AI/ML Infra Meetup | Building Production Platform for Large-Scale Recommendation Applications
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AI/ML Infra Meetup Mar. 06, 2025 Organized by Alluxio For more Alluxio Events: https://www.alluxio.io/events/ Speaker: - Xu Ning (Director of Engineering, AI Platform @ Snap) In this talk, Xu Ning from Snap provides a comprehensive overview of the unique challenges in building and scaling recommendation systems compared to LLM applications.
![High Fanout Inference
Compiling model for inference: User feature broadcast
● Train: (user_feature, document_feature) →label
● Inference: user_feature, [(document_feature)]
○ Need to broadcast user_feature at model compilation or inference server
Document feature fetching
● Each request may need to fetch 10s of 000s document features
○ 1TB/s read volume
Externalized Embedding serving
● 1TB model–cannot fit in memory
● In memory database/serving parameter server
“Introducing Bento, Snap's ML Platform”, Snap Eng Blog, 1/28/2025](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4buildingproductionplatformforlarge-scalerecommendationapplications-250311004025-bf304596/85/AI-ML-Infra-Meetup-Building-Production-Platform-for-Large-Scale-Recommendation-Applications-13-320.jpg)
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AI/ML Infra Meetup | Building Production Platform for Large-Scale Recommendation Applications
- 2. About Me ● Director of Engineering, ML Platform at Snap ● (prev.) Uber Michelangelo ML Platform, Horovod Project ● (prev.) big data and infrastructure at Uber, Facebook, Akamai, Microsoft Bing
- 3. Recommendation applications examples Search and Ads Short Videos Feeds
- 4. Example architecture of recommendation systems “Embedding-based Retrieval with Two-Tower Models in Spotlight”, Snap Eng Blog, 6/6/2023 100 millions thousands 10s of thousands hundreds a pageful Approximate nearest neighbor search aka “vector search” Two towers, dot product Wide-and-deep, DeepFM, DCN, DLRM, Transformers Rule-based List-wise LTR
- 5. Example architecture of recommendation systems “Machine Learning for Snapchat Ad Ranking”, Snap Eng Blog, 2/11/2022 Multiple ranking paths compete at auction
- 6. Example recommendation models 1. “Embedding-based Retrieval with Two-Tower Models in Spotlight”, Snap Eng Blog, 6/6/2023 2. “Machine Learning for Snapchat Ad Ranking”, Snap Eng Blog, 2/11/2022 Light ranking “L1” Heavy ranking “L2”
- 7. Unique technical challenges in recommendation systems ● Data intensive ● Large model size and freshness ● High fanout inference
- 8. Volume ● DeepSeek V3 trained with 14.6 Trillion Tokens =~60 TB ● Recommendation model at a Snap trained with 1PB data (and continue to be incrementally trained over time) ● Typically 1-epoch training to prevent overfitting Variety ● Types: counter, categorical, ID, ID list, embeddings, sequence (array of objects) ● Aggregation dimensions: by entity, by cohort, by category, etc Velocity ● Trillions of events processed per day in feature pipelines ● Event->available for serving in minutes RecSys is data intensive “Introducing Bento, Snap's ML Platform”, Snap Eng Blog, 1/28/2025
- 9. Example: Snap’s Robusta real-time feature platform “Speed Up Feature Engineering for Recommendation Systems”, Snap Eng Blog, 9/29/2022
- 10. Model size: “Scaling law” before it became a buzzword popularized by LLMs Meta’s recommendation model, 2024 Meta’s LLaMa 3.1 405b LLM, 2024 “Persia: An Open, Hybrid System Scaling Deep Learning-based Recommenders up to 100 Trillion Parameters”, Lian et al, 2021
- 11. Training large RecSys models “Persia: An Open, Hybrid System Scaling Deep Learning-based Recommenders up to 100 Trillion Parameters”, Lian et al, 2021 “Monolith: Real Time Recommendation System With Collisionless Embedding Table”, Liu et al, 2022 99% of weights DeepFM
- 12. How fresh is fresh enough? “Monolith: Real Time Recommendation System With Collisionless Embedding Table”, Liu et al, 2022
- 13. High Fanout Inference Compiling model for inference: User feature broadcast ● Train: (user_feature, document_feature) →label ● Inference: user_feature, [(document_feature)] ○ Need to broadcast user_feature at model compilation or inference server Document feature fetching ● Each request may need to fetch 10s of 000s document features ○ 1TB/s read volume Externalized Embedding serving ● 1TB model–cannot fit in memory ● In memory database/serving parameter server “Introducing Bento, Snap's ML Platform”, Snap Eng Blog, 1/28/2025
- 14. Inference and online feature fetching for RecSys “Introducing Bento, Snap's ML Platform”, Snap Eng Blog, 1/28/2025
- 15. Closing words ● Recommendation systems have unique platform technology and operational challenges due to scale, and complexity. ● It’s highly customized, and there is no clear cloud/open-source OOTB solution at scale. ○ Kuaishou Persia (unmaintained), ByteDance Monolith (unmaintained) ○ Very challenging to adopt ● More on how Snap powers its recommendation applications: https://eng.snap.com/introducing-bento 🍱
- 16. Snap ML Platform is hiring! ● Senior Principal Machine Learning Engineer, ML Platform ● Principal Machine Learning Engineer, ML Training Platform ● Principal Machine Learning Engineer, ML Inference Platform ● Principal Software Engineer, Machine Learning Infrastructure ● Manager, Software Engineering, Machine Learning Infrastructure, AI Training Platform ● Manager, Software Engineering, Full Stack ● Machine Learning Engineer, 5+ Years Experience ● Machine Learning Engineer, 3+ Years of Experience ● Staff Machine Learning Engineer, 8+ Years of Experience ● Staff Software Engineer, ML Infrastructure, 9+ Years of Experience ● Software Engineer, ML Infrastructure, 6+ Years of Experience ● Software Engineer, ML Infrastructure, 2+ Years of Experience https://careers.snap.com/