Aghora seed production technology for legume vegetables
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Dr. T.S. Aghora provides information on improving seed production technologies in legume vegetable crops. Legume vegetables account for 7.2% of total vegetable area in India but only 2.42% of total production. Productivity is low for crops like French bean, vegetable cowpea, and garden pea. The document then details production techniques for these crops like suitable soils and temperatures, spacing, inputs, and fertilizer use. It also lists improved varieties that are resistant to major diseases like rust and bacterial blight and have higher yields. Techniques for seed production of French beans and peas are outlined, including isolation distances, rogueing, harvesting mature pods, and threshing and cleaning seeds.
Aghora seed production technology for legume vegetables
- 1. Dr. T .S . Aghora , Principal Scientist Division of Vegetable Crops Aghora. [email protected] Phone :9986100079 Improved Seed Production Technologies in Legume Vegetable Crops
- 2. Area and production • Area under legume vegetables amounts to 7.2 percent of total vegetable area in the country and its share in total production is 2.42 per cent. • Productivity is low. crop Area (l ha) Production (lt) Productivit y t/ha French bean 2.2 6.20 2.80 Vegetable Cowpea 0.58 4.90 8.44 Garden pea, 3.10 24.8 8.00 Others (dolichos bean, cluster bean etc, 0.89 3.25 3.65 Legume vegetables Total 6.77 39.15 5.78 FAO- 2015 and NHB data base
- 3. French bean (French bean (Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgaris L.) is anL.) is an important legume vegetable grown for its tenderimportant legume vegetable grown for its tender green pods.green pods. In India it is grown in an area of 2.2 lakh ha. withIn India it is grown in an area of 2.2 lakh ha. with production of 6.2 lakh metric tonnes and theproduction of 6.2 lakh metric tonnes and the productivity is 2.8 t/ha.productivity is 2.8 t/ha. In Karnataka, it is grown in 10000 ha with production of 50,000 metric tonnes.
- 4. Important production techniques • Soils Sandy loam is best with pH 6-7.5 • Optimum Temperature: 250 C for germination 24-290 C for growth and development Above 330 C reduces the flowering and pod formation, Pods mature early but starchy. • Season Oct-Nov ( for seeds)
- 5. Important production techniques cont.. Spacing 60 cm x 10 cm Inputs FYM 25t/ha Neem cake 250kg/ha Seed 40-45 kg/ha SMR 1:14 for CS Fertilizer 62:100:75Kg NPK
- 6. Arka Anoop Resistant to both Rust and Bacterial blight. Pod yield 19.78 t/ha. in 70 days. Crisp with less parchment. Plants bushy and photo insensitive Pods flat, medium long, 1.5 cm width, crisp, stringless.Yield 15 t/ha. in 70 days. Resistant to Rust and Bacterial blight. A bush, photo insensitive variety with pod yield of 17-18 t/ha. Widely adapted and has spread in the bean growing areas of the country. Pods are flat and stringy. Arka BoldArka BoldArka KomalArka Komal Arka Suvidha: podsArka Suvidha: pods oval stringlessoval stringless Seville: podsSeville: pods round stringlessround stringless
- 7. Major Production Constraints Root rots yield loss :25-100 %.
