accessanduseinternet-210614090841.pptxaccessanduseinternet-210614090841.accessanduseinternet-210614090841.pptx

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Internet Basic

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Network:What is Network?
Network
It is a collection of computers and peripheral devices connected by
communication links that allow the network components to work
together.
1. Computers: A group of interconnected (via cable and/or wireless)
computers and peripherals that is capable of sharing software and
hardware resource between many users.
The Internet is a global network of networks.
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2. Communications: A system that enables users of telephones or
data communications lines to exchange information over long distances by
connecting with each other through a system of routers, servers, switches,
and the like.
Importance of Networking
 Resource sharing (data and equipment)
 High reliability by having alternative sources of supply
 Money Saving
 Increase system performance
 Powerful Communication medium among widely separated people

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Hardware requirement
 Computers
 Network Interface Card/Network Adapter Card & Modem
 Cable with their Connector
 Others (Know how)
 Computers:
A minimum of two computers is required to establish a computer
network

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 Network Interface Card/Network Adapter Card & Modem
 It is an expansion card that physically connects a computer to
the network
 Each computer in the network must have a network card
 It takes the data from the computer’s internal bus and converts
it into standard packets of information that it then sends along
the cable
 Cable with their Connector
 A medium that used to connect the computers and peripherals physically
 A connector (RJ 45 & RJ 11) that allows the cable to connect with the pc
physically

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Others (Know how)
A required knowledge in order to Use a network
Network:
Types of Network
 Based on the geographical span of coverage computer networks are
broadly classified into three major categories.
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)

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 Local Area Network(LAN)
 It is the basic building block of any computer network
 It is confined in a limited geographical area
E.g. :- Lab, School or building
Characteristics of LAN
 Physically limited
 Inexpensive cable media (Co-axial or twisted pair)
 Used for data and hardware sharing

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 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Covers large geographic areas
 It use fiber optic cables
E.g.: - Colleges, Universities , Banks etc…

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 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Computer in a network are situated
in a wider geographical area.
 Communication is established
through telephone lines. Microwave
links and satellites etc…
 It has no geographical limit, is made
up of a number of interconnected
LANs.
E.g. The “Internet”.
9

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The type of Network you choose to implement depends on
 Size of the organization
 Level of Security required
 Level of administrative support available
 Amount of Network traffic
 Needs of the network use
 Network budget

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3. Connects LANs in city or town
2. Network in limited geographical area such as
home or office building.
1. Collection of computers and devices connected via
communications devices and transmission media
4. Network that covers large geographic area using
many types of media
5. What is the world’s largest WAN ?
ACTIVITY 1 (Question & Answer session)
Network
LAN
MAN
WAN
Internet

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Internet:What is Internet?
What is Internet?
 The internet is the global connection of computers. It is just the network
of networks.
 There are different kinds of networks from those internet uses the Wide
Area Network (WAN) type.
 The computers in this network are connected via a huge network of
telecommunication links.
 The internet allows you to access a whole resource of data and
information stored at different sites (called hosts or servers) and
locations all around the world
Internet

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The Communication links that interconnect each host computer use a
common method of transmission known as TCP/IP which stands for
transmission control protocol/internet protocol.
How did the Internet Evolve?
Internet was developed by the ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency)
proposed by Paul bran to protect the US air force from a nuclear strike.
After implementing the network, it was called as ARPANET (the Advanced
Research Project Agency Network) and used by the US military and US
universities

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Service of the internet
Internet: Service of Internet
 E-mail (Electronic Mail) - permits the sending and receiving of messages to
other users connected to the internet.
 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - a means of sending and receiving files from
computer to another.
 WWW (World Wide Web) - accessed using a web browser such as Internet
Explorer or Netscape Navigator, Google chrome, Firefox and etc is a means of
locating and displaying information located on the internet.
 E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) - Through the internet you can
shop for various products and pay through your credit card.

