A Study on Finding the Key Motive of Happiness Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs)

Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 02 Issue: 02 December 2013 Page No.43-46
ISSN: 2278-2419
43
A Study on Finding the Key Motive of Happiness
Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs)
A. Victor Devadoss1
, D. Mary Jiny2
PG & Research Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, ChennaI, India.
Email : 1
hanivictor@ymail.com, 2
djstudy.jiny94@gmail.com
Abstract -Happiness is subjective. It is difficult to compare one
person’s happiness with another. It can be especially difficult
to compare happiness across cultures. The function of man is
to live a certain kind of life and this activity implies a rational
principle. The function of a good man is the good and noble
performance. If any action is well performed it is performed in
accord with the appropriate excellence. If this is the case, then
happiness turns out to be an activity of the soul in accordance
with virtue. That is happiness as the exercise of virtue. Every
human being thinks happiness in his own perspective.
Everyone wants to be happy and searching happiness in all
their activities. Happiness is typically measured using
subjective measures. Happiness cannot be defined in terms of
rigid boundaries and it is a vague term and it is appropriate to
use Fuzzy Logic. In particular, we use Fuzzy Cognitive
Mapping to find the key motive of happiness. This paper
consists of four sections. The first section is of inductive
nature about happiness. The section two introduces the
concept of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCMs). In section three
Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping applied on the concept of
Happiness. Section four gives the conclusions and
suggestions.
Keywords - Fuzzy Cognitive Map, Happiness, Making the dear
one happy and being with them, Enjoyments, leisure,
Education, achievements, Spiritual thoughts, Wealth and
Health
I. INTRODUCTION
The function of man is to live a certain kind of life and this
activity implies a rational principle and the function of a good
man is the good and noble performance of these, and if any
action is well performed it is performed in accord with the
appropriate excellence. If this is the case, then happiness turns
out to be an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue. That
is happiness as the exercise of virtue. The ultimate aim of life
is to be happy. Everyone wants to be happy. Searching for
happiness is the ultimate aim of their life and start to find
happiness in all their activities. Happiness varies person to
person. One find happiness in his family life, another finds in
religious life, some finds in wealth and some in heath and so
on. So it is a vague term. It cannot be defined in terms
definite actions. Let us see how some eminent people define
happiness.According to the Greek philosopher Aristotle,
happiness consists in achieving through the course of the
whole lifetime all the goods, health, wealth, knowledge,
friends, etc., that leads to the perfection of human nature and to
the enrichments of human life. Victor-Marie Hugo (26
February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, statesman,
human rights activist says “The greatest happiness of life is the
conviction that we are loved - loved for ourselves, or rather,
loved in spite of ourselves”. Alice Meynell (1847-1922) was
an English writer says “Happiness is not a matter of events; it
depends upon the tides of the mind”. Allan K Chalmers (1951)
was a writer mention” The grand essentials of happiness are:
something to do, something to love, and something to hope for
love”. Margaret Lee beck (1905-1956) was a psychologist
says “Happiness is not a station you arrive at but a matter of
travelling”. John B. Sheerin (1992) was a Roman Catholic
editor says “Happiness is not in our circumstance but in our
selves. It is not something we see, like a rainbow, or feel, like
the heat of a fire. Happiness is something we are”. Scottish
Proverb says “Be happy while you're living, for you're a long
time dead”.
A. Recent Research Papers and Motivation for Study
John Helliwell (October 27, 2010) emeritus professor of
economics at UBC observed that the amount of data and
experience regarding happiness research is in its infancy but
suspects that the three major points about happiness that will
ultimately merge are:1)The positive trumps the negative. 2)
Community trumps materialism. 3) Generosity trumps
selfishness. George mackerron (2 Dec 2011) is a LSE
researcher says six main cause of happiness are 1.Intimacy/
making 2.love.Sports/ running/ exercise 3.Theatre/ dance/
4.concert/ Singing/ performing 5.Exhibition/ museum/ 6.
library. Hobbies / arts/ crafts. 18th
January 2012 - A new
study published on in the journal of marriage and family
reveals the benefits of marriage such as shared health care
plans cohabiting couples experienced greater gains in
happiness and self-esteem. 19th
April 2012 – Princeton
University study showed that money really can buy happiness.
12th
April 2012 – “sex in the event of happiness”, presented by
Lauren Berlant professor of English at the University of
Chicago.
B. Gross National Happiness
Gross National Happiness was coined in 1972 by Bhutan’s
then King Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The Fourth Dragon king
of Bhutan says “The primary idea of GNH is that every human
being aspires for happiness and the country’s development
should also be measured in its citizen’s happiness”.
C. What makes people feel happy?
Every human being is different, their thinking and their
activities are also different. It is not so easy to find what
people think as their happy. The collected data of different
people from different area gives us various ideas about
happiness. Interview and recorded data from 100 people
belongs from a combination of society of people gives us their
point of view about happiness. From the collected data, there
are 36 different causes are able to find out, these 36 causes are

