A timeline for embedded Linux
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This document presents a timeline for the development of embedded Linux from 1995 to the present day. It discusses early milestones like Busybox in 1995 and the Linux Router Project in 1997. It covers the growth of embedded Linux in devices like network cameras, PDAs, mobile phones, and WiFi routers. Key organizations that contributed to embedded Linux are also mentioned, such as MontaVista, Lineo, Denx, and projects like Buildroot and Yocto Project that made embedded Linux development easier. The document concludes that embedded Linux is now the default operating system, with installations in over 250 million devices annually.
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A timeline for embedded Linux
- 1. A timeline for embedded Linux Chris Simmonds 2net Ltd. 30th April 2014 Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 1 / 26
- 2. License These slides are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license. You can read the full text of the license here http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode You are free to • copy, distribute, display, and perform the work • make derivative works • make commercial use of the work Under the following conditions • Attribution: you must give the original author credit • Share Alike: if you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one (i.e. include this page exactly as it is) • For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work The orginals are at http://2net.co.uk/slides/csimmonds-embedded-linux-timeline-2014.pdf Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 2 / 26
- 3. About Chris Simmonds • Consultant and trainer • Working with embedded Linux since 1999 • Android since 2009 • Speaker at many conferences and workshops "Looking after the Inner Penguin" blog at http://2net.co.uk/ https://uk.linkedin.com/in/chrisdsimmonds/ https://google.com/+chrissimmonds Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 3 / 26
- 4. The early days: 1995 to 1999 • By 1995 Linux was already attracting attention beyond desktop and server • It just needed a few more steps to make it a real contender... Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 4 / 26
- 5. Making Linux small 1995 Busybox: a collection of command-line utilities Created by Bruce Perens so that he could put the Debian installer on to a single 1.44 MiB floppy disk Also ideal for embedded devices with limited storage Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 5 / 26
- 6. The Linux Router Project 1997 The Linux Router Project (LRP): Dave Cinege used Busybox to create a Linux distribution on a floppy disk that turns a PC into a router 1998 David Täht and Greg Retkowski publish the "Arlan Wireless Howto" The first embedded Linux wireless router Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 6 / 26
- 7. Making the Linux code portable 1995: MIPS 1996: m68k, ppc 1998: uClinux for m68k Dragonball on 3Com Palm Pilot 1999: ARM Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 7 / 26
- 8. Flash memory 1999 David Woodhouse begins work on the Memory Technology Devices (MTD) layer Axis create a robust file system for the flash memory in the AXIS 2100 Network Camera. It was called JFFS (Journaling Flash File System) Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 8 / 26
- 9. Things start to happen: 1999 • The first products based on Embedded Linux appear • Embedded Linux software companies emerge Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 9 / 26
- 10. Things start to happen: 1999 AXIS 2100 Network Camera TiVo DVR Kerbango Internet radio Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 10 / 26
- 11. Professional help 1996: Timesys 1999: MontaVista 1999: Lineo 1999: Denx Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 11 / 26
- 12. Linux goes mobile: 2000 to 2005 • From early beginnings hacking on mobile hardware to a full mobile operating system Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 12 / 26
- 13. handhelds.org 2000 handhelds.org was a focus for porting Linux to a variety of portable devices, starting with the Compaq iPAQ H3600 iPaq running X11 The build cluster Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 13 / 26
- 14. The unobtainium 2001 Project Mercury at Compaq put together a prototype mobile handset nicknamed the "Unobtainium" iPaq 3600 GSM/CDMA/802.11b/Bluetooth 640x480 camera 1 GiB of storage on an IBM Microdrive Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 14 / 26
- 15. Zaurus 2001 Sharp create the Zaurus SL-5000D PDA running Linux 2.4.10 (provided by Lineo) Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 15 / 26
- 16. Motorola handsets 2003 Motorola A 760 handset (MontaVista Linux) Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 16 / 26
- 17. Nokia 2005 Nokia 770 Internet Tablet running Maemo Linux Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 17 / 26
- 18. Embedded Linux gets easier: 2001 onwards • Move away from RYO (Roll Your Own) embedded Linux distributions Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 18 / 26
- 19. Embedded Linux build tools 2001 Buildroot emerges from the uClinux/uClibc project 2003 OpenEmbedded Project is born, creating a common build system and code base for Familiar Linux, OpenZaurus and OpenSIMpad 2004 OpenedHand employee Richard Purdie creates Poky Linux based on OpenEmbedded 2010 Intel spin off Poky Linux, acquired as part of OpenedHand, as the Yocto Project Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 19 / 26
- 20. Continuing the router story: 2002 onwards • Linux becomes accepted in consumer WiFi routers Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 20 / 26
- 21. The WRG54G and OpenWrt 2002: December: Linksys release the WRT54G 2003: July Linksys post GPL source components of the WRT54G firmware 2004: OpenWRT project starts 2004 onwards: a large proportion of WiFi routers run Linux Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 21 / 26
- 22. Real-time: 1998 to present day • Sometimes, real-world events require a deterministic response • Early versions of Linux were not very good at real-time Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 22 / 26
- 23. Sub-kernels 1998: FSMLabs RTLinux 1999: DIAPM RTAI 2001: Xenomai 2002: DIAPM Adeos/RTAI Patents FSMLabs patented techniques used in both RTLinux and RTAI (associated with interrupt dispatching) Adeos "nano kernel" implemented a different method, resolving the patent issue (probably) Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 23 / 26
- 24. Native real-time 2000: Timesys launch Linux/RT 1.0 2000: voluntary preempt patch (Ingo Molnar and Andrew Morton) 2001: kernel preemption patch (Robert Love) 2003: Linux 2.6 includes voluntary preempt and kernel preemption patches 2005: PREEMPT_RT kernel patch (Ingo Molnar, Thomas Gleixner and others) 2013: PREEMPT_RT still not in mainline kernel Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 24 / 26
- 25. Where are we today? Android has 1.5 million activations per day, installed base 900 million 250 million set top boxes and smart TVs per annum 200 million WiFi routers per annum Embedded Linux is the default OS Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 25 / 26
- 26. • Any questions? Slides on Slide Share: slideshare.net/ Expanded timeline at http://2net.co.uk/embedded-history Chris Simmonds (2net Ltd.) A timeline for embedded Linux 30th April 2014 26 / 26