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Editor's Notes

• #2: This being said, time for a deeper dive. As per usual, everything starts with understanding what exactly we are talking about, what are the benefits and how it is all evolving and impacting organizations in real life.
• #9: Interoperability: The ability of machines, devices, sensors, and people to connect and communicate with each other via the Internet of Things (IoT) or the Internet of People (IoP) Information transparency: The ability of information systems to create a virtual copy of the physical world by enriching digital plant models with sensor data. This requires the aggregation of raw sensor data to higher-value context information. Technical assistance: First, the ability of assistance systems to support humans by aggregating and visualizing information comprehensibly for making informed decisions and solving urgent problems on short notice. Second, the ability of cyber physical systems to physically support humans by conducting a range of tasks that are unpleasant, too exhausting, or unsafe for their human co-workers. Decentralized decisions: The ability of cyber physical systems to make decisions on their own and to perform their tasks as autonomously as possible. Only in the case of exceptions, interferences, or conflicting goals, are tasks delegated to a higher level.
• #11: According to Dais, "it is highly likely that the world of production will become more and more networked until everything is interlinked with everything else". While this sounds like a fair assumption and the driving force behind the Internet of Things, it also means that the complexity of production and supplier networks will grow enormously. Networks and processes have so far been limited to one factory. But in an Industry 4.0 scenario, these boundaries of individual factories will most likely no longer exist. Instead, they will be lifted in order to interconnect multiple factories or even geographical regions.
• #12: Challenges in implementation of Industry 4.0: IT security issues, which are greatly aggravated by the inherent need to open up those previously closed production shops Reliability and stability needed for critical machine-to-machine communication (M2M), including very short and stable latency times Need to maintain the integrity of production processes Need to avoid any IT snags, as those would cause expensive production outages Need to protect industrial know how (contained also in the control files for the industrial automation gear) Lack of adequate skill-sets to expedite the march towards fourth industrial revolution Threat of redundancy of the corporate IT department General reluctance to change by stakeholders Loss of many jobs to automatic processes and IT-controlled processes, especially for lower educated parts of society Low top management commitment Unclear legal issues and data security Unclear economic benefits/ Excessive investment Lack of regulation, standard and forms of certifications Insufficient qualification of employees
• #13: Proponents of the term claim Industry 4.0 will af fect many areas, most notably: Services and business models Reliability and continuous productivity IT security: Companies like Symantec, Cisco, and Penta Security have already begun to address the issue of IoT security Machine safety Product lifecycles Industry value chain Workers' education and skills Socio-economic factors Industry Demonstration: To help industry understand the impact of Industry 4.0, Cincinnati Mayor John Cranley , signed a proclamation to state "Cincinnati to be Industry 4.0 Demonstration City". An article published in February 2016 suggests that Industry 4.0 may have a beneficial effects for emerging economies such as India.
• #14: From both strategic and technological perspectives, the Industry 4.0 roadmap visualizes every further step on the route towards an entirely digital enterprise. In order to achieve success in the digital transformation process, it is necessary to prepare the technology roadmap in the most accurate way. In today’s business, Industry 4.0 is driven by digital transformation in vertical/horizontal value chains and product/service offerings of the companies. The required key technologies for Industry 4.0 transformation such as artificial intelligence, internet of things, machine learning, cloud systems, cybersecurity, adaptive robotics cause radical changes in the business processes of organizations.