AI/ML Infra Meetup | The power of Ray in the era of LLM and multi-modality AI
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AI/ML Infra Meetup Nov. 7, 2024 Organized by Alluxio For more Alluxio Events: https://www.alluxio.io/events/ Speaker: - Zhe Zhang (Distinguished Engineer @ NVIDIA) In this talk, Zhe Zhang (NVIDIA, ex-Anyscale) introduced Ray and its applications in the LLM and multi-modal AI era. He shared his perspective on ML infrastructure, noting that it presents more unstructured challenges, and recommended using Ray and Alluxio as solutions for increasingly data-intensive multi-modal AI workloads.
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AI/ML Infra Meetup | The power of Ray in the era of LLM and multi-modality AI
- 1. The power of Ray in the era of LLM and multi-modality AI
- 2. Current: NVIDIA (DGX Cloud) ‘20 ~ ‘24: Anyscale Head of Ray / OSS Before: Cloudera, LinkedIn, OSS Hadoop, Spark etc.
- 3. Ray is a popular OSS project Ray Apache Spark MLFlow
- 5. ChatGPT / GPT-4 Trained on Ray! Fast iterations at Hyper-scale!
- 6. This Talk Adoption Highlights What is Ray How is Ray Used? Future Outlook
- 7. Ray: a short history 2016: Started in UC Berkeley (same lab as Spark / vLLM) 2019: Anyscale founded (company behind Ray) 2020: Ray v1.0 release; Ray Serve released 2022: Ray v2.0 release; (KubeRay, Ray Data etc) 2023 / 2024: a lot of focus on LLMs
- 8. A Typical ML Pipeline
- 9. Ray: Holistically addresses AI/LLM challenges Unified Framework for Scaling AI Workloads Ray Core “Operating System” for heterogeneous distributed computing Ray AI Libraries Data Train Reinforcement Learning Serve Tune
- 10. Minimalist API ray.init() Initialize Ray context. @ray.remote Function or class decorator specifying that the function will be executed as a task or the class as an actor in a different process. .remote Postfix to every remote function, remote class declaration, or invocation of a remote class method. Remote operations are asynchronous. ray.put() Store object in object store, and return its ID. This ID can be used to pass object as an argument to any remote function or method call. This is a synchronous operation. ray.get() Return an object or list of objects from the object ID or list of object IDs. This is a synchronous (i.e., blocking) operation.
- 11. def read_array(file): # read ndarray “a” # from “file” return a def add(a, b): return np.add(a, b) a = read_array(file1) b = read_array(file2) sum = add(a, b) Function class Counter(object): def __init__(self): self.value = 0 def inc(self): self.value += 1 return self.value c = Counter() c.inc() c.inc() Class
- 12. @ray.remote def read_array(file): # read ndarray “a” # from “file” return a @ray.remote def add(a, b): return np.add(a, b) a = read_array(file1) b = read_array(file2) sum = add(a, b) @ray.remote class Counter(object): def __init__(self): self.value = 0 def inc(self): self.value += 1 return self.value c = Counter() c.inc() c.inc() Function → Task Class → Actor
- 13. @ray.remote def read_array(file): # read ndarray “a” # from “file” return a @ray.remote def add(a, b): return np.add(a, b) id1 = read_array.remote(file1) id2 = read_array.remote(file2) id = add.remote(id1, id2) sum = ray.get(id) @ray.remote class Counter(object): def __init__(self): self.value = 0 def inc(self): self.value += 1 return self.value c = Counter.remote() id4 = c.inc.remote() id5 = c.inc.remote() Function → Task Object → Actor
- 14. @ray.remote def read_array(file): # read ndarray “a” # from “file” return a @ray.remote def add(a, b): return np.add(a, b) id1 = read_array.remote(file1) id2 = read_array.remote(file2) id = add.remote(id1, id2) sum = ray.get(id) file1 file2 Node 1 Node 2 id1: distributed future (object id) read_array id1 Return future id1; before read_array() finishes Task API
- 15. @ray.remote def read_array(file): # read ndarray “a” # from “file” return a @ray.remote def add(a, b): return np.add(a, b) id1 = read_array.remote(file1) id2 = read_array.remote(file2) id = add.remote(id1, id2) sum = ray.get(id) file1 file2 Node 1 Node 2 read_array id1 read_array id2 Dynamic task graph: build at runtime Task API