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How Does the Internet Work?
The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating
with each other to exchange data using a common software standard.
Through telephone wires and satellite links, Internet users can share
information in a variety of forms.
The size, scope and design of the Internet allows users to:
 connect easily through ordinary personal computers and local phone
numbers;
 exchange electronic mail (E-mail) with friends and colleagues with
accounts on the Internet;
 post information for others to access, and update it frequently;
 access multimedia information that includes sound, photographic images
and even video; and
 access diverse perspectives from around the world.

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 In addition to text documents, the Internet makes available graphics files
(digitized photographs and artwork), and even files that contain
digitized sound and video.
 Through the Internet, you can download software, participate in
interactive forums where users post and respond to public messages,
and even join "chats," in which you and other users type (and, in some
cases, speak) messages that are received by the chat participants
instantly.
What Kinds of Information are Available
16

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How Do People Use the Internet?
Obviously, the Internet can bring you a whole host of capabilities. But how can they
be put to practical use?
 Among the ways that users like yourself are taking advantage of the Internet are:
Sharing research and business data among colleagues and like-minded individuals.
Communicating with others and transmitting files via E-mail.
 Requesting and providing assistance with problems and questions.
 Marketing and publicize products and services.
 Gathering valuable feedback and suggestions from customers and business
partners.
 The Internet's potential is limited only by users' vision and creativity. And as the
Internet grows, new and innovative uses will surely follow.

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 Internet Connection
Internet:
Options for internet connections
 Telephone line
 Cable television line
 Personal satellite link
 Wireless or cell phone service
 Special high-speed telephone services
Software
Any web browser like:- Internet Explorer, Mozilla fire fox, Netscape
Navigator and etc…
Compatible Operating System with the browser. Example - Windows XP.

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Others
A telephone Connection
A TCP/IP account with internet service provider (ISP). Currently in Ethiopia, the
Ethiopian Telecommunication Corporation is the internet Provider in Ethiopia.
Internet:
What is an ISP?
 To access to the Internet you do not typically connect your computer directly to
the backbone. Instead you connect to an ISP which is connected to the backbone.
Note:-TCP/IP is language that the computers use to communicate with
each other.

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 An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company that maintains Internet
computers and telecommunications equipment in order to provide Internet
access to businesses, organizations and individuals (for which they pay a monthly
fee, sometimes also an installation fee, technical support fee …)
Internet: ISP

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Local and national ISP
 Local ISP usually supplies Internet access within a limited geographical area.
 A national ISP supplies access for customers spread throughout a large
geographical area.
Select an ISP according to different factors
 Geographical coverage: the ISP should provide service in the places that you
typically use your computer.
 Type of service: each ISP can be specialized in only one type of
service/internet connection.

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 Quality of service: it will also depend on the type of internet connection, but
the ISP can give you a minimum level of quality
 (e.g. with a cable connection, if all your neighbors use the same pipe, the speed
will not be the same if all of them are connected at the same time or if you are
connected alone)
 Cost of monthly service: the ISP usually charges monthly fees for the service,
but they can have rate plans according to a limited number of hours or a limited
amount of data downloaded/uploaded.
 Cost of equipment and installation: also important to know the total cost
of the internet connection (e.g. a modem can be relatively inexpensive but a
satellite installation can cost several hundreds of dollars)

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 Extra services: an ISP typically provides a connection to the internet and an e-
mail account, but now is more and more common that they offer extra services
such as multiple e-mail accounts, online data storage, facilities to create your own
website, online or free antivirus …
 Customer service: most ISPs are prepared to answer customer’s questions
over the phone or via e-mail.The time it takes to get a response can be the key to
choose or disregard the ISP.
To communicate with an ISP, your computer uses some type of communications
device, such as a modem.A modem contains circuitry that converts the data-carrying
signals from your computer to signals that can travel over various communications
channels.The kind of modem you use depends on whether you are connecting to a
dial-up, wireless, cable, satellite, or DSL Internet service.

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NSP: (Network service provider): The Internet backbone consists of high-speed
fiber-optic links connecting high-capacity routers that direct network traffic.
Backbone links and routers are maintained by network service providers
(NSPs), such as AT&T, BritishTelecom, Deutsche Telekom, Sprint, andVerizon.
NSPs supply Internet connections to large Internet service providers, such as
EarthLink,AOL,AT&T, and Comcast
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that offers Internet access to
individuals, businesses, and smaller ISPs.