- 8. Root rots cont.. Fusarium Rhizoctonia Seed treatment Bavistine 2.0g/kg seeds Drenching with Captaf 3g/l at seedling stage Phythium
- 9. Stem fly At two leaf stage spray phosphomidon or cypermethrin@ 0.5 ml/l
- 10. Major Production Constraints • Rust : yield loss 78 -90 %. Initial white specks Reddish brown pustules Reddish brown pustules on pod Diathane M-45, Plantavax, Tilt & RES. VARIETIES
- 11. Bacterial blight Initial symptoms Disease severity Spray Blitox 3.0g/l + streptocycline 1g/3l Grow resistant variety: Arka Anoop
- 12. Field view of the rust resistant Arka Anoop and the susceptible check 30 DAS 50 DAS
- 13. Arka Anoop resistant to rust and bacterial blight
- 14. Arka Anoop resistant to bacterial blight and Contender, the susceptible check
- 15. Rust • Rust infects both bush and pole type french bean and cause yield loss to the tune of 78 -90 % during Rabi. • Popular pole type varieties like NZ, US-2, Kentucky Wonder, Tweed Wonder, etc., are susceptible to this disease. • Presently there are no pole type french bean varieties resistant to rust. Rust severity in french bean
- 16. Arka Sukomal • Plants pole type. • Takes 60 days for 1st harvest. • Resistant to rust (Ur-3) • Pods green, long (23 cm), oval and stringless • Ten pod weight:87 g • Yield potential :30 t/ha in 100 days
- 17. Viruses: MYMV Arka Sharath -IIHR
- 19. Arka Arjun in farmers field Arka sharath in farmers field in Shimoga Tq
- 20. • Anthracnose yield loss 38 -98 %. Brown to black lesions Gray brown Sunken cankers/ lesions Seed treatment Bavistine 2.0g/kg seeds Diathane M-45-3g/l Benomyl 0.5g/l Resistant- Kailash (IIPR)
- 21. Bacterial blight
- 22. Viruses: MYMV Cypermethrin or phosphomidon 0.5ml/l
- 23. Incidence of MYMV under field conditions Resistant breeding line and tolerant varieties
- 24. BCMV Cypermethrin or phosphomidon 0.5ml/l Res- IIPR 96-4
- 25. anupama Neville SevilleArka Anoop Arka Sharath Arka Arjun
- 26. Techniques for french bean seed production • Highly self pollinated cliestogamous flower. • Season : October sowing • Isolation : 10 m • Rogueing : two times, at flowering and pod formation stages • Harvesting : fully matured dry pods • Threshing and cleaning: broken, under sized, diseased seeds to be removed.
- 27. Cont…. • Sieve size: for french bean : 4.35 to 4.75 mm SMR-1:12 BS- FS 1:14 FS –CS Seed yield -1500-1800 kg /ha
- 28. Pea : Area and production: 0.3 m ha and 3.8 m t.0.3 m ha and 3.8 m t. Season and Temperature : 15 to 2515 to 25 OO CC Oct – Nov. in plains.Oct – Nov. in plains. Feb-March in hillsFeb-March in hills Soils Well drained sandy loam soil is suitable. ExcessWell drained sandy loam soil is suitable. Excess moisture results in poor growth and root rot.moisture results in poor growth and root rot. pH of 6.0 – 7.5 is ideal.pH of 6.0 – 7.5 is ideal. Varieties Maturity groups Early (45 days)(45 days) Mid season (60 days ) Late (80-85 days)
- 29. Varieties Early Arkel, Jawahar Matar 3, Jawahar Matar 4, Pant Matar 2, Pant Sabji Matar 3, Hissar Harit, Harbhajan, Asauji, Alaska, Meteor, Early Badger, Little Marvel, VL 7. Mid-season Arka Ajit, Arka Karthik, Bonneville, Jawahar Matar 1 to 6, JP 4, 19, and 83, Pant Uphar, Pant Nagar Matar 2, Azad pea, Narendra vegetable pea 1, Lincoln, and PRS 4. Late - Magadi local Spacing : 30 X 10 Early 60 x 10 and 100 x 10 Seed rate/ha. : 75 – 100 kg/haSeed rate/ha. : 75 – 100 kg/ha Farm yard manure /ha. : 25 tFarm yard manure /ha. : 25 t Fertilizer /ha. : N 50, P 75 and K 60Fertilizer /ha. : N 50, P 75 and K 60
- 30. Arka Ajit Arka Karthik Arka Sampoorna Rust+ PMR Rust+ PMR Whole pod edible Peas IPS-8: HT line IPS 1-1: HT line
- 31. ARKA AJIT
- 32. Arka Karthik
- 33. Arka Priya Arka Pramodh Rust+ PMR 12 t/ha-90 days Peas Rust+ PMR 12 t/ha-90 days
- 34. Arka Apoorva: Whole pod edible dual purpose mid season pea Variety MR to PM & Rust resistant
- 35. Powdery mildew and Rust
- 36. Arka Ajit Azad pea
- 37. Arka Ajit and Bonneville
- 38. Techniques for french bean seed production • Highly self pollinated homogynous flower. • Season : October sowing • Isolation : 10 m • Rogueing : two times, at flowering and pod formation stages • Harvesting : fully matured dry pods before shattering • Threshing and cleaning: broken, under sized, diseased seeds to be removed.
- 39. Thank you