- 16. @ray.remote def read_array(file): # read ndarray “a” # from “file” return a @ray.remote def add(a, b): return np.add(a, b) id1 = read_array.remote(file1) id2 = read_array.remote(file2) id = add.remote(id1, id2) sum = ray.get(id) file1 file2 Node 1 Node 2 read_array id1 read_array id2 add id Node 3 Every task submitted, but not finished yet Task API
- 17. @ray.remote def read_array(file): # read ndarray “a” # from “file” return a @ray.remote def add(a, b): return np.add(a, b) id1 = read_array.remote(file1) id2 = read_array.remote(file2) id = add.remote(id1, id2) sum = ray.get(id) file1 file2 Node 1 Node 2 read_array id1 read_array id2 add id Node 3 ray.get() block until result available Task API
- 18. @ray.remote def read_array(file): # read ndarray “a” # from “file” return a @ray.remote def add(a, b): return np.add(a, b) id1 = read_array.remote(file1) id2 = read_array.remote(file2) id = add.remote(id1, id2) sum = ray.get(id) file1 Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 read_array file2 read_array add sum Task graph executed to compute sum Task API
- 19. @ray.remote def read_array(file): # read ndarray “a” # from “file” return a @ray.remote def add(a, b): return np.add(a, b) id1 = read_array.remote(file1) id2 = read_array.remote(file2) id = add.remote(id1, id2) sum = ray.get(id) @ray.remote(num_cpus=2, num_gpus=1) class Counter(object): def __init__(self): self.value = 0 def inc(self): self.value += 1 return self.value c = Counter.remote() id1 = c.inc.remote() id2 = c.inc.remote() val = ray.get(id2) Function → Task Class → Actor can specify resource demands; support heterogeneous hardware
- 20. The “No B.S” Slide 🤓 At the end of the day, “RPC is all you need” 💻 Run func(x) Return y
- 21. At the end of the day, “RPC is all you need” . . . 💻 Harry: do this Ron: do that
- 22. . . . 💻 SELECT * … At the end of the day, “RPC is all you need”
- 23. . . . 💻 I need someone to do this (w/ 2 CPUs) I need someone to do that (w/ 1 H100 GPU) At the end of the day, “RPC is all you need”
- 24. “No abstraction; it’s like SSH” “Do things my way (queries)” “It’s still Python code” At the end of the day, “RPC is all you need”
- 26. This Talk Adoption Highlights What is Ray How is Ray Used? Future Outlook
- 27. Most Successful Use Cases Model Training Unstructured Data (text, image, video) LLM Inference / Fine-tune Reinforcement Learning Graph Computing …
- 28. Model Training – Pinterest
- 29. Model Training – Pinterest
- 30. Model Training – Pinterest
- 31. Model Training – Uber
- 32. Model Training – Uber
- 33. Unstructured Data – Benchmark Leading open-source framework Leading commercial ML Platform $0 $20 $40 $60 $3.5 Load Pre- processing Inference Save Ray Core CPU CPU GPU Batch Inference ● Use most cost-effective hardware for each stage ● Independently scale every stage $7.3 $57 Cost to process 1M images https://www.anyscale.com/blog/offline-batch-inference-comparing-ray-apache-spark-and-sagemaker
- 34. Unstructured Data – Benchmark Load Pre- processing Inference Save Ray Core CPU CPU GPU ● Use most cost-effective hardware for each stage ● Independently scale every stage
- 35. Unstructured Data – Niantic
- 36. Unstructured Data – Niantic
- 37. Unstructured Data – Niantic
- 38. This Talk Adoption Highlights What is Ray How is Ray Used? Future Outlook
- 39. Zhe’s Takes on ML Infra “No abstraction; it’s like SSH” “Do things my way (queries)” “It’s still Python code”
- 40. Zhe’s Takes on ML Infra How structured is the problem? - ML is a much more unstructured problem than Data at this point - It could become structured at some point - Most people are still settling with the ssh + cmd approach (e.g. torchrun on Slurm)
- 41. Zhe’s Takes on ML Infra The rise of multi-modality AI - Much much more data-intensive - More development / trial-and-error - It becomes more meaningful to “upgrade your gear” (try Ray)