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Advanced
Java Persistence API
Evgeniy Kapinos
www.luxoft.com
What is Java Persistence API ?
JPA - is the specification of the Java API for the management of
persistence and object/relational mapping
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JPA related technologies
EJB
with CMP
EJB 3.0
JPA
1.0 JPA 2.0 JPA 2.1
JDO JDO 2.0
Hibernate
Hibernate
3.2
EE
EE, SE
EE, SE
JSR-
220
JSR-
317
JSR-
338
JSR-
243
2010
2008
1997
2004
JSR-19, JSR-153
JSR-12
2001
Vendors
• Hibernate 3.5
• EclipseLink
• DataNucleus
• Batoo JPA
• Kundera
• ObjectDB
• OpenJPA
• OrientDB
• WebSphere
2007
2009 2013
Vendors
• Hibernate 4.3
• EclipseLink
• DataNucleus
Lightweightalternativeof
www.luxoft.com
How JPA specification has been created ?
 Java Community Process (JCP) established since 1998
- Java Specification Request (JSR)
 Specification: JSR 338: Java™ Persistence API, Version 2.1
 Reference implementation: EclipseLink 2.5.0
 Technology Compatibility Kit: test suite
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Architecture
Entity Manager
Factory
Entity Manager
Persistence
Context
(L1 cache)
Transaction Database
Connection and
mapping
metadata
Entity
Shared cache
(L2 cache)
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Entity
 Starting point: object/relational mapping
- Annotations or XML descriptor
- Syntax - just Google it
- Java to DDL (vise versa) generation
 Result: Java classes, database schema and
mapping meta information
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Entity Manager Factory
 Configuring “persistance.xml” parameters:
- Required: Persistent-Unit name only
- Optional: DB connection parameters, transaction type, mapping
metadata (XML, root jar, list of Classes), persistency-provider properties
 Result: Entity Manager Factory ready for persistence
Entity Manager
Factory
Connection and
mapping
metadata
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Entity Manager & Persistent Context
 Entity manager
- Used by Developer. Manages Entity live-circle (CRUD), JPQL, etc.
- Created by Entity Manager Factory
- Interacts with transactions (create / join)
- Entity keep is delegated to Persistent Context
 SQL Read on demand, but Persistent Context
 SQL Write on “flush()” call
- Session scope, not thread-safe
Entity Manager
Persistence
Context
Entity
Entity Manager
Factory
 Persistent Context
- Accessible by Entity Manager ‘s only
- L1 cache. Identity Set (search with ‘’==“)
- Produces REPETABLE_READ behavior
Transaction
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Entity Manager – create & delete operations
Search in
Persistence Context by
“==“
no equals()/hashCode()
required
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Entity Manager – read operations
REPETABLE_READ
em.find() & JPQL
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Entity Manager – update operation
Dirty check – depends on persistent-provider.
No equals()/hashCode() required.
E.g. Hibernate uses “inspection” strategy by default
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Entity Manager – transaction types
 JPA supports two transaction types
- RESOURSE_LOCAL – transactions created and controlled
by Entity Manager (Java SE & Java EE).
- JTA – transactions created and controlled by Container
(Java EE, JSR-907). Default value.
