![External Genital Organs
– vaginal orifice
• hymen
– greater vestibular glands
• Bartholin’s glands [bulbourethral glands]
– arterial supply
– two external pudendal arteries
– one internal pudendal artery
• venous drainage: internal pudendal veins](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2bfl5brks4ibyva1cs2f-signature-2b98dd527e1d3904c16a7a29903d03bba2d8864fb72be3f83be544f2c27033c5-poli-180310084202/85/Anatomy-of-female-genital-tract-16-320.jpg)
Anatomy of female genital tract
- 1. Anatomy of the Female Genital Tract & Pelvic Floor Dr. Hazem Al-Mandeel, MD Assistant Professor & Consultant Obstetrics & Gynecology Course 481 GYN
- 4. Pelvic Viscera • Pelvic organs include: – Bladder – Uterus – Adnexae – Rectum • Also have the sigmoid colon, cecum, and ileum are components of the pelvic anatomy
- 5. Uterus • 7-8 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, 2-3 cm thick • projects superior-anteriorly over urinary bladder • two major parts – body (superior 2/3s) & fundus – cervix (inferior 1/3) has internal os, external os, anterior lip, & posterior lip – lined with columnar, mucus-secreting epithelium
- 6. – Wall of uterus consists of 3 layers: • Perimetrium/serosa - outer serous coat, peritoneum supported by thin layer of connective tissue • myometrium - 12-15 mm smooth muscle, main branches of blood vessels and nerves of uterus are in this layer • endometrium - inner mucous coat
- 7. Uterine Tubes • 10-12 cm long, 1 cm diameter • Extend laterally from cornua of uterus • Consists of 4 parts – Infundibulum or fimbrial end • distal end, abdominal ostium, about 2 mm in diameter • 20-30 fimbriae – Ampullary part • widest and longest part, over 1/2 its length • fertilization occurs here • most common site for ectopic
- 8. Uterine Tubes – isthmus • short 2.5 cm, narrow, thick-walled part of tube that enters the uterine cornu – uterine part • short segment that passes through thick myometrium of uterus • uterine ostium (smaller than abdominal ostium)
- 10. Ovaries • oval, almond-shaped, 3 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, 1 cm thick • ligaments – superior (tubal) end of ovary is connected to lateral wall of pelvis by suspensory ligament of the ovary. It contains ovarian vessels and nerves – ligament of ovary - connects inferior (uterine) end of ovary to lateral angle of uterus • surface of ovary is not covered by peritoneum – oocyte expelled into peritoneal cavity
- 11. Vagina • Four fornises • sphincters of vagina • pubovaginalis muscle • urogenital diaphragm • bulbospongiosus muscle • lymphatic drainage • superior part into internal and external iliac lymph nodes • middle part into the internal iliac lymph nodes • vestibule into superficial inguinal lymph nodes
- 12. Ligaments • Round ligaments • Infundibulo-ligament • Utero-ovarian ligament • Broad ligament • Cardinal ligament • Uterosacral ligaments
- 14. External Genital Organs • mons pubis • labia majora • labia minora – prepuce (clitoral hood) – frenulum of the labia minora = fourchette • vestibule of the vagina – external urethral orifice • paraurethral glands (Skene’s glands) • Bartholin's gland
- 16. External Genital Organs – vaginal orifice • hymen – greater vestibular glands • Bartholin’s glands [bulbourethral glands] – arterial supply – two external pudendal arteries – one internal pudendal artery • venous drainage: internal pudendal veins
- 19. Lymph Drainage • The external genitalia, anus, and anal canal drain to the superficial inguinal nodes • The lower one third of the vagina drains to the sacral nodes and the internal and common iliac nodes • The cervix drains to the external or internal iliac and sacral nodes
- 20. Lymph Drainage • The lower uterus drains to the external iliac nodes • The upper uterus drains into the ovarian lymphatics to the lumbar nodes. The lymphatics of the ovaries drain out of the pelvis to the lumbar nodes
- 22. Innervation of External Genital Tract – ilioinguinal nerve – genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve – perineal branch of the femoral cutaneous nerve – perineal nerve
- 24. Levator Ani • Major structure of pelvic floor • Anterior/posterior orientation • Perforated by urogenital hiatus • Consists of : Pubococcygeus Iliococygeus Puborectalis Coccygeus