Alcohol fy b. pharmacy pci
- 1. ` © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 2. AT THE END OF PROGRAM STUDENTS SHOULD ABLE TO – •Identify & Define Alcohol functional group •Draw the classification of Alcohols •Identify properties of Alcohols Define and classify alcohol explain method of preparation of alcohol AT THE END OF PROGRAM STUDENTS SHOULD ABLE TO – •Recall methods of preparation of alcohols •Draw reactions for preparation of Alcohols LEARNING OUTCOMES Explain functional group test for alcohol AT THE END OF PROGRAM STUDENTS SHOULD ABLE TO – •Explain function group tests for Alcohols •Give Principles and reaction for same ` Draw the structure and uses of alcohol AT THE END OF PROGRAM STUDENTS SHOULD ABLE TO – •Recall examples with Alcohol functional group •Draw structure of such examples •Explain uses of different •alcohol ATTHEENDOFSESSIONSTUDENTS SHOULDABLETO- © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 3. Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxyl (-OH) group is directly attached to saturated carbon atom. R 1 C OH R 2 R Saturated carbon SP3 Hybridised Alcohol Functional Group R OHRepresented by formula: Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 4. ` • Alcohols are classified as primary (1⁰), secondary (2⁰) and tertiary (3⁰) according to the number of alkyl group attached to -OH bonded carbon primary secondary tertiary H C OH H CH3 CH3 C OH H CH3 CH3 C OH CH3 CH3 Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 5. • Alcohols are also classified on the basis of –OH group present in structure as Monohydric, Dihydric, Trihydric etc. Monohydric one OH group Dihydric Two OH group Trihydric Three OH group CH2 CH OH OH CH2 OH H C OH H CH3 CH2 CH2 OH OH Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 6. Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 7. Alkyl halide react with aqueous NaOH to form alcohol as below: H C Br H CH3 + NaOH H C OH H CH3 Ethyl Bromide Ethyl alcohol Heat H2O 1. Hydrolysis of Alkyl halide Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I *you can write examples of SN1 & SN2 © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 8. Alkene react with water in presence of strong H2SO4 as catalyst to form alcohol. Addition of water (H-OH) takes place across double bond H C C CH H H H H CH2 + H2O H2SO4 H C C CH H H H H CH2 OH H 1-butene 2-butanol OH H Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 9. The reaction of a Grignard reagent (RMgX) with Formaldehyde form a primary alcohol as below: H C H O RMgX H2O/H+ R C OH H H Formaldehyde Primary Alcohol Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 10. ` Alcohol react with small piece of sodium metal and give effervescence (bubbles) of gas due to evolution of H2. H C OH H CH3 + 2 Na H C ONa H CH3 Alcohol Alkoxide + H2 1. Sodium metal test: Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 11. This test is used to distinguish between 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ alcohols In this test alcohol are treated with a solution of HCl and ZnCl2 (Lucas Reagent) to form alkyl halide. Here Zinc act as a catalyst. The three types of alcohol react with Lucas reagent at different rates. This lead to different observation in test as follows: 1. Tertiary Alcohol- cloudiness appear immediately 2. Secondary Alcohol- cloudiness appear in 5 minute 3. Primary Alcohol- Clear solution Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 12. R 1 C OH R 2 R + HCl R 1 C Cl R 2 R Tert Alcohol + H2O ZnCl2 R 1 C OH H R + HCl R 1 C Cl H R Sec Alcohol + H2O ZnCl2 H C OH H R + HCl Pri Alcohol ZnCl2 No Reaction at Room Temp Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 13. It is based on fact that, Alcohol react with acidic solution of potassium dichromate (Orange colour chromic acid solution) to give different products on oxidation. This test is used to distinguish between 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ alcohols 1. Tertiary Alcohol- No reaction takes place- Orange colour 2. Secondary Alcohol- ketone- orange to blue green 3. Primary Alcohol- aldehyde- Carboxylic acid- Orange to green Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 14. H C OH H R Pri Alcohol H C R O Chromic Acid Chromic acid OH C R O Aldehyde Carboxyllic Acid R 1 C OH H R R 1 C R O Sec Alcohol Chromic Acid Ketone R 1 C OH R 2 R + HCl Tert Alcohol No Reaction at Room Temp Chromic Acid Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 15. Alcohol react with few drops of Cerric ammonium nitrate reagent to give Red colour + (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6R OH (R-OH)2Ce(NO3)4 + 2NH4NO3 Red Complex Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 16. ` • This test is used to measure alcohol level in blood. It used by traffic police to check motor driver to have a blood alcohol. Normal level is 0.15% w/v. • The principal behind the test is as described in dichromate test. • It performed by using Breath analyser. When air containing ethanol is blown through tube a chemical reaction takes place and a green colour is produced in place of orange colour. • If Green colour extend to Red, the motorist is considered as Drunken. Normal Alcohol Alcohol Exceed Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 17. IUPAC- Methanol 1. It is common laboratory reagent for HPLC and UV 2. Used as a jet fuel radiator 3. For manufacturing of formaldehyde 4. Antifreeze agent in chemical pipeline 5. As a solvent 6. Used for making other chemicals Molecular formula: CH30H Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 18. 1. For manufacturing of alcoholic beverages 2. As antiseptic and disinfectant in hospitals 3. As a solvent 4. In manufacturing of drugs and perfumes 5. As a fuel 6. As a hand sanitizer IUPAC- Ethanol Molecular formula: C2H50H Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 19. 1. As surfactant to stabilize emulsion 2. As emollient in cosmetic 3. In making hair conditioner 4. As viscosity modifier 5. As anti-oxident for plastic 6. As a foaming agent in detergent IUPAC: 1-hexadecanol CH3 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 OH 1 Molecular formula: C16H330H Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 20. 1. As a preservative in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products 2. Has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties 3. Has sedative, hypnotic and local anaesthetic properties 4. For treatment of mild pain on skin 5. Its 0.05% solution in water has anti- microbial activity 6. To treat throat infection, mouth ulceration. IUPAC- 1,1,1-trichloro-2- methylpropan-2-ol Cl C C OH Cl Cl CH3 CH3 Molecular formula: C-Cl3C(CH3)20H Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 21. 1. As preservative in medicines 2. 5% solution is used for treatment of head lice in child and adult 3. As a solvent 4. It is a precursor to variety of esters in soap, perfume and flavour industry 5. Has insect repellent properties IUPAC- Phenyl methanol CH2 OH Molecular formula: C6H5CH2OH Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 22. 1. As lubricant and humectant in personal care preparation 2. As laxative in the form of suppository 3. Used to produce Nitroglycerine, which is used to prevent heart attack 4. In soap- to prevent dryness of skin IUPAC- Propane 1,2,3 triol CH2 CH OH OH CH2 OH Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale
- 23. ` 1. As humectant in personal care preparation 2. As solvent 3. For production of unsaturated resin 4. In artificial tear formulation 5. As automotive coolant IUPAC- Propane 1,2 diol CH3 C C H OH H OH H Alcohol,SEM–II,POC-I © Dr. Atul R. Bendale