 Transaction type is defined in “percistance.xml”
- Entity Manager Factory creates Entity Managers
configured for one and only one transaction type
- Simultaneous work with two transaction types is not
supported within one Entity Manager Factory
 Partly transparent for Developer
Entity Manager
Entity Manager
Factory
Resource-local
Entity Manager
JTA
Entity Manager
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Resource-local Entity Manager
Resource-local
Entity Manager
Persistence
Context
Entity Manager
Factory
Entity
Transaction
www.luxoft.com
EJB
JTA Entity Manager (stateless EJB example)
JTA
Entity Manager
Transactional
Persistence
Context
Entity Manager
Factory
Container JTA transaction
EJB
JTA
Entity Manager
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THE END
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Евгений Капинос "Advanced JPA (Java Persistent API)"

  • 2. www.luxoft.com What is Java Persistence API ? JPA - is the specification of the Java API for the management of persistence and object/relational mapping
  • 3. www.luxoft.com JPA related technologies EJB with CMP EJB 3.0 JPA 1.0 JPA 2.0 JPA 2.1 JDO JDO 2.0 Hibernate Hibernate 3.2 EE EE, SE EE, SE JSR- 220 JSR- 317 JSR- 338 JSR- 243 2010 2008 1997 2004 JSR-19, JSR-153 JSR-12 2001 Vendors • Hibernate 3.5 • EclipseLink • DataNucleus • Batoo JPA • Kundera • ObjectDB • OpenJPA • OrientDB • WebSphere 2007 2009 2013 Vendors • Hibernate 4.3 • EclipseLink • DataNucleus Lightweightalternativeof
  • 4. www.luxoft.com How JPA specification has been created ?  Java Community Process (JCP) established since 1998 - Java Specification Request (JSR)  Specification: JSR 338: Java™ Persistence API, Version 2.1  Reference implementation: EclipseLink 2.5.0  Technology Compatibility Kit: test suite
  • 5. www.luxoft.com Architecture Entity Manager Factory Entity Manager Persistence Context (L1 cache) Transaction Database Connection and mapping metadata Entity Shared cache (L2 cache)
  • 6. www.luxoft.com Entity  Starting point: object/relational mapping - Annotations or XML descriptor - Syntax - just Google it - Java to DDL (vise versa) generation  Result: Java classes, database schema and mapping meta information
  • 7. www.luxoft.com Entity Manager Factory  Configuring “persistance.xml” parameters: - Required: Persistent-Unit name only - Optional: DB connection parameters, transaction type, mapping metadata (XML, root jar, list of Classes), persistency-provider properties  Result: Entity Manager Factory ready for persistence Entity Manager Factory Connection and mapping metadata
  • 8. www.luxoft.com Entity Manager & Persistent Context  Entity manager - Used by Developer. Manages Entity live-circle (CRUD), JPQL, etc. - Created by Entity Manager Factory - Interacts with transactions (create / join) - Entity keep is delegated to Persistent Context  SQL Read on demand, but Persistent Context  SQL Write on “flush()” call - Session scope, not thread-safe Entity Manager Persistence Context Entity Entity Manager Factory  Persistent Context - Accessible by Entity Manager ‘s only - L1 cache. Identity Set (search with ‘’==“) - Produces REPETABLE_READ behavior Transaction
  • 9. www.luxoft.com Entity Manager – create & delete operations Search in Persistence Context by “==“ no equals()/hashCode() required
  • 10. www.luxoft.com Entity Manager – read operations REPETABLE_READ em.find() & JPQL
  • 11. www.luxoft.com Entity Manager – update operation Dirty check – depends on persistent-provider. No equals()/hashCode() required. E.g. Hibernate uses “inspection” strategy by default
  • 12. www.luxoft.com Entity Manager – transaction types  JPA supports two transaction types - RESOURSE_LOCAL – transactions created and controlled by Entity Manager (Java SE & Java EE). - JTA – transactions created and controlled by Container (Java EE, JSR-907). Default value.  Transaction type is defined in “percistance.xml” - Entity Manager Factory creates Entity Managers configured for one and only one transaction type - Simultaneous work with two transaction types is not supported within one Entity Manager Factory  Partly transparent for Developer Entity Manager Entity Manager Factory Resource-local Entity Manager JTA Entity Manager
  • 13. www.luxoft.com Resource-local Entity Manager Resource-local Entity Manager Persistence Context Entity Manager Factory Entity Transaction
  • 14. www.luxoft.com EJB JTA Entity Manager (stateless EJB example) JTA Entity Manager Transactional Persistence Context Entity Manager Factory Container JTA transaction EJB JTA Entity Manager