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What is a URL
A uniform resource locator (URL) is a means of specifying the path name for any
resource on the internet. Resources and files available through the www are
identified using URLs. URL represents a standardized scheme for the internet
resources and help users locate these resources.
A URL consists of three parts:
A protocol part
A host part
A document part
The basic structure of a URL is hierarchical and the hierarchy moves from left to right
Protocol://server-name.domain-name.file-name

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Example:
http://www.microsoft.com
URL is read as “http colon slash slash www dot Microsoft dot com”
Domain Name: is a way to identify and locate computers connected to the internet
No two organizations can have same domain name
Example - Maryhelpcollege.com, cnn.com, bbcnews.com, telecom.net.et etc…
http – represents the protocol part
www – represents the server name
Microsoft.com – is the domain name
A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of
administrative autonomy, authority, or control in the Internet. Domain names
are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS).

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Abbreviation Meaning
Ac Academic
Co Company
Com Commercial
Edu Educational
Gov Government
Mil Military
Net Large Internet Service Provider
org Non – Profit organization
Internet:
Some Common Abbreviations for the type of organization

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WorldWide Web(3W)
Internet:
The Web is one of the services that runs on the Internet. It is a collection of text
documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs, usually accessed by
Web browsers from Web servers
Web Page
HTTP
HypertextTransfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed,
collaborative, hypermedia information systems.[1]
HTTP is the foundation of data
communication for the World Wide Web.The HTTP protocol is designed to permit
intermediate network elements to improve or enable communications between
clients and servers.
A web page or webpage is a document or information resource that is suitable for
the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser and displayed on a
monitor or mobile device.
This information is usually in HTML or XHTML format

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Web Site
Internet:
 is a set of related web pages containing
content (media), including text, video,
music, audio, images, etc.
 A website is hosted on at least one
web server,
 All publicly accessible websites collectively
constitute the World Wide Web.

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Internet:
Most Common Types of Internet Connections
The most common forms of internet connections are the DSL, Analogue (dial-up),
Satellite and Cable.
Dial-Up connections - To 'Dial-up' you will need a phone-line, modem, and ISP.A few
US ISP's include AOL, NetZero, Juno, and others.They operate at speeds of 14.4Kbit,
28.8Kbit, or 56Kbit download.
A dial-up connection is a fixed Internet connection that uses a voice band modem
and telephone lines to transport data between your computer and your ISP

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DSL – (Digital Subscriber Line.)
Internet:
is a high-speed, digital, always-on, Internet access technology that runs over
standard phone lines. It is one of the fastest Internet connections that’s affordable to
individual consumers.
A DSL modem plugs into your
computer’s USB or Ethernet port.
DSL Equipment

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Internet:
Cable - Cable internet is connected through the coaxial cables that you would
normally use for cable TV. It is very fast,

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Wireless Internet Connections
 Wireless broadband (Wireless Internet Connections ). Instead of using cable
networks for your Internet connection,WIC uses radio frequency .
 Wireless Internet can be accessed from anywhere as long as your WIFI adaptor is
located within a network coverage area.
 It also provides an always-on connection and it is still considered to be relatively
new.
Internet:

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Satellite
Internet:
 IoS(Internet over Satellite) allows a user to access the Internet via a
geostationary satellite that orbits the earth
 A geostationary satellite is a type of satellite placed at a fixed position above the
earth's surface.
 Because of the large distances between home and satellite, signals must travel
from the earth up to the satellite and back again

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Satellite Connection
Internet:

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Internet Explorer Basics
Internet:
Information on the internet is mainly accessed using browsers like Microsoft internet explorer.
1) Title bar – displays the name of the web page that is currently accessed.
2) Menu bar – contains drop – down menus, which are used for different purpose.
3) Program Icon – is the Microsoft internet explorer sign, which is animated
while downloading a page.
4) Standard toolbar – contains shortcuts to most frequently used menus.
5) Address bar – is used to type the address (URL) of a site it also displays the address of
the page that is currently browsed
6) Status bar – shows what the browser is currently doing.
7) Body of the document – a place where you access the information

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Internet:

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Internet:
Search Engine
Are used for searching the internet for information or pictures. For example, you
may need to find information about surfing the internet safely.All you need to do is
to go to the engine and give a keyword of the topic you are interested in finding
information for
For example
 Google,

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Internet:
 Yahoo
 MSN

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Internet:
 LYCOS
 AltaVista

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Basic Search Queries
Simple queries involve you specifying a keyword or multiple keywords. The more
specific you can be the better choosing words carefully
Search by Keyword
Keyword searching is popular where you are looking for specific information. As an
example, let say you want to find out when the war of Adwa took place. The key
words could be “war” and “Adwa”
Keywords and the AND/OR operator
Example 1 War and Adwa

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This will restrict the search so that the two keywords (war and Adwa) must occur
in each returned article.
Example 2
 Car or automobile
The search engine will display information that match either of the two keywords
( car or automobile)
Internet:

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By phrase (“ ”)
Putting quotes around a set of words will only find results that match the
words in the exact sequence.
Example - “Vegetation in Ethiopia”
Using A NOT operator
Combining search items with the NOT operator narrows a search by
excluding unwanted items
Example - Gambling not Lottery
Cats not Dogs
Internet:

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 E-mail
Internet:
 E-mail is a way of sending messages between users over the internet. Each user
must have an e-mail address. E-mail provides a fast, cheap and convenient means
of sending and receiving messages between individuals and groups.
An e-mail Address
There are three elements
 A user Identifier
 Usually known as sign in name, user name and login name, etc…
 A separator character
 @ (at sign)
 A site name or domain name


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Ayele.abera – User identifier (user name)
@ - separator character
Telecome.net.et – the e-mail service provider
Internet:
USER IDs AND PASSWORDS
User IDs and passwords are designed to provide access to authorized users and
prevent unauthorized access.
 User ID: series of characters (letters and numbers) that becomes a person’s
unique identifier.
 Password: different series of characters that verifies the UserID, like the PIN
(personal identification number) verifies your identity at your cellphone
User ID: representative word for the user and easy to remember for those that you
will share (e.g. email address should be representative of your name)
E.g Jhon@gmail.com
 smith@yahoo.com
 Jhon@hotmail.com

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Password:
 Try to use both numbers and letters;
 Select a password that is a sequence of characters that you can remember but is
difficult for someone else to guess;
 Change your password if you are assigned a “starter” password or you think
someone discovered it
Choose your own credentials - TIPS
 Password:
 Do NOT select a password that can be found in a dictionary;
 Do NOT use your name, nickname, social security number, birth date or name of
a close relative;
 Do NOT write your password where it is easy to find (e.g. under the keyboard is
the first place that a password thie will look)
Internet:

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Internet:
Self Check
1) What is internet?
2) What are the services of internet?
3) What is e-mail and the use of e-mail?
4) What are the components of (hardware and software) required
for internet connection?
5) What is search engine? Give some examples of search engine?

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1.Which of the following is not a browser name?
a. Firefox
b. Internet Explorer
c. Adventurer
d. Chrome
Self Check
Internet:
2.What does DSL mean?
a. Digital Signal Logic
b. Darn Speedy Linkup
c. DOS Storage Locator
d. Digital Subscriber Line debbii
3.Where was the World Wide Web started?
a. In the United States debbii
b. In Zimbabwe
c. In Switzerland
d. Moscow, Russia

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4.What type of Web site would use the extension .com?
Internet:
a. Common
b. Computer
c. Commercial
d. Command
5.To access the Internet, you need _____.
a. A CPU
b. Hypertext transfer protocol
c. A digital subscriber line
d. An internet service provider debbii
6.What is a modem?
a. A shortcut stored in your browser that takes you directly to a webpage
b. Hardware or software that protects a computer or network from intruders
c. A software program that lets you surf the web and interact with web sites
d. A device that lets your computer send and receive data from other computers

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Thank you
for your attention!!!

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