Agile Software Development and DevOps 21092019

Agile Software Development +
DevOps
Ahmed Misbah

Purpose of this session
Put you on the first steps of becoming
Software Engineers by understanding
Agile Software Development

Agenda
• Section 1: Software Engineering
• Section 2: Agile Software Development
• Section 3: SCRUM
• Section 4: Lean and Kanban
• Section 5: DevOps
• Section 6: Conclusion

Before we start……
• Phones silent
• No laptops
• Questions/Discussions at anytime welcome
• 10 minute break every 1 hour

SECTION 1: SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING

Art, Science and Engineering
• Everything starts as Art
• It then becomes a Science
• It then becomes an Engineering

Engineering
• What a cook should wear?
• How the kitchen should be organized?
• Best kitchenware to use
• How to buy and store ingredients

Software Engineering
Is an engineering discipline that is concerned
with all aspects of software production

Difference between Computer Science
and Software Engineering
• Computer Science is concerned with theories,
and methods that underlie computer and
software systems
• Software Engineering is concerned with
practical problems of producing software

Programmer, Software Developer and
Software Engineer
• A Programmer is anyone who can create a program in at
least one programming language, regardless of the use of a
systematic approach
• A Software Developer is a Programmer who doesn’t only
care about simply writing code, but also cares about the
requirement analysis, the functional specification, the
design, the testing, the deployment and the maintenance
of the software product they work on
• A Software Engineer is one who applies Engineering
disciplines and principles to software creation

Software Process
• A Software Process is a set of activities that
produce a software product
1. Software Specification
2. Software Development
3. Software Validation
4. Software Evolution

Software Development Methodologies
• Waterfall Model
• Incremental and Iterative Model
• Prototyping Model

Disadvantages of Waterfall
• Equates Software Development to a
production line conveyor belt
• Customer sees the software product too late
• Too much waste

Incremental and Iterative Model

Incremental and Iterative Model
• An iterative process is one that makes
progress through successive refinement
• An incremental process is one in which
software is built and delivered in pieces. Each
piece, or increment, represents a complete
subset of functionality

Disadvantages of Inc. and It. Model
• Incremental alone is troublesome

Disadvantages of Inc. and It. Model

SECTION 2: AGILE SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT

Dictionary Definition of Agile
Able to move quickly and easily

Technical Definition of Agile
• A group of software development methods based
on iterative and incremental development
• Requirements and solutions evolve through
collaboration between self-organizing, cross-
functional teams
• Promotes adaptive planning, evolutionary
development and delivery, a time-boxed
iterative approach, and encourages rapid and
flexible response to change

History
• On February 11-13 2001, 17 people met to
find common grounds in software
development methodologies
• What emerged is the Agile Software
Development Manifesto

Agile Software Development and DevOps 21092019

Layers of Agile Development
N Tools
N Practices
N Methods
12 Principles
4 Values

Agile Values
• Individuals and interactions over processes
and tools
• Working software over comprehensive
documentation
• Customer collaboration over contract
negotiation
• Responding to change over following a plan

12 Principles of Agile Software (1)
1. Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer
through early and continuous delivery
of valuable software.
2. Welcome changing requirements, even late in
development. Agile processes harness change for
the customer's competitive advantage.
3. Deliver working software frequently, from a
couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a
preference to the shorter timescale.
4. Business people and developers must work
together daily throughout the project.

5. Build projects around motivated individuals.
Give them the environment and support they need,
and trust them to get the job done.
6. The most efficient and effective method of
conveying information to and within a development
team is face-to-face conversation.
7. Working software is the primary measure of progress.
8. Agile processes promote sustainable development.
The sponsors, developers, and users should be able
to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.

9. Continuous attention to technical excellence
and good design enhances agility.
10.Simplicity--the art of maximizing the amount
of work not done--is essential.
11.The best architectures, requirements, and
designs emerge from self-organizing teams.
12.At regular intervals, the team reflects on how
to become more effective, then tunes and
adjusts its behavior accordingly.

Agile Methods
• SCRUM
• Kanban
• Scrum ban
• Extreme Programming (XP)
• Lean Software Development
• Crystal Clear Methods
• Feature-driven Development
• Agile Unified Process/Methods (AUP)
• Custom Hybrids

Agile Practices
• Pair Programming
• Test Driven Development
• Automated Test Driven Development
• Behavior Driven Development
• Collective Ownership
• Continuous Deployment
• Continuous Integration
• Version Control
• Definition of Ready
• Definition of Done

Agile Tools
• JIRA
• Trello
• SeeDoNow
• IceScrum
• Redmine
• Git
• SVN
• Jenkins

Biggest Challenge to Agility
• Fixed contracts with Non-Agile clients:
o Fixed Cost
o Fixed Scope
o Fixed Time

Definition of Scrum
Scrum in the sport of rugby, is a way of
restarting the game, either after an accidental
infringement or (in rugby league only) when the
ball has gone out of play

Scrum Values
Focus
Because we focus on only a few things at a time, we
work well together and produce excellent work. We
deliver valuable items sooner.
Courage
Because we work as a team, we feel supported and
have more resources at our disposal. This gives us
the courage to undertake greater challenges.

Scrum Values
Openness
As we work together, we express how we're doing, what's
in our way, and our concerns so they can be addressed.
Commitment
Because we have great control over our own destiny, we
are more committed to success.
Respect
As we work together, sharing successes and failures, we
come to respect each other and to help each other
become worthy of respect.

