Advanced Motor Control Technologies – Part 1
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This webinar discusses high volume applications of electric motors between 10W-2HP that are used in appliances, tools, fans, pumps and other devices. It covers trends in energy efficiency, including more efficient motor types like permanent magnet brushless motors. The webinar also discusses loss mechanisms in motors and drives, electromagnetic torque production, desirable operation of AC machines, and control methods for brushless and induction motors. There is a question and answer session at the end where attendees can ask the speakers questions.
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Rotating mmf in 3 phase system
• mmf = (Nse/2)[Ia cos + Ib cos ( -120) + Ic cos ( +120 )
mmf = 1.5 (Nse/2)[Is cos (t - )]
• Constant magnitude, smooth rotation
o sinusoidal current & distributed mmf (winding, slots)
• All poly-phase windings produces sin. distributed mmf!!!
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Flux Distaribution Waveform
N N
S S](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2016-03-01part1and2aimee-160304135803/85/Advanced-Motor-Control-Technologies-Part-1-10-320.jpg)
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Advanced Motor Control Technologies – Part 1
- 1. #EEwebinar
- 2. #EEwebinar This webinar will be available afterwards at www.eeworldonline.com & email Q&A at the end of the presentation Hashtag for this webinar: #EEwebinar Before We Start
- 3. #EEwebinar Meet your Speakers MODERATOR FEATURED SPEAKER Dal Y. Ohm President Drivetech, Inc. Aimee Kalnoskas Moderator EE World
- 4. #EEwebinar High Volume Applications of Electric Motors Application Examples • Appliances & Kitchen Tools • Residential Fans and Pumps • Garage Power Tools • Light Industrial Tools • Lawn and Garden Tools • Automotive……. Power: 10W – 2HP Power Source: Battery Pack, DC 5-50V, or 100/200VAC 1-Ph 4
- 5. #EEwebinar Trends in High Volume Motor Applications Energy Efficiency • Induction Motor -> PM Brushless Motor (Rare-Earth) • Gearless Direct Drive • Higher Speed Motor Compact & Low-cost Design • Box -> Combined Mechanical & Electrical Design • Drive & Motor in One Package • Large Scale Integration, Various Microcontrollers • Effective Heat Removal
- 6. #EEwebinar 6 Loss in Motors & Drives • Efficiency = Pout / Pin • Copper Loss (I2R) • Iron Loss (due to magnetic fields) o Hysteresis & Eddy current Loss • Mechanical Loss o Friction, Windage, Fan, Mechanical translators • Stray Loss (Other misc losses not defined above) o Mostly due to slot and teeth flux pulsation harmonics • Drive-related Loss o Switching & Conduction Loss, Control Power, Fan o Harmonics and PWM ripple o Loss due to Non-Optimal Control
- 7. #EEwebinar 7 Energy Efficiency • Power Consumption in Industry - Motors & Drives account for > 2/3 • Overall operational cost ($) o Installation cost o Power Bill ( up to 10 times per year) • Demand charges, Reactive power charges o Maintenance cost and operating life • Mandatory Regulation - Efficiency & Power Factor • How to Improve? o Consider Premium Efficiency Motor Types (PM) o Control Methods
- 8. #EEwebinar 8 Electromagnetic Torque Production Cylindrical Machines Reluctance Machines T = K Ms Mr sin rs T = K Ms2 sin(2rs) S N NS Ms rs Ms S N rs Reaction Torque Reluctance Torque Mr Mr
- 9. #EEwebinar 9 DC and AC Machines • DC Machines o Magnetic Poles fixed in space (Stationary Flux) o Requires Commutator and Brushes • AC Machines o Rotor and stator poles are rotating (Rotating Flux) o PM Synchronous Motors, Reluctance Motors o Induction Motors s = o + r • Tendency to minimize electromagnetic energy • For Consistent Torque Production, o Consistent Angular relation and mmf magnitude o Max torque at 90 deg.
- 10. #EEwebinar 10 Rotating mmf in 3 phase system • mmf = (Nse/2)[Ia cos + Ib cos ( -120) + Ic cos ( +120 ) mmf = 1.5 (Nse/2)[Is cos (t - )] • Constant magnitude, smooth rotation o sinusoidal current & distributed mmf (winding, slots) • All poly-phase windings produces sin. distributed mmf!!! -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Flux Distaribution Waveform N N S S
- 11. #EEwebinar 11 Desirable Operation of AC Machines • Objective of Field Oriented Control (FOC) o Current-generated Flux with rs = 90 o Consistent Flux magnitude • Sinusoidal Flux Distribution • When above conditions do not meet significantly? o Direct IM – Starting, Transient o Inverters – Transient o Commutated Drives – Voltage mode, High speed o Trapezoidal (6-Step) Control
- 12. #EEwebinar 12 Drives for Various Motor Types • Drive Functions o Vary AC or DC Voltage Electronically to control Speed, or Torque o Require Commutation for AC motors • Open-loop o DC motors (PM or Wound) o Induction motors (Direct or Inverters) • Closed-loop with Feedback for Commutation o Brushless PM motors o Induction motors with Field Oriented Control (FOC) • Brushless PM motors - more efficient, compact, high speed! • Performance of Drives affect efficiency!
- 13. #EEwebinar 13 Power Circuit for Motor Drives • 3 Phase Inverter Topology, Bidiretional • Minimum # of Switches and Motor Wires • Optional Regen circuit DC bus + DC bus - AC Motor R Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q7 C Q5 Q6 Rectifier AC
- 14. #EEwebinar 14 . Simple Control of Brushless PM Motors • Add Commutation! o 3 phase sinusoidal voltage (or current) based on rotor angle o 6-step (trapezoidal) control for low-cost drives o Feedback sensor (or sensorless) required o Possible phase delay at high speed (T current) Td Motor & Load AC PWM AmplifierPI(D) * Position sensor Ke + - V* V Commu- tation s e
- 15. #EEwebinar 15 Trapezoidal vs Sinusoidal Control • T Iacos() + Ibcos(-120) + Iccos(+120) • Zero ripple condition cos2() + cos2(-120) + cos2(+120) = 1.5 • All harmonics contributes to loss (ripple & noise) • Trapezoidal commutation for low-cost, low-power motors o Wide angle conduction (> 120 )
- 16. #EEwebinar 16 Current controlled AC drives • AC current controller for o Performs current control & commutation o Multiple PI controllers o higher bw (responsive), good performance at high speed Iabc Motor & Load PWM AmplifierPI * Position Detection Ke + - I* Vabc AC Current Controller s e
- 17. #EEwebinar 17 Traditional Current Control • Hysteresis Control (Fsw is controlled by error band) • Linear Phase Current Control (Fpwm & PI regulator) • Magnitude control 6-Step, No phase control Vb*Commutation Ia* Vc* Ic* Va* Ib*I* + + + - - - -- PI - V* Commu- tation I* I Vabc*
- 18. #EEwebinar Questions? MODERATOR FEATURED SPEAKER Dal Y. Ohm President Drivetech, Inc. [email protected] Aimee Kalnoskas Moderator EE World [email protected] @DW_Aimee
- 19. #EEwebinar This webinar will be available at eeworldonline.com & email Tweet with hashtag #EEwebinar Connect with EE World Online Continue the discussion on our forums EDABoard.com & ElectroTechOnline.com Don’t Forget!
- 20. #EEwebinar