Alfonso xiii and the second republic
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Alfonso XIII, born posthumously in 1886, became king after his father Alfonso XII died, with his mother María Cristina serving as regent until his 16th birthday in 1902. His reign was marked by instability due to the loss of colonies in 1898, the war in North Africa, and uprisings in Barcelona, leading to a coup by Primo de Rivera, who ruled as dictator from 1923 to 1930. Ultimately, Alfonso XIII was forced to abdicate when the Republicans won the 1931 elections, resulting in the proclamation of the Second Republic and his subsequent exile.
Alfonso xiii and the second republic
- 1. ALFONSO XIII AND THE SECOND REPUBLIC
- 2. Alfonso XII died in 1885 at the age of 27. Her wife, María Cristina, was pregnant when he died, so the next king would be Alfonso XIII.
- 3. Alfonso XIII was born in 1886, one year after his father's death. So he was a posthumous son.
- 4. His mother María Cristina became the Regent Queen until he was 16. It was in 1902.
- 5. During María Cristina's regency and Alfonso XIII's reign there was a period of instability due to these reasons: - The disaster of 1898 - War in north Africa (Morocco). - Bloody rioting in Barcelona. - Problems with the working class.
- 6. 1. The disaster of 1898. Spain lost its colonies in Puerto Rico, Cuba and Philippines.
- 8. 2. War in Africa. The colonies from the North Africa wanted to be independent from Spain and France.
- 9. 3. Uprisings in Barcelona. This was called “The Tragic Week”. A lot of people from Barcelona were sent to the war of North Africa. The people and their families were unhappy with this, so they protested against the government. This led to a bloody rioting that lasted one week, where many people died.
- 10. 4. The working class, especially the factory workers and peasants were still very poor.
- 11. All these problems made Primo de Rivera organise a coup. A coup is when a group of soldiers “steal” the power to the people and become the leaders without having been voted by them.
- 12. Primo de Rivera was the dictator from 1923 to 1930.
- 13. Alfonso XIII supported his coup but he was forced to leave the government as he was unable to solve any of the problems of Spain.
- 14. Alfonso XIII was the king again in 1930.
- 15. People were unhappy with Alfonso XIII because he was considered a traitor.
- 16. In the elections of 1931, the republicans defeated the people that wanted the monarchy, so the Second Republic was proclaimed.
- 17. Alfonso XIII was sent to exile.