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Algorithm and flowchart
- 1. Algorithm and Flowchart Bali Thorat
- 2. Algorithm • The word “algorithm” relates to the name of the mathematician Al- khowarizmi, which means a procedure or a technique. Software Engineer commonly uses an algorithm for planning and solving the problems. An algorithm is a sequence of steps to solve a particular problem or algorithm is an ordered set of unambiguous steps that produces a result and terminates in a finite time Bali Thorat
- 3. Characteristics of Algorithm • Input: An algorithm may or may not require input • Output: Each algorithm is expected to produce at least one result • Definiteness: Each instruction must be clear and unambiguous. • Finiteness: If the instructions of an algorithm are executed, the algorithm should terminate after finite number of steps Bali Thorat
- 4. Advantages of algorithm • It is a step-wise representation of a solution to a given problem, which makes it easy to understand. • An algorithm uses a definite procedure. • It is not dependent on any programming language, so it is easy to understand for anyone even without programming knowledge. • Every step in an algorithm has its own logical sequence so it is easy to debug. Bali Thorat
- 5. Disdvantages of Algorithms • Alogorithms is Time consuming. • Difficult to show Branching and Looping in Algorithms. • Big tasks are difficult to put in Algorithms. Bali Thorat
- 6. Flowchart • The first design of flowchart goes back to 1945 which was designed by John Von Neumann. Unlike an algorithm, Flowchart uses different symbols to design a solution to a problem. It is another commonly used programming tool. By looking at a Flowchart one can understand the operations and sequence of operations performed in a system. Flowchart is often considered as a blueprint of a design used for solving a specific problem. Bali Thorat
- 7. Advantages • Flowchart is an excellent way of communicating the logic of a program. • Easy and efficient to analyze problem using flowchart. • During program development cycle, the flowchart plays the role of a blueprint, which makes program development process easier. • After successful development of a program, it needs continuous timely maintenance during the course of its operation. The flowchart makes program or system maintenance easier. • It is easy to convert the flowchart into any programming language code. Bali Thorat
- 8. Flowchart is diagrammatic /Graphical representation of sequence of steps to solve a problem. To draw a flowchart following standard symbols are use Bali Thorat
- 9. Bali Thorat
- 10. Algorithm to find the sum of two numbers • Algorithm • Step-1 Start • Step-2 Input first numbers say A • Step-3 Input second number say B • Step-4 SUM = A + B • Step-5 Display SUM • Step-6 Stop Bali Thorat
- 11. Algorithm to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit • C : temperature in Celsius • F : temperature Fahrenheit • Algorithm • Step-1 Start • Step-2 Input temperature in Celsius say C • Step-3 F = (9.0/5.0 x C) + 32 • Step-4 Display Temperature in Fahrenheit F • Step-5 Stop Bali Thorat
- 12. Algorithm to convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius • C : temperature in Celsius • F : temperature Fahrenheit • Algorithm • Step-1 Start • Step-2 Input temperature in Fahrenheit say F • Step-3 C = 5.0/9.0 (F - 32 ) • Step-4 Display Temperature in Celsius C • Step-5 Stop Bali Thorat
- 13. Algorithm to find Area and Perimeter of Square • L : Side Length of Square • AREA : Area of Square • PERIMETER : Perimeter of Square • Algorithm • Step-1 Start • Step-2 Input Side Length of Square say L • Step-3 Area = L x L • Step-4 PERIMETER = 4 x L • Step-5 Display AREA, PERIMETER • Step-6 Stop Bali Thorat
- 14. Algorithm to find Area and Perimeter of Rectangle • L : Length of Rectangle • B : Breadth of Rectangle • AREA : Area of Rectangle • PERIMETER : Perimeter of Rectangle • Algorithm • Step-1 Start • Step-2 Input Side Length & Breadth say L, B • Step-3 Area = L x B • Step-4 PERIMETER = 2 x ( L + B) • Step-5 Display AREA, PERIMETER • Step-6 Stop Bali Thorat
- 15. Algorithm to find Area and Perimeter of Circle • R : Radius of Circle • AREA : Area of Circle • PERIMETER : Perimeter of Circle • Algorithm • Step-1 Start • Step-2 Input Radius of Circle say R • Step-3 Area = 22.0/7.0 x R x R • Step-4 PERIMETER = 2 x 22.0/7.0 x R • Step-5 Display AREA, PERIMETER • Step-6 Stop Bali Thorat
- 16. Algorithm to find Area & Perimeter of Triangle • A : First Side of Triangle • B : Second Side of Triangle • C : Third Side of Triangle • AREA : Area of Triangle • PERIMETER : Perimeter of Triangle • Algorithm • Step-1 Start • Step-2 Input Sides of Triangle A,B,C • Step-3 S= (A + B + C)/ 2.0 • Step-4 AREA = SQRT(S x (S-A) x (S-B) x(S-C)) • Step-5 PERIMETER = S1 + S2 + S3 • Step-6 Display AREA, PERIMETER • Step-7 Stop Bali Thorat
- 17. Algorithm to Swap Two Numbers using Temporary Variable • Algorithm • Step-1 Start • Step-2 Input Two Numbers Say NUM1,NUM2 • Step-3 Display Before Swap Values NUM1, NUM2 • Step-4 TEMP = NUM1 • Step-5 NUM1 = NUM2 • Step-6 NUM2 = TEMP • Step-7 Display After Swap Values NUM1,NUM • Step-8 Stop Bali Thorat
- 18. Algorithm & Flowchart to Swap Two Numbers without using temporary variable • Algorithm • Step-1 Start • Step-2 Input Two Numbers Say A,B • Step-3 Display Before Swap Values A, B • Step-4 A = A + B • Step-5 B = A - B • Step-6 A = A - B • Step-7 Display After Swap Values A, B • Step-8 Stop Bali Thorat
- 19. Algorithm to find the smallest of two numbers • Step-1 Start • Step-2 Input two numbers say NUM1,NUM2 • Step-3 IF NUM1 < NUM2 THEN • print smallest is NUM1 • ELSE • print smallest is NUM2 • ENDIF • Step-4 Stop Bali Thorat