ISSN: 2278-2419
44
minimized as 17 and again reduced us 6 main causes with the
help of experts opinion. According to expert (people) opinion
we have collected some of the major fact about happiness and
are combined and reduce as 6 major cause which is shown in
the fig.1.1.
a) The six main key motive of happiness
According to the experts opinion we have arrived at six main
key motive of happiness they are
1. Making the dear one happy and being with them (family
and friends)
2. Health (meditation and yoga)
3. Wealth (properties and economic status)
4. Spiritual thoughts
5. Achievements (success in education and extracurricular
activities)
6. Pleasure activities
b) The percentage response
The percentage response from 100 people of different
community was taken and the collected data is given in fig.1.2.
The fig 1.2 shows that the majority of the people think that
being with their dear ones and making them happy is their
happiness. The dear one includes family, friends, and their well
wishes and pet animals. The second major cause is
achievements. Achievements are the main goal of majority of
people. The third motive of happiness is pleasure activities; it
plays an important role in short length happiness. Wealth is in
fourth position among the key motive of happiness. But some
think that health is wealth. The fifth majority is health and
spiritual thoughts. Spiritual thoughts make people not to do
sin, and no sin will comes back to them. Health is also one of
the important factors because if you are healthy then you can
enjoy your life in better manner.
Figure 1
D. Effects of happiness
Happiness is a tool to enjoy the life. Everyone is searching for
happiness in all their activities. Satisfaction of life is seems to
be more important than anything else in the world. The
percentage response of the effect of happiness from the public
is given in fig .1.3. Happiness gives us a motivation to work
hard towards the goal and it helps to reduce the strain and
stress. We get confidence and can able to achieve everything.
Happiness gives us the satisfaction of life and peace of mind.
And experts say that if you are happy then you look young.
The public responses from the collected data is given below
E1 - motivation to work hard towards the goal
E2 - It will help us to forget the stress and gives confidence
E3 – we can achieve everything and will get satisfaction
E4 – peace of mind
E5 – will be healthy and look young
E6 – supportive and gives self confidence
Fig. 2 (% response – causes of happiness)
1. Being with friends
2. Getting good life partner
3. Being with family and making
them happy
4. Keeping pet animals
5. Making other happy
6. Doing meditation
7. Achievements
8. Outing
9. If my dear one achieve
something
10. Wealthy life(getting gifts and
their own yearned)
11. Being with god
12. Pleasure activities(sleeping and
taking rest)
13. Healthy life
14. Without doing any sin
15. Education
16. Extracurricular activities (
talents in sports and cultural)
17. Watching movie
18. Festivals
19.
20. Watching move
1. Making the dear one
happy and being with
them
2. Health
3. Wealth
4. Spiritual thoughts
5. Achievements(success
in education and
extracurricular
activities)
6. Pleasure activities

ISSN: 2278-2419
45
Fig. 3 (% response - effect of happiness)
II. INTRODUCTION
In this section we recall the notion of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
(FCMs), which was introduced by Bart Kosko in the year
1986. We also give several of its interrelated definitions.
FCMs have a major role to play mainly when the data
concerned is an unsupervised one. Further this method is most
simple and an effective one as it can analyze the data by
directed graphs and connection matrices.
A. Definition
An FCM is a directed graph with concepts like policies, events,
etc. as nodes. And causalities as edges. It represents causal
relationship between concepts. Let C1, C2, …,Cn be the nodes
of an FCM. A = (a1, a2,…,an) where ai  {0, 1}. A is called
instantaneous state vector and it denotes the on-off position of
the node at an instant.
B. Definition
Let C1, C2,…,Cn be the nodes of an FCM. Let C1C2, C2C3,
C3C4,…, CiCj be the edges of the FCM (i j). Then the edges
form a directed cycle. An FCM is said to be cyclic if it
possesses a directed cycle. An FCM is said to be acyclic if it
does not possess any directed cycle.
C. Definiton
An FCM with cycles is said to have a feedback.
D. Definition
Let C1C2, C2C3, C3C4,…, CiCj be a cycle. When Ci is switched
on and if the causality flows through the edges of a cycle and if
it again causes Ci , we say that the dynamical system goes
round and round. This is true for any node Ci, for i = 1, 2,
…,n. The equilibrium state for this dynamical system is called
the hidden pattern.
E. Definition
If the equilibrium state of a dynamical system is a unique state
vector, then it is called a fixes point.Example: Consider a FCM
with C1, C2,…,Cn as nodes. For example let us start the
dynamical system by switching onC1. Let us assume that the
FCM settles down with C1 and Cn on i.e. the state vector
remains as (1, 0, 0, …, 0, 1) this state vector(1, 0, 0, …, 0, 1) is
called the fixed point.
FCMs are used to model several types of real world problem.
FCMs have a major role to play mainly when the data
concerned is an unsupervised one. In this section we analyze
the key motive of happiness using FCM.
III. FINDING OUT THE HIDDEN PATTERN
An expert spells out the six major concepts relating to the
cause of happiness
C1 - Making the dear one happy and being with them
C2 – Pleasure activities
C3 – Education and achievements
C4 - Spiritual thoughts
C5 – Wealth
C6 – Health
The directed graph is drawn with the expert opinion where C1,
C2,…, C6 are taken as nodes and causalities as edges is given in
fig.2.1
According to the experts opinion, Making the dear one happy
and being with them is related to the enjoyment and pleasure
activity. Enjoyment and pleasure activities is related to the
health because if you healthy only then you can be active.
Making the dear one happy and being with them is also related
to health and spiritual thoughts since every religion say about
love. Wealth is related to enjoyment and pleasure activities and
vice versa. Spiritual thought is related to education, health and
Making the dear one happy and being with them. Education
and achievements will give you wealth.Consider the 6 × 6
causal connection matrix E that represents the causality of
every nodes using FCM is given below
1 2 3 4 5 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
C C C C
0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0
C C
C
C
E C
C
C
C