Roles in Scrum
• Product Owner
• Development Team
• Scrum Master

Product Owner
• Decides what goes into the product backlog and,
equally important, what does not
• Maintains the product backlog and orders the items in
the backlog to deliver the highest value
• Works with the team and the stakeholders to
continuously improve the quality of the product
backlog and everyone’s understanding of the items it
contains
• Decides which product backlog items to ask the team
deliver in the current sprint
• Decides when to ship the product, with a preference
toward more frequent delivery

Scrum Master
• Coach the team
• Keep the team moving forward
• Help everyone understand Scrum

Development Team
• Product development (Coding, Testing, etc.)
• Work breakdown
• Task assignment
• Process improvement
• Coordination of tasks
• Detail coordination with other technical
groups
• Individual accountability

Three Powers
Dev Team Product Owner Scrum Master
Scrum

Analyzing Stakeholders
• Two Dimensional Analysis
– Power / Interest Grid
– Power / Influence Grid
– Influence / Impact Grid
– Influence / Attitude Grid
• Three Dimensional Analysis
– Salience Model (Power, Urgency and Legitimacy)

Power / Interest Model
Keep Satisfied
e.g. Functional Manager
HighPower
Low Interest
Monitor
e.g. Backup resources
LowPower
Manage Closely
e.g. Client
Keep Informed
e.g. End-user
High Interest

Salience Model
• Power
The ability the project stakeholder has to influence
outcome of an organization, deliverable or project
• Legitimacy
The authority and level of involvement a project
stakeholder has on a project
• Urgency
The time expected by a project stakeholder for
responses to their expectations

Salience Model
Power
• Latent
Legitimacy
• Discretionary
Urgency
• Demanding
DominantNon-Stakeholder
Dangerous
Dominant
Core

User Stories
• Written in the following notation:
– As who
– I want what
– So that why
• A User Story has three components (3Cs):
o Card
o Conversation
o Confirmation

Story Points and Velocity
• Story Points are used to size stories instead of
hours
• Velocity = Story Points burned by team/ Sprint

Scrum Events
• Sprint: 1 – 5 weeks
• Sprint Planning
• Daily Scrum
• Sprint Retrospective
• Sprint Review

Issues with Scrum
• Bugs!
• Maintenance and support
• Large scale and long projects
• Revolutionary change!

What is Lean?
• Is a systematic method in which the core idea
is to maximize customer value while
minimizing waste (“Muda”)
• Derived mostly from Toyota Production
System (TPS) or “Just-in-time production”

Value and Waste
• Value = What the customer pays money for
• Waste = Everything else!
– Muda ("non-value-adding work")
o Type 1: The non value added activity for end customer but it
is necessary
o Type 2: The non value added activity for end customer which
are not necessary. It is targeted to eliminate this type of
wastage
– Muri ("overburden")
– Mura ("unevenness")

Waste Types in SWD
1. Inventory
2. Overproduction
3. Extra Processing
4. Transportation
5. Waiting
6. Motion
7. Defects
1. Partially Done Work
2. Extra Features
3. Repeating the
repeated
4. Handoffs
5. Delays
6. Task Switching
7. Defects

Lean Principles in SWD
• Eliminate/Minimize waste
• Amplify learning
• Decide as late as possible
• Deliver as fast as possible
• Empower the team
• Build quality in
• See the whole

Lean Tools
• Continuous Flow-of-Value
• Value Stream Mapping
• Bottleneck Analysis
• Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED)
• Kanban (Pull System)
• Poka-Yoke (Error-proofing)
• 5 Whys
• Kaizen (Continuous Improvement)
• SMART Goals (Specific, Measurable, Attainable,
Relevant, and Time-Specific)

Lean Machine (Bottleneck Analysis)
3 5
1
4
1
3
3
3
1
2

Kanban
Kanban is a method for visualizing the flow of
work, in order to balance demand with available
capacity and spot bottlenecks. Work items are
visualized to give participants a view of progress
and process, from start to finish. Team
members pull work as capacity permits, rather
than work being pushed into the process when
requested.

Kanban Principles
1. Start with existing process
2. Agree to pursue incremental, evolutionary
change
3. Respect current process, roles, responsibilities
and titles
4. Leadership at all levels

Kanban Core Properties
1. Visualize the Workflow
2. Limit Work In Progress (WIP):
Reduce Batch Size of your Efforts (BASE)
Little’s Law:
Cycle Time = Work-in-progress / Average Completion Time
3. Manage Flows
4. Make Process Policies Explicit
5. Use feedback loops
6. Improve Collaboratively

DevOps - Definition
is a culture, movement or practice that
emphasizes the collaboration and
communication of both Software Developers
and other Information-Technology
professionals while automating the process of
software delivery and infrastructure changes

DevOps - Definition
It aims at establishing a culture and
environment where building, testing, and
releasing software, can happen rapidly,
frequently, and more reliably

DevOps - Components
1. Collaboration of People
2. Convergence of Process
3. Creation and Exploitation of Tools

DevOps – Toolchain
• Plan – Business value and application requirements
• Code (Create)– Code Development and Review, continuous
integration tools
• Build – Version control tools, code merging, Build status
• Verify (Test) – Test and results determine performance
• Package – Artifact repository, Application pre-deployment
staging
• Release – Change management, Release approvals, release
automation
• Configure – Infrastructure configuration and management,
Infrastructure as Code tools
• Monitor – Applications performance monitoring, End user
experience

Conclusion
• Developing Software is complex!
• There is no Silver Bullet!
• Agility is a journey, not a destination
• If one methodology is a religion, you should not be
religious!
• Learning will always be the #1 bottleneck
• Software Engineering is a key element in Software
Development

Conclusion
There is no single development, in either
technology or management technique, which by
itself promises even one order-of-magnitude
improvement within a decade in productivity, in
reliability, in simplicity.
No Silver Bullet - Essence and Accident in Software
Engineering
Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Agile Software Development and DevOps 21092019

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