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A (very) opinionated guide to MSBuild and Project Files
- 1. Things (I think) you should know about project files and MSBuildDavid Wengier Developer - .NET Project System Microsoft @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier
- 2. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier What is a Project System? Project System Test Explorer MSBuild VS API (DTE) Debugger Solution Explorer Compiler
- 3. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier What is a project file?
- 4. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier A project file is an MSBuild file.
- 5. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier Legacy vs SDK-style
- 6. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <TargetFramework>net472</TargetFramework> </PropertyGroup> </Project> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Project ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"> <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)$(MSBuildToolsVersion)Microsoft.Common.props" Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)$(MSBuildToolsVersion)Microsoft.Common.props ')" /> <PropertyGroup> <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration> <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform> <ProjectGuid>{6656A70A-50E8-40A0-996B-81489FB455BE}</ProjectGuid> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <RootNamespace>ConsoleApp9</RootNamespace> <AssemblyName>ConsoleApp9</AssemblyName> <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.7.2</TargetFrameworkVersion> <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment> <AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>true</AutoGenerateBindingRedirects> <Deterministic>true</Deterministic> </PropertyGroup> <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "> <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget> <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols> <DebugType>full</DebugType> <Optimize>false</Optimize> <OutputPath>binDebug</OutputPath> <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants> <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport> <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel> </PropertyGroup> <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "> <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget> <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType> <Optimize>true</Optimize> <OutputPath>binRelease</OutputPath> <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants> <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport> <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <Reference Include="System" /> <Reference Include="System.Core" /> <Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq" /> <Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions" /> <Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" /> <Reference Include="System.Data" /> <Reference Include="System.Net.Http" /> <Reference Include="System.Xml" /> </ItemGroup> <ItemGroup> <Compile Include="Program.cs" /> <Compile Include="PropertiesAssemblyInfo.cs" /> </ItemGroup> <ItemGroup> <None Include="App.config" /> </ItemGroup> <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)Microsoft.CSharp.targets" /> </Project>
- 8. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <TargetFramework>net472</TargetFramework> </PropertyGroup> </Project> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Project ToolsVersion="15.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"> <Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)$(MSBuildToolsVersion)Microsoft.Common.props" Condition="Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)$(MSBuildToolsVersion)Microsoft.Common.props ')" /> <PropertyGroup> <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration> <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform> <ProjectGuid>{6656A70A-50E8-40A0-996B-81489FB455BE}</ProjectGuid> <OutputType>Exe</OutputType> <RootNamespace>ConsoleApp9</RootNamespace> <AssemblyName>ConsoleApp9</AssemblyName> <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.7.2</TargetFrameworkVersion> <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment> <AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>true</AutoGenerateBindingRedirects> <Deterministic>true</Deterministic> </PropertyGroup> <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "> <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget> <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols> <DebugType>full</DebugType> <Optimize>false</Optimize> <OutputPath>binDebug</OutputPath> <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants> <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport> <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel> </PropertyGroup> <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "> <PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget> <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType> <Optimize>true</Optimize> <OutputPath>binRelease</OutputPath> <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants> <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport> <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <Reference Include="System" /> <Reference Include="System.Core" /> <Reference Include="System.Xml.Linq" /> <Reference Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions" /> <Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" /> <Reference Include="System.Data" /> <Reference Include="System.Net.Http" /> <Reference Include="System.Xml" /> </ItemGroup> <ItemGroup> <Compile Include="Program.cs" /> <Compile Include="PropertiesAssemblyInfo.cs" /> </ItemGroup> <ItemGroup> <None Include="App.config" /> </ItemGroup> <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)Microsoft.CSharp.targets" /> </Project>
- 10. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier How does MSBuild work? You can ignore this bit if you already know.
- 11. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier The biggest simplification ever: public class Project { public Dictionary<string, string> Properties { get; set; } public Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> Items { get; set; } }
- 12. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier The biggest simplification ever, cont: <Project> <PropertyGroup> <Foo>Bar</Foo> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <Compile Include="Main.cs“ MyMetadata="Zam" /> </ItemGroup> </Project> <Project> <PropertyGroup> <Foo>Baz</Foo> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <Compile Update="Main.cs" MyMetadata="Zim" /> </ItemGroup> </Project>
- 13. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier The biggest simplification ever, cont: <Project> <PropertyGroup> <Foo>Baz</Foo> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <Compile Update="Main.cs" MyMetadata="Zim" /> </ItemGroup> </Project> <Project> <PropertyGroup> <Foo>Bar</Foo> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <Compile Include="Main.cs" MyMetadata="Zam" /> </ItemGroup> </Project>
- 14. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier Code reuse in project files
- 15. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier Better package references
- 19. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier VS Build logging
- 21. @davidwengier twitch.tv/davidwengier In summary: • Project files are MSBuild files • Project files are code • Code reuse (Import) • Separation of concerns (Import, Include vs Update) • Order is important • Use /pp or /bl to see what is going on • Stuff we didn’t cover: • Function calls (Tasks) • Variables (properties) • Conditionals (condition)