We discuss the case when the first node that is making the dear
ones happy and being with them is in on state. Since the
percentage response shows that majority of people says making
others happy and being with them is their happiness.
Therefore in this case we allow C1 to pass on E.
Input the vector  1 0 0 0 0 0A 
 
0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 0
= 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0
A E
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 0 1 0 0 1 1
= A1
A1 E  1 1 1 0 1 1
= A2
A2 E  1 1 1 1 1 1 = A3
A3 E  1 1 1 1 1 1
C1
C6
C5 C4
C3
C2

ISSN: 2278-2419
46
Thus the hidden pattern is found out using FCM. When we
allow the first node is in on state and allow it to pass on E, we
get all the nodes in on state. This gives us a conclusion that
when we make the others happy automatically all other
enjoyment and pleasure, education and achievements, spiritual
thoughts, wealth and health is becoming on state. Thus using
FCM we have found out the key motive of happiness with the
help of experts opinion.
IV. CONCLUSION
Happiness buys success. Happiness is a solution for lot of
social problems like violence, breaking of rules, terrorism and
so on. People without happiness will be selfish and disturb
others happiness also. The key motive of development is
happiness. We can see from the data, the key motive of
happiness is living with their loved one and making them
happy, the word dear one includes friends, family and life
partner. Secondly the achievements plays a vital role in
happiness, every person wants to make their name to be written
in the history. They consider the sustainability of their names
and the fame as happiness. Most people don’t understand the
scientific facts about how they derive happiness, so they don’t
know how to use their money to acquire it. Experiences more
than items. Leisure pursuits increase happiness, people who
watch a lot of television are lacking in better sources of
happiness, such as relationships and other leisure pursuits; that
is, people watch television if they don't have anything better to
do. The effect of happiness helps you to forget stress and give
you confidence to walk towards your achievement. And
finally you will reach the ultimate aim of peace of mind and
satisfaction in life. “Happiness comes from giving, not getting.
If we try hard to bring happiness to others, we cannot stop it
from coming to us also. Happiness is a key motive of
development of a country. Every nation wants to make their
country as developed. But less nations care about the happiness
of their people. Instead of giving much important to the
economic growth of the nation if you give important to find the
key motive of happiness of people in the country, the country
can achieve its goal very quick and easily. Therefore the future
study can be done in finding the key motive of happiness in
every country and combining those using CFCMs (Combined
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps) to get the universal key motive of
happiness. And this area can be studied using BAM
(Bidirectional Associative Memory) to get the Bidirectional
Happiness among nations.
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[7] Dr. Gerald J. Calais;”Fuzzy Cognitive Maps theory:Implications for
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[8] John Helliwell and Richard Layard;”Historic Un conference on
Happiness”, 11th
April 2012
[9] GeorgeMackerron;”LSE Researcher describes Happiness”, 2Dec2011,
www.mappiness.org.uk.
[10] Lauren Berlant;”Sex in the event of happiness”.12th
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[11] The journal of marriage and family; 18th
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[12] Victor Marie Hugo;”Han d’Islande”’1823.
[13] King Jigme Singye;”Gross National Happiness”, 1972.

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