha G, “Dynamic Analysis of Structure using
Fluid Viscous Damper for Various Seismic Intensities”,
International Journal of Innovative Technology and
Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075,
Volume-9 Issue-1, November 2019
3] Vibha More, Dr. Vikram Patil, Somanagouda Takkalaki,
“Dynamic Analysis of RCC Frame Structures with and
Without ViscousDamperHavingDifferentAspectRatio”,
IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science,
Engineering & Technology,Vol.6Issue10,October2019
ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 | Impact Factor (2019) –
6.248
4] N. Priyanka, Dr. J. Thivya, J. Vijayaraghavan, “SEISMIC
STUDY OF MULTI-STOREY STRUCTURE WITH FLUID
VISCOUS DAMPERS USING ETABS”, International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET), Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019.
5] Madhuri S L, Lakshmi P S, “Seismic Performance
Evaluation of Fluid viscous Damper”, International
Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management
(IJAEM), Volume 4, Issue 7 July 2022.
6] IS 1893 Part 1 (2016)
7] IS 875 Part 1 (1987)
8] IS 875 Part 2 (1987)

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