acute diarrhea.pdf.pdf.hnsndkdkknznnsmsjjs
- 1. DIARRHEA DIARRHEA IS LOOSELY DEFINED AS PASSAGE OF ABNORMALLY LIQUID OR UNFORMED STOOLS AT AN INCREASED FREQUENCY(>3-4/D) OR. FOR ADULTS ON A TYPICAL WESTERN DIET, STOOL WEIGHT >200 G/D CAN GENERALLY BE CONSIDERED AS DIARRHEA. by sachin 84 Mimics of Diarrhea Pseudodiarrhea. : the frequent passage of small volumes of stool, is often associated with rectal urgency, tenesmus, or a feeling of incomplete evacuation, and accompanies IBS. Fecal incontinence. : is the involuntary discharge of rectal contents and is most often caused by neuromuscular disorders or structural anorectal problems. Overflow diarrhea: may occur in nursing home patients due to fecal impaction that is readily detectable by rectal examination. may be further defined as acute if <2 weeks, persistent if 2-4 weeks, and chronic if >4 weeks in duration.
- 2. EPIDEMIOLOGY Diarrhea and constipation both are extreme problems in comunity These both one of the cause for mortality and morbidity in worldwide <world wide > 1 billion individuals sufferig acute diarrhea every year ~5000 die primarily elderly ~ more risk for transmission of diarrhoea low ses poor hygine open defication mainly 4f’s feaces, food, flies, fingers
- 3. primary function of the intestine is digestion ,asimalaation of nutrients from food,and absorption of water and electrolytes on average 9l fluid entering to git excrete about 0.2 l 99 % absorption in intestine and colon reabsorption of protein, electrolytes, and glucose by protein transporter,Sglut1, and glut2 respectively these maintains osmotic gradient Gc: gaunalate Cyclades activates camp/cgmp intern help in cl^ and 3Na-2k exchange NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
- 4. TODAY, YOU WILL LEARN classification and types of diarrhea etiology, pathogenesis, signs, symptoms and complications Steps to aproach history taking. investigation diagnosis and overview of management
- 5. inflammatory diarrhea TYPES OF DIARRHEA fatty diarrhea osmotic diarrhea secretory diarrhea Characters: frequent small volume bloody stool and may accompanied tenesmus, fever and abdominal pain It is suggested by h/o weight loss greasy or bulky stools that are difficult to flush Watery diarhea Osmotic diarhea due ingestion of poorly absorbed ions or sugars Secretary due to disruption of epithelial electrolyte transport
- 6. chronic Acute diarrhea CLASSIFICATION OF DIARRHEA Lasting <2 weeks 90% caused by infectious agent c/o vomiting , fever, ab pain remaing 10% caused by medication, toxic ingestion, ishemia, Lasting for > 4wks due to underline pathology c/o Bacterial:ecoli,sigella,c.jejani viral:rotavirus, noravirus parasitic:e.hystolytica,giardia, medication:antacids,laxatives,amoxicillin cefalosporin metformin,methotrexate, toxin : bact & viral toxins chemical toxin:op poisonou,mercury Fatty diarhea: malabsorption syndrome:whippels&celiac short bowel syndrome Inflammatory: ibd clostidium deficile tb
- 7. travellers diarrhea consumers of certain foods immunodeficient individuals day care attendies institutionali zed people caused by :sigella ,ecoli salmonella, noravirus, giardia Contaminated food infection: from uncooked burger , rice,salmonella ,sigella, cl.difficile primaryimmunodefi ciency: iga defi secondary : aids Sigella, rota,giardia Cl.defficile HIGH RISK INDIVIDUALS
- 8. BACTERIAL NEURONAL PARASITIC VIRAL TOXIC DRUG INDUCED ETIOLOGY Ecoli sigella salmonella cl.defficile rota v nora v corona HIV E.hystolytica hook worm Mercury arsenic Metformin amox laxative
- 9. PATHOGENESIS OF BACTERIAL DIARRHEA Vibrio c:c/o sudden onset ofrice watery stool , fever vomiting, etec: watery stool , fever
- 10. C/o bloody , mucous Diarrhea complication : hus
- 11. PATHOGENESIS OF VIRAL DIARRHEA
- 12. PATHOGENESIS OF PARASITIC DIARRHEA
- 13. ASSOCOATION OF THE CLINICAL FEATURES WITH ETIOLOGY
- 14. COMPLICATIONS ETEC&VIBRIO&VIRAL:SEVRDEHYDARATION&WTLOSS LEADS LOW : CO, FEABLE PULSE, HYPOVOLUMIC SHOCK EHEC&SIGELLA: HUS:H.ANEMIA,THROMBOCYTOPINEA &UREMIA.
- 15. APPROACH TO